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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Ghidoni, Riccardo (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | The realization of large-scale projects such as landfills, power plants, etc. is often hindered by the opposition of the possible host community. I study the case in which the opposition emerges from the mistrust of the host community toward the proposer of the project due to an informational asymmetry on the project's returns. In a novel laboratory experiment, I compare a baseline opposition game to treatments including the possibility to endogenously disclose information about the project or to offer compensatory transfers to the host. Both tools are more effective than expected in mitigating oppositions, but have heterogeneous impacts on the creation of social surplus and its allocation among the stakeholders. |
| Keywords: | trust; NIMBY; Information disclosure; Compensatory transfers |
| JEL: | C70 C90 D03 Q53 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiucen:f5596ad2-947a-49b9-abda-ea6575fd13cc&r=ppm |
| By: | Ganuza Fernandez, Juan Jose; Llobet, Gerard |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that the concession model discourages firms from acquiring information about the future profitability of a project. Uniformed contractors carry out good and bad projects because they are profitable in expected terms even though it would have been optimal to invest in screening them out according to their value. White elephants are identified as avoidable negative net present-value projects that are nevertheless undertaken. Institutional arrangements that limit the losses that firms can bear exacerbate this distortion. We characterize the optimal concession contract, which fosters the acquisition of information and achieves the first best by conditioning the duration of the concession to the realization of the demand and includes payments for not carrying out some projects. |
| Keywords: | Concession contracts; flexible-term concessions; Information Acquisition |
| JEL: | D82 D86 H21 L51 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12557&r=ppm |
| By: | Armand Hatchuel (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pascal Le Masson (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Yoram Reich (Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv]); Eswaran Subrahmanian (CMU - Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh]) |
| Abstract: | In recent years, the works on Design Theory (and particularly the works of the Design Theory SIG of the Design Society) have contributed to reconstruct the science of design, comparable in its structure, foundations and impact to Decision Theory, Optimization or Game Theory in their time. These works have reconstructed historical roots and the evolution of design theory, conceptualized the field at a high level of generality and uncovered theoretical foundations, in particular the logic of generativity, the " design-oriented " structures of knowledge, and the logic of design spaces. These results give the academic field of engineering design an ecology of scientific objects and models, which allows for expanding the scope of engineering education and design courses. They have contributed to a paradigm shift in the organization of R&D departments, supporting the development of new methods and processes in innovation departments, and to establishing new models for development projects. Emerging from the field of engineering design, design theory development has now a growing impact in many disciplines and academic communities. The research community may play significant role in addressing contemporary challenges if it brings the insights and applicability of Design Theory to open new ways of thinking in the developing and developed world. |
| Keywords: | social spaces -2,knowledge structure,Generativity,design theory,decision theory |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01633021&r=ppm |
| By: | Pollermann, Kim; Raue, Petra; Schnaut, Gitta |
| Abstract: | Support for balanced regional development with participatory approaches has a long tradition in EU funding programmes for rural development. LEADER started 25 years ago and now has 2600 Local Action Groups (LAGs). These LAGs collaborate as a kind of a public-private partnership on the basis of an integrated local development strategy and administer own budgets to support projects. To examine the contributions of LEADER to local governance, we can present results from the ex-post-evaluation of Rural Development Programs (2007-2013) in six federal states in Germany. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods has been used. In addition first evaluation results are shown for the 2014-2020 funding period, especially from a survey of 115 LAGs in four German federal states. To examine governance matters on the input-side we look at the type and structure of participa-tion while on the output-side we focus on contributions to rural development. On the input-side the involvement of civil society and economy actors was successful, but inade-quate funding conditions for private actors set limitations for their involvement in project imple-mentation. In addition, the LAG-compositions show a lack of underprivileged groups and note-worthy shortfalls in gender representation. Looking at the output-side and the factors favoring the success of governance arrangements like LEADER, the estimations of LAG-managers show that the most important factors are: commit-ment, financial/material resources, involvement of key-personalities as driving forces, level of acceptance/cooperation and support from local/regional political actors. Remarkably, the quality of the local development strategies was rated less important but still relevant. |
| Keywords: | rural development,governance,LEADER,CLLD |
| JEL: | H11 R58 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:173061&r=ppm |
