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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Franck Marle (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec); Meriam Kilani (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec); Catherine Pointurier (CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives); Laurent Dehouck (ENS Rennes - École normale supérieure - Rennes) |
| Abstract: | Les projets complexes se caractérisent par un certain nombre de phénomènes, comme des réactions non-linéaires ou chaotiques, des chaînes de propagation et des boucles/cycles. Cela entraîne pour la maîtrise des risques de tels projets un double enjeu, qui est d'une part, de mieux comprendre et anticiper dans la complexité, d'autre part de décider en connaissant du mieux possible toutes les conséquences indirectes des alternatives de décisions. Le projet étudié est un grand projet de construction, pour lequel une analyse de risques a été faite en 2014 et une autre en 2017. La problématique est la grande complexité du réseau de risques qui peut conduire le projet vers des phénomènes surprenants alors que l'analyse basique n'en tient pas du tout compte. L'approche consiste en premier lieu à étudier de façon basique les risques projets, puis les scénarios de propagation à partir de la matrice d'interactions entre risques. A chaque fois, ces valeurs sont comparées aux valeurs 2017, pour essayer d'en tirer des réponses à deux questions : • L'analyse avancée 2014 permet-elle de mieux anticiper ce qui va se passer en 2017 ? et si oui, est-ce général ou certaines zones particulières du projet, certains types de risques ? • L'analyse avancée permet-elle de mieux choisir des actions à incorporer spécifiquement dans le Plan de Maîtrise des Risques ? Certains développements sont encore en cours de réalisation, mais les premiers résultats montrent une amélioration significative de la capacité de prédiction dans les cas complexes, là où le réseau est le plus dense. De même, la correction du Plan de Maîtrise des Risques est significative par rapport à celui obtenu avec l'analyse basique. |
| Date: | 2018–10–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02063746&r=all |
| By: | Akçomak, Ibrahim Semih (TEKPOL, Middle East Technical University); Bürken, Serkan (TEKPOL, Middle East Technical University) |
| Abstract: | This paper argues that Turkey has fallen into a middle-technology trap on the borders of a weak innovation system (IS) and strong global value chains (GVCs). Detailed information from a primary R&D and innovation funding agency is used to show that the technological characteristics of the funded automotive R&D and innovation projects remained reasonably stable between 1995 and 2011. This result is cross-validated with two qualitative designs on beneficiary firms and automotive industry experts. The qualitative designs aided in identifying three mechanisms that explain how the Turkish automotive industry has fallen into a middle-technology trap. Analysis at the project, firm, and expert levels indicate that despite extensive upgrading and learning in manufacturing, the automotive industry has failed to build innovation capabilities. Turkey's delegated role in the automotive GVC, the joint venture (JV) structure and the lack of complementarities collectively work in creating a trap that impedes further technological development. |
| Keywords: | Middle-technology trap, automotive industry, technology, innovation, Turkey |
| JEL: | O12 O25 O33 L62 |
| Date: | 2019–03–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2019006&r=all |
| By: | S. Lemoussou (STAR ENGINEERING); J.C. Chaudemar; R.A Vingerheds |
| Abstract: | Summary Recently, several Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) innovate and propose new means of transportation. These projects have to deal with some important issues regarding the regulation whereas it is not fully available for this kind of development. The certification process, critical activity for any enterprise in this industry, constitutes a major challenge for this SME who are not completely aware of all requested constraints. These SME, disadvantaged on this complex market, may ask for a methodological support. We offer in our research to build a Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) framework and a structured process modeling to answer to this specific concern. |
| Abstract: | Récemment, des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises (PME) innovent en proposant de nouveaux moyens de transport aériens. Ces projets posent des questions importantes par rapport à la réglementation alors que celle-ci n'est pas complètement disponible pour ces types de développement. Le processus de certification, activité critique pour toute entreprise du marché aéronautique, demeure un enjeu pour ces entreprises non familières avec l'ensemble des contraintes imposées. Les PME concernées, démunies face à la complexité du marché, requièrent un support méthodologique. Nous proposons dans notre recherche de répondre à cette demande spécifique par une approche d'ingénierie système basée sur les modèles et une modélisation hiérarchisée des processus d'entreprise. |
| Date: | 2018–10–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02073921&r=all |
| By: | Buso, Marco; Dosi, Cesare; Moretto, Michele |
