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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Sophie Hooge (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Milena Chen (SNCF : Innovation & Recherche - SNCF); Dominique Laousse (SNCF : Innovation & Recherche - SNCF, CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Despite the importance of conceptual formulations for exploratory projects, the variety and evolution of concepts generated in an exploratory project to describe the innovative purpose across the whole innovation process is still misunderstood. In this paper, we propose to address this issue of multiplicity and coherence of concept formulation in exploratory projects at three levels - cognitive, managerial and strategic - in order to describe the dynamics of conceptual works. We rely on a on a longitudinal study (7 years) of the innovation capability management in a large established firm, SNCF, the French railroad company. Our main results are i) to give a typology of seven concept formulations; ii) to show that these are interdependent and part of a structured process of building a "desirable unknown" to impact three dimensions: cognitive generative power, collaborative attractiveness for new organizations experimentation, and strategic positioning renewal of the firm in quickly evolving environments; and iii) to explicit specific conceptual formulation patterns that can improve their performance. We thereby contribute to guide practitioners on building conceptual formulations to reach their innovation goals. |
| Keywords: | desirable unknown,KCP workshops,C-K theory,Radical innovation,innovative design,concept,exploratory project,Innovation strategy |
| Date: | 2018–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01900545&r=ppm |
| By: | Pedro Manuel Gomes Lopes; Pascale Chateau-Terrisse (UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée) |
| Abstract: | Based on a case study of the deployment of a digital portal in an accounting firm, the objective of this research is to study how a network of actors can emerge and adopt a managerial innovation. Using the Actor Network Theory, this study understand the development of a managerial innovation through the interactions between the actors and the tool. The results highlight the main translations and controversies that marked the construction of the tool. Initially, the non-consideration of users leads to an unsatisfactory deployment of the tool and the abandonment of the project by unrepresentative initiators. In a second step, the arrival of a new project manager acknowledging the problems related to the users allows him to identify the malfunctions of the tool and disrupts the structure of the network. Subsequently, challenging the original objectives of the tool brings new actors to the network and leads to the replacement of non-representative spokespersons. However, despite the controversy and the replacement of the spokesperson, the innovation network remains stable because of the number of important allies that have gradually been mobilized. It is then the successive translations which lead to the controversies but which also make it possible to go beyond them and to go towards the redefinition of the tool. This article highlights the contributions of ANT in understanding the adoption of digital tools. |
| Abstract: | À partir d'une étude de cas du déploiement d'un portail digital dans un cabinet comptable, l'objectif de cette recherche est d'étudier comment se constitue un réseau d'acteurs capable de construire et faire adopter une innovation managériale. En adéquation avec les fondements de la théorie de la traduction, la compréhension du développement d'une innovation managériale nécessite de saisir ses évolutions par le biais des interactions entre les acteurs et l'outil qui ont jalonné sa construction. Les résultats, issues d'observations et d'entretiens, mettent en lumière les principales traductions et controverses qui ont marqué la construction de l'outil. Dans un premier temps, la non-prise en compte des utilisateurs mène à un déploiement peu satisfaisant de l'outil et à l‘abandon du projet par des initiateurs non-représentatifs. Dans un deuxième temps, l'arrivée d'un nouveau chef de projet connaissant les problématiques liées au contexte et aux utilisateurs de l'outil lui permet d'identifier les dysfonctionnements de l'outil et bouleverse la structure du réseau. Par la suite une remise en cause des objectifs originaux de l'outil, apporte de nouveaux acteurs au réseau et conduit au remplacement des porte-parole non-représentatifs. Toutefois malgré les controverses et le remplacement du porte-parole, le réseau d'innovation se maintient stable en raison du nombre d'alliés importants qui ont progressivement été mobilisés. Ce sont alors les traductions successives qui mènent aux controverses mais qui permettent aussi de les dépasser et d'aller vers la redéfinition de l'outil. Cet article met en évidence les apports de la théorie de la traduction dans la compréhension de l'adoption des outils numériques. |
| Keywords: | management tools,digital,Actor Network Theory,outils de gestion,numérique,théorie de la traduction |
| Date: | 2018–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01907936&r=ppm |
| By: | Sophie Raedersdorf (FSEG - Université Strasbourg - Faculté des sciences économiques et de gestion); Christian Martinez-Diaz |
| Abstract: | Innovation processes are uncertain, they concentrate a significant part of company's risks and are a source of tension. We explore the management of the innovation process and if some management tools can favor innovation. A quantitative survey of 169 companies is used to describe management control practices and tools employed during the innovation process, and to highlight the needs of firms. In the light of two streams of literature (the first in favor of the control of the innovation process, the other in disfavor), this study allows us to show that management tools are used and desired by companies to manage the innovation process. We are contributing to the current research that aims to reconcile management control and innovation activities. The data collected shows a convergence of tools and practices that the paradigm of inter-organizational mimetism helps us understand. |
| Abstract: | Les processus d'innovation sont par définition incertains. Ils concentrent une part importante des risques de l'entreprise et sont sources de tensions. A l'aide d'une enquête quantitative par questionnaire menée auprès de 169 entreprises, nous nous interrogeons sur les outils de gestion utilisés par les organisations. Cette enquête nous permet de décrire les outils et pratiques de contrôle de gestion des processus d'innovation et de mettre en évidence les besoins des entreprises. Face à deux courants de littérature opposés (l'un en faveur de l'utilisation des outils de gestion, durant le processus d'innovation, l'autre en défaveur), cette étude en montrant que les outils de gestion sont utilisés et souhaités par les entreprises pour le pilotage des processus d'innovation contribue au courant de recherche qui vise à réconcilier le contrôle de gestion et les activités d'innovation. Les données récoltées montrent une convergence des outils et pratiques affichés, ce que la littérature autour du mimétisme inter-organisationnel nous aide à comprendre. |
