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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Johannes Friedrich Carolus (Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen); Nick Hanley (University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine); Søren Bøye Olsen (Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen); Søren Marcus Pedersen (Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen) |
| Abstract: | Cost-Benefit Analysis is a method to assess the effects of policies and projects on social welfare. CBAs are usually applied in a top-down approach, in the sense that a decision-making body first decides on which policies or projects are to be considered, and then applies a set of uniform criteria to identifying and valuing relevant cost and benefit flows. This paper investigates the possible advantages, prerequisites and limitations of applying CBA in what may be considered an alternative, “bottom-up”. Instead of starting out with a pre-defined policy option, the suggested approach begins with the underlying environmental problem, and then assesses costs and benefits of various strategies and solutions suggested by local and directly affected stakeholders. For empirical case studies concerning two river catchments in Sweden and Latvia, the bottom-up CBA approach utilises local knowledge, assesses plans which are not only developed for local conditions but are also likely to be more acceptable to local society, and sheds additional light on possible distributional effects. By not only benefitting from, but also supporting participative environmental planning, bottom-up CBA is in line with the growing trend of embedding stakeholder participation into environmental policy and decision-making. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Planning, Stakeholder Approach, Participatory Approaches, Ecosystem Services, Water Framework Directive, Catchment Management |
| JEL: | B41 D61 |
| Date: | 2018–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sss:wpaper:2018-03&r=ppm |
| By: | Romaric Servajean-Hilst (i3-CRG - Centre de recherche en gestion i3 - Polytechnique - X - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Richard Calvi (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc) |
| Abstract: | This paper seeks to instigate a new area of research in the EPI (Early Purchasing Involvement) literature around the question: How should a purchasing function evolve in order to identify and capture innovation in the supplier market? Particularly, we attempt to characterize the specificities of the Innovation-Purchasing functions, an emerging function acting in the fuzzy-front-end of projects. The contribution of this paper is a reification of the role of an Innovation-Purchasing function in an Open Innovation context, through the description of Early Purchasing Involvement in the Innovation (EPI 2) agenda. Design/methodology/approach In this empirical paper, the data is collected through an internal benchmarking study within a multinational multidivisional firm evolving in the automotive sector where a Purchasing function dedicated to Innovation is established in its various divisions. It is then analysed using the framework developed by Van Echtelt et al. (2008) to specify which activities are necessary to manage Early Supplier Involvement (ESI). Findings Our study reveals similarities and differences between the observed practices of what we call Early Purchasing Involvement in Innovation (EPI 2) and the more classical EPI activities in an NPD context. Specifically, we observed an enforced strategic role of EPI 2 that influences the innovation process by aligning it to supplier market capabilities and purchasing strategies. Research limitations/implications The research is based on a specific case study in the automotive sector. Further studies could consider some other contexts or test the applicability of the findings to other industries. Practical implications The implications of the purchasing function is an emerging topic of interest in a lot of industries. The insights developed in this paper help such firms recognise the specific issues and contents to support EPI 2 through some organisational decisions. Originality/value As an in-depth study of a single company dealing with an emerging topic, this research responds to calls for studies embedded in reality. |
| Keywords: | Organisation of purchasing function,Early Purchasing Involvement,Open Innovation |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01700648&r=ppm |
| By: | Contreras, Gaby (radboud university); Bos, Jaap (Finance); Kleimeier, Stefanie (Finance) |
| Abstract: | In a collaborative setting, banks have an additional way to deal with asymmetric information between themselves and their borrowers: by pooling information. We explore the extent to which lead arrangers in the project finance syndicated lending market strategically choose their new partners in order to pool information, thereby lowering the overall degree of asymmetric information between themselves and their borrowers. We find that information pooling explains with whom banks collaborate, why they reach further into their network to find new partners and why they go outside their existing network if the need to pool information is high enough. |
| Keywords: | financial economics and financial management |
| Date: | 2018–04–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:umagsb:2018008&r=ppm |
| By: | Fiammetta Rossetti (European Commission - JRC); Daniel Nepelski (European Commission - JRC); Melisande Cardona (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | In 2015 the European Commission (EC) DG CNECT launched the 2nd edition of the Startup Europe (SE) initiative under the Horizon 2020 EU Research and Innovation programme. This initiative coordinated the efforts of six distinct projects (Digistart, Welcome, ePlus, Startup Scaleup, Twist and Startup Europe Partnership) that connected just as many European entrepreneurial ecosystems. This report provides the theoretical framework to analyse the policy support to entrepreneurship and evidence on the nearly 700 startups participating in the SE projects. This exercise also helps to collect relevant insights about the effectiveness of the matching between the SE offerings and the needs of startups. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship, Innovation, ICT policy, Digital Economy, Digital Single Market |
| Date: | 2018–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc110945&r=ppm |
| By: | Afifa Khanam (Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan Author-2-Name: Uzma Qureshi Author-2-Workplace-Name: Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan Author-3-Name: Fakhra Aziz Author-3-Workplace-Name: Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan) |
| Abstract: | Objective – This research is designed to provide knowledge and skills to female teachers to increase their competence to initiate and maintain their own businesses for their economic wellbeing. The study also aims to raise awareness in teachers about the importance of entrepreneurship by utilizing their teaching skills, experiences and motivation to start their own independent teaching programs and projects. Methodology/Technique – The project?s outcomes and process were monitored, assessed and evaluated by conducting pre and post-tests throughout the intervention program. The researchers extended their contributions by conducting guidance and counselling sessions for the trained faculty members for further teaching of the modules. Findings – The results show that there are sustainable implications for female teachers? self-employment through their use of teaching programs in Punjab. Novelty – This study is an action research conducted by researchers of a women-only university in Pakistan under the sponsorship of the HEC (Higher Education Commission). The study aims to encourage entrepreneurial skills in female students of pre-service teacher education programs in Punjab by developing curriculums and arranging entrepreneurial workshops and seminars. |
| Keywords: | Teacherpreneurship; Entrepreneurship Modules; Teacher Education Programs; Women Entrepreneurs |
| JEL: | I25 L26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr510&r=ppm |
| By: | Pavlina R. Tcherneva |
| Abstract: | The job guarantee (JG) is a public option for jobs. It is a permanent, federally funded, and locally administered program that supplies voluntary employment opportunities on demand for all who are ready and willing to work at a living wage. While it is first and foremost a jobs program, it has the potential to be transformative by advancing the public purpose and improving working conditions, people’s everyday lives, and the economy as a whole. This working paper provides a blueprint for operationalizing the proposal. It addresses frequently asked questions and common concerns. It begins by outlining some of the core propositions in the existing literature that have motivated the JG proposal. These propositions suggest specific design and implementation features. (Some questions are answered in greater detail in appendix III). The paper presents the core objectives and expected benefits of the program, and suggests an institutional structure, funding mechanism, and project design and administration. |
| Keywords: | Job Guarantee; Unemployment; Full Employment; Living Wage; Policy Design |
| JEL: | D6 E2 E6 H1 H3 H4 H5 J2 J3 J4 |
| Date: | 2018–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lev:wrkpap:wp_902&r=ppm |