| By: | Bolívar Pêgo; Júlio César Roma; José Gustavo Feres; Larissa Schmidt |
| Abstract: | Este Texto para Discussão faz parte de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo compreender os Condicionantes institucionais à execução do investimento em infraestrutura no Brasil contemporâneo e propor melhorias das políticas públicas. A justificativa são as evidências que indicam a baixa capacidade do governo federal e do empresariado brasileiro para executar de forma acelerada o investimento em projetos de infraestrutura. Para a análise foram selecionados seis estudos de caso, sendo três considerados exitosos e três não exitosos; quais sejam, exitosos: usina termelétrica (UTE) de Candiota fase III, usina hidrelétrica (UHE) Teles Pires e Transporte Rápido por Ônibus (Bus Rapid Transit – BRT) saída sul do Distrito Federal; e não exitosos: ferrovia Transnordestina, metrô de Salvador e BR-163, trecho norte, de Mato Grosso a Santarém, no estado do Pará. Para cada estudo de caso, sete condicionantes foram analisadas: i) planejamento, projeto, gestão e coordenação intragovernamental; ii) licitação e contratação; iii) licenciamento socioambiental; iv) desapropriação e conflitos fundiários; v) articulação federativa na relação Estado e sociedade; vi) controles burocráticos e judiciais (Sistema U); e vii) mercado privado de proteção de bens e serviços. Este texto, em particular, aborda a condicionante licenciamento ambiental (LA). No Brasil, o licenciamento vem passando, nos últimos anos, por alterações no seu marco regulatório, que tem sido um tema ainda pouco compreendido e objeto de crítica permanente, particularmente pelo setor produtivo e ligado aos grandes projetos de infraestrutura econômica. São citadas questões como tomada de decisão demorada e com baixa fundamentação, ideologização do processo, entre outras, que contribuem para atrasos, aumento de custos, judicialização, criação de passivos contingentes e não cumprimento de metas de oferta de serviços para aprimorar o bem-estar da sociedade. Este texto tem como objetivo geral fazer uma análise desses problemas, tendo como pergunta geral norteadora: quais os fatores e condições de ordem institucional que interferem na execução do investimento público e privado em infraestrutura econômica no Brasil? Duas perguntas específicas também direcionam o tema do trabalho: i) como e por que o licenciamento incide sobre a capacidade de execução? e ii) quais as alternativas possíveis para aperfeiçoá-lo? Diante disso, alguns pontos analisados nas referências e nos seis estudos de caso selecionados ajudam a responder a pergunta geral norteadora: a ainda baixa capacidade de coordenação geral do Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA); a pouca articulação e cooperação entre as instituições envolvidas dentro e fora do Sistema Nacional do Meio Ambiente (Sisnama); o órgão licenciador é permanentemente sobrecarregado com questões e demandas que não são, necessariamente, de sua responsabilidade; a intervenção importante, mas às vezes excessiva, do Ministério Público Federal (MPF); entre outros. A primeira pergunta específica norteadora pode ser respondida pelo fato de que o licenciamento é preterido ou pouco considerado nas tomadas de decisões; pelo andamento das obras dos projetos; contaminação ideológica do processo; excesso de “desenvolvimentismo” dos empreendedores; empreendedores com grande poder econômico e político; má qualidade dos estudos técnicos; entre outros. Quanto à segunda pergunta específica norteadora, são feitas sugestões de melhorias de política envolvendo questões institucionais, regulatórias, contratos, multiplicidade de atores, judicialização etc. This text for discussion is part of a research aimed to understand the institutional constraints to the implementation of investment in infrastructure in contemporary Brazil “and to propose public policy improvement. The rationale for their implementation is that there is evidence that indicate the low capacity of the Federal Government and Brazilian companies to perform “accelerated” investment in infrastructure projects. For analysis were selected six case studies, three successful and not successful three considered, namely: exitosos: thermoelectric of Candiota III hydroelectric power plant phase Teles Pires and BRT south exit DF; and successful not-Transnordestina, subway of Salvador and BR-163 North of Mato Grosso, Santarém (Pará). For each case study, seven conditions were analyzed: planning, designing, managing and coordinating intragovernamental; Bidding and Contracting; Socio-environmental licensing; Expropriation and land conflicts; Federal joint, State and society; Bureaucratic and judicial controls (“U”); and private protection Market of goods and services. This text, in particular, addresses the environmental licensing etching. In Brazil, through licensing, in recent years, through changes in its regulatory framework, has been a theme yet little understood and object of permanent criticism, particularly by the productive sector and linked to major economic infrastructure projects. Are cited issues such as slow decision-making and reasoning, ideological content, process and contribute to delays, increased costs, judicialization, creation of contingent liabilities and non-compliance with service delivery goals to improve the well-being of society. This text aims to make a general analysis of the problems, with the general question: what are the guiding factors and institutional conditions that interfere with the implementation of public and private investment in economic infrastructure in Brazil? Two specific questions are were defined: i) how and why the licensing relates to the ability to execute? and ii) what are the possible alternatives to improve it? Given this, some points analyzed in references and in six selected case studies help answer the question guiding general: i) the still low overall coordination capacity of MMA; ii) little articulation and cooperation between the institutions involved within and outside of Amazonia; iii) the licensing body is continually overwhelmed with questions and demands that are not necessarily of its responsibility; and iv) important intervention but sometimes excessive MPF; among others. As to the first question guiding specific, can be answered by licensing be deprecated or little considered in decision-making; by the progress of works of the projects; ideological contamination of the process; excess “developmentalism” of entrepreneurs; entrepreneurs with great economic and political power; poor quality of technical studies; among others. As for the second question guiding specific suggestions for improvements are make involving policy, regulatory, institutional issues contracts, multiplicity of actors, judicialization, etc. |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2353&r=ppm |