| Keywords: | innovation process,management control,formal control,informal control,mimetism,processus d’innovation,contrôle de gestion,contrôle formel,contrôle informel,mimétisme |
| Date: | 2018–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01907814&r=ppm |
| By: | Jean-Claude BERTHELEMY; Arnaud MILLIEN |
| Abstract: | This paper is the first product of a project which aims to build a Collaborative Smart Mapping of Mini-grid Action (CoSMMA), whose principal objective is to identify best practice in decentralized electrification projects.By evaluation of 421 projects, from published research papers, we have built a pilot CoSMMA which proves its feasibility. Its relevance is demonstrated by a meta-analysis, which reveals the principal characteristics of decentralized electrification projects which have positive impacts on sustainable development.Four main characteristics were considered: technology (source or energy), system size (power), decision level (from local to country level), geographic location. When searching for best practice, technology and system size must be considered together, because the chosen technology may constrain the power, which is provided by the system. We find that the most popular projects, which are based on Solar Home Systems (SHS) are not the most effective. The problem with SHS is not the use of solar energy, but the small system size often chosen for SHS. Mini-grids, of larger size, especially those which use hybrid renewable sources of energy, have more positive impacts, because these systems combine the benefits of sustainability and flexibility. In terms of decision level, we find that both top-down and bottom-up approaches have advantages, with the observation of a U-shaped curve for the influence of the decision level on the probability of obtaining positive impacts. Geographical location matters, as it is very often the key to system feasibility. We find that DEPs are more effective in Latin America than in Asia, and more effective in Asia than in Africa.We also attempted to study the type of effects resulting from DEPs. Descriptive data suggest that for some types of effects, positive impacts are more likely than for others. Decentralized electrification projects have a more positive impact on Lifestyle & NICT or Household agenda than on Economic transformation or Community life. However, this pilot CoSMMA does not contain enough information to study precisely the types of effects, because some types of effects have not been studied frequently in the existing literature. This is the case, for instance, for environmental effects, which have been rarely measured scientifically.Finally, we attempted to broaden our information set by including expert data, which was entered into the CoSMMA meta-analysis. We define expert data as data that are not supported by statistical tests with measures of significance, whereas the evaluations based on scientific data were supported by statistical tests of significance. The expert data may be valid, but our attempt to include it in the analysis failed at this stage. The determinants of unproven effects appear to be quite different from the determinants of proven effects in our meta-analysis, and using expert data would imply merging proven and unproven effects, which would totally blur the conclusions. |
| Keywords: | decentralized electrification, sustainable development, impact assessment, meta-analysis |
| JEL: | L94 O13 O18 O22 |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fdi:wpaper:4608&r=ppm |
| By: | Kusterer, David J.; Schmitz, Patrick W. |
| Abstract: | Who should own public projects? We report data from a laboratory experiment with 480 participants that was designed to test Besley and Ghatak's (2001) public-good version of the Grossman-Hart-Moore property rights theory. Consider two parties, one of whom can invest in the provision of a public good. The parties value the public good differently. Besley and Ghatak (2001) argue that more investments will be made if the high-valuation party is the owner, regardless of whether or not this party is the investor. While our experimental results provide support for the Grossman-Hart-Moore theory, they cast some doubts on the robustness of Besley and Ghatak's (2001) conclusion. |
| Keywords: | Incomplete Contracts; Investment incentives; Laboratory experiments; Property rights; Public Goods |
| JEL: | C92 D23 D86 H41 L33 |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13204&r=ppm |
| By: | Clair Null; Jeremy Paley; Jamie McCasland; Jeremy Brecher-Haimson; Christina Phelps |
| Abstract: | This brief summarizes the findings of an evaluation of WASH for Life, a $17 million grant facility for innovative water, sanitation, and hygiene projects with the potential to scale, managed by USAID’s Development Innovation Ventures and co-funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. |
| Keywords: | WASH, water, sanitation, hygiene, innovation, strategic philanthropy |
| JEL: | F Z |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpr:mprres:e5482126f3c2491081cf806f7b654e48&r=ppm |
| By: | Tommaso Agasisti (Politecnico di Milano School of Managementcs); Ekaterina Shibanova (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Daria Platonova (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Mikhail Lisyutkin (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This research studies the short-term effects of the Russian Excellence Initiative Project 5to100 on participating universities. To trace the effect, we develop a quasi-experimental econometric methodology. A control group of universities comparable to the Project 5to100 universities at the starting point of the program’s implementation was singled out using propensity score matching. Data envelopment analysis was conducted, and the Malmquist productivity index was calculated to trace how and why the efficiency of the “participants” and “non-participants” of the Project 5to100 has changed due to the project. We also investigate the direct impact of the policy on the research productivity of universities, using the average treatment effect, and difference-in-difference approaches. The final step consists of an explanatory analysis of the factors apart from the policy potentially affecting efficiency scores. We find statistically significant positive effects of the policy both on the productivity and on the efficiency of the participating universities. |
| Keywords: | efficiency in higher education; excellence initiative; management of universities; data envelopment analysis; Tobit regression; Malmquist index |
| JEL: | I23 I28 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:201/ec/2018&r=ppm |