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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Ventura, Jaume |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a simple theoretical framework to study a set of regions, each with its own regional government, who share a union or central government. These governments must decide whether to implement or discard a large number of projects that produce local benefits for the region that implements them, and externalities for the rest of the regions. Conflict or disagreement arises since different regions value projects differently. The classic assignment problem consists of deciding who decides these projects, either the union or the regional governments. It is well known that regional governments are insensitive to externalities. The key observation here is that the union government is insensitive to local beneÃ?ts. Thus, each government maximizes only a piece of the value of projects, and disregards the other one. This observations leads to simple and clear rules for solving the assignment problem. |
| Keywords: | centralization and decentralization; European integration; externalities; Fiscal Federalism; Public Goods |
| JEL: | D72 D79 F15 F55 H77 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13893&r=all |
| By: | Boumediene Amraoui (Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University); Abdesselam Ouhajjou (Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University); Salvatore Monni (Roma Tre University); Najiba El Idrissi (Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University); Manuela Tvaronavičienė (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University) |
| Abstract: | The emergence of cluster policy around the world is inspired by the models of the Silicon Valley. Territorial and local development productive systems depend on the new integrated management models that are clusters. Morocco has adopted economic and industrial reforms aimed at accelerating the structural transformation of its production system by strengthening its territorial development model while adopting a cluster development policy through the National Pact for Industrial Emergence, but the performance of these clusters is questionable because they are in the genesis stage and must overcome social, managerial, financial and administrative obstacles and lack of public and private sector partnerships and insufficient innovative collaborative projects. This raises the question of measuring the dynamics and performance of a clusters and the problem of evaluating the economic development of a region. In this study, we intend to conduct review of Moroccan clusters and diagnose their performance in the context economic and industrial moving. |
| Date: | 2019–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02188850&r=all |
| By: | Estrella Gomez-Herrera; Frank Müller-Langer |
| Abstract: | We explore whether there is a gender wage gap in one of the largest EU online labor markets, PeoplePerHour. Our unique dataset consists of 257,111 digitally tradeable tasks of 55,824 hiring employers from 188 countries and 65,010 workers from 173 countries that made more than 2.5 million wage bill proposals in the competition for contracts. Our data allows us to track the complete hiring process from the employers' design of proposed contracts to the competition among workers and the final agreement between employers and successful candidates. Using Heckman and OLS estimation methods we provide empirical evidence for a statistically significant 4% gender wage gap among workers, at the project level. We also find that female workers propose lower wage bills and are more likely to win the competition for contracts. Once we include workers’ wage bill proposals in the regressions, the gender wage gap virtually disappears, i.e., it is statistically insignificant and very small in magnitude (0.3%). Our results also suggest that female workers’ higher winning probabilities associated with lower wage bill proposals lead to higher expected revenues overall. We provide empirical evidence for heterogeneity of the gender wage gap in some of the job categories, all job difficulty levels and some of the worker countries. Finally, for some subsamples we find a statistically significant but very small “reverse” gender wage gap. |
| Keywords: | gender wage gap, online labor markets, digitally performable projects |
| JEL: | D40 J40 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7779&r=all |