| Abstract: | We study the effects of granting an exit option that enables the private party to early terminate a PPP project if it turns out to be loss-making. In a continuous time setting with hidden information about stochastic operating profits, we show that a revenue-maximizing government can optimally trade-off direct subsidies for capital investment against the right of opting out the PPP. In particular, the exit option, acting as a risk-sharing device, can soften agency problems and increase the value-for-money of public spending, even while taking into account the budgetary resources needed to resume the project in the event of early termination by the contractor. |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2019–01–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemth:281284&r=all |
| By: | Viviana Asara |
| Abstract: | The 'movements of the squares' involved first and foremost an awakening or re-discovering of the radical imagination both in the square encampments, and in later projects created with the movements' decentralizations. The new alternative projects born after the square have materialized the movements' radical imaginaries in urban environments, extending and deepening concerns of broad political change over everyday life. Based on ethnographic work on the Indignados' movement in the city of Barcelona, this paper delves more particularly into three Indignant urban projects. It untangles three common and interlinked radical imaginaries both embodied and actualized in participants' social practices, and further orienting their future visions: commons, autonomy and ecologism. Scrutinizing their meaning, it also sheds light on connected issues such new ways of interfacing with local state authorities and redefining the boundaries between the public and the common. It shows that the ecologism imaginary cannot be properly grasped if disconnected from the other two imaginaries, and argues that a transformative eco-politics can only be claimed as such if it is able to articulate such an integrated vision typical of 'socio-environmental movements'. |
| Keywords: | Indignados, imaginary, movement of the squares, commons, autonomy, environment |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwsre:sre-disc-2018_04&r=all |
| By: | Giorgio Canarella (University of Nevada, Las Vegas); Stephen M. Miller (University of Nevada, Las Vegas) |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically investigates firm-specific determinants of agency costs, a relatively new and unexplored area in corporate finance. We estimate dynamic agency costs models, linking debt, firm size, and R&D activity to agency costs for a panel of U.S. information and communication technology (ICT) firms over 1990-2013. We adopt the Blundell and Bond (1998) two-step system GMM technique, which explicitly accounts for persistence, endogeneity, and unobservable firm heterogeneity. We provide the first evidence that our inverse proxy for agency costs, namely asset turnover (Ang, et al., 2000), exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with debt and a U-shaped relationship with firm size and R&D activity. These findings imply that agency costs experience a minimum value (in case of debt) and a maximum value (in case of firm size and R&D activity) and, therefore, that agency costs are higher at both low and high levels of debt, and lower at both low and high levels of firm size and R&D activity. We find that the level of debt of the average firm in the sample falls below the level that minimizes agency costs. We also document that, consistent with the agency literature, short-term debt provides an additional effective monitoring mechanism to alleviate agency costs. Our findings reveal that agency costs are dynamic in nature, mean-reverting, and persistent over time. This notion confirms the Florackis and Ozkan (2009) conjecture that managers behave as though an optimal level of agency costs exist that they pursue. Finally, we find a positive association between firm profitability and agency costs and a negative association between agency costs and firm growth. Extensive additional analysis confirms the robustness of our results. |
| Keywords: | ICT industry; agency costs; non-linearity; dynamic adjustment; system GMM |
| JEL: | G21 G28 G32 G34 |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uct:uconnp:2019-05&r=all |
| By: | Alek Tarkowski; Michal Sitek; Jan Strycharz; Riina Vuorikari (European Commission - JRC); Jonatan Castano Munoz (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | In order to draw evidence-based conclusions about publicly funded programmes and interventions, there is an interest in impact assessment. This Methodological Guide is meant to provide assistance on conducting evaluations of public initiatives focused on the provision of open digital textbooks. Such textbooks are in a digital format and made available publicly online. When funded through public funds, it becomes important to understand the possible costs and savings. Therefore, the Guide focuses on exploring the costs and savings associated with such initiatives, and on the other hand, estimating their impact on learning outcomes (e.g. exemplified as academic achievements). The Guide aims to be generic drawing on experiences gained from an independent evaluation of a Polish public program that produced open digital textbooks. Therefore, the methodology presented in this Guide can also be used to analyse programs focused on other types of digital content in education. The long-term aim of the Guide is to promote the proper evaluation of such initiatives in the future. |
| Keywords: | e-textbooks, digital resources, evaluation, impact on learning outcomes, impact on costs |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc115866&r=all |