| By: | Franck Aggeri (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The issue of performativity reverse the classical perspective in the social sciences, for they revolve less around describing a pre-existing reality than understanding how reality is produced by intentional interventions. Yet the link between intervention and performativity is by no means automatic. On the contrary, this approach encourages us to focus on the pragmatic conditions that allow this performation to be constructed. In this sense, the aim of this article is threefold. First, it expands the field of performativity, which is structured around three dominant approaches (Austinian, Callonian and Butlerian), to encompass lesser-known research on writing and calculation. Second, it proposes a comparison between theoretical perspectives of research on performativity, and two other research trends in social science and in organizations. These, without using the term performativity, present strong similarities to it from a theoretical and methodological point of view: Foucauldian approaches and instrument-based approaches to organizations. Based on the concepts thus introduced, this article then proposes an analysis framework for performation processes in organizations, articulated around three levels of analysis: i) the study, on an elementary level, of speech acts, acts of calculation, and acts of writing organized around instrumented activities; ii) their insertion within the management dispositifs that give them meaning and contribute to defining their boundaries; and iii) the putting into perspective of these dispositifs in historical transformations in forms of governmentality. This analytical framework is applied in the case of the car project referred to as L, an instance of collaborative research in which a crisis situation characterized by the disalignment between the elementary acts studied and the management dispositif implemented by the company was examine. This case illustrates a more general phenomenon in which management dispositifs produce negative effects on the skills dynamics in a company, and on individuals’ involvement in these collective projects. It also explains the infelicity of certain performative acts. |
| Abstract: | Qu'est-ce que la performativité peut apporter aux recherches en management et sur les organisations Mise en perspective théorique et cadre d'analyse Franck Aggeri Résumé. La problématique de la performativité renverse la perspective classique en sciences sociales : il s'agit moins de décrire une réalité préexistante que de comprendre comment la réalité est produite par des interventions intentionnelles. Toutefois, le lien entre intervention et performativité n'a rien d'automatique et cette approche invite, au contraire, à s'intéresser aux conditions pragmatiques qui permettent de construire cette performation. Dans cette perspective, cet article vise un triple objectif. Il élargit tout d'abord le champ de la performativité, structuré autour de trois approches dominantes (dites austinienne, callonienne et butlérienne), à des travaux moins connus sur les actes d'écriture et de calcul. Il propose ensuite une mise en perspective des travaux sur la performativité par rapport à deux autres courants de recherche en sciences sociales et dans les organisations qui, sans utiliser le terme de performativité, présentent de fortes similitudes sur le plan théorique et méthodologique : les approches foucaldiennes et les approches des organisations par les instruments. A partir des concepts introduits, l'article propose enfin un cadre d'analyse des processus de performation dans les organisations qui articule trois niveaux d'analyse : l'étude, à un niveau élémentaire, des actes de langage oraux, de calcul et d'écriture organisés autour d'activités instrumentées ; leur insertion dans des dispositifs de management qui leur donnent du sens et contribuent à les cadrer ; la mise en perspective de ces dispositifs dans les transformations historiques des formes de gouvernementalité. Ce cadre d'analyse est mobilisé sur le cas du projet automobile L, objet d'une recherche-intervention, dans lequel une situation de crise, caractérisée par un désalignement entre les actes élémentaires étudiés et le dispositif de management mis en place par l'entreprise, a pu être étudiée. Ce cas illustre un phénomène plus général où les dispositifs de management produisent des effets pervers sur la dynamique des compétences et sur l'adhésion des individus à de tels projets collectifs et expliquent l'infélicité de certains actes performatifs. |
| Keywords: | Management instrument,Dispositif,critical management studies,Performativity |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01609172&r=ppm |
| By: | Hegadekatti, Kartik |
| Abstract: | The cost of landing man on Mars is estimated to be $500 billion. This kind of investment is difficult for a single nation to achieve. Moreover space exploration involves innumerable aspects of high technical expertise and thus demands sustained international collaboration. Space exploration projects span many years. It calls for uniformity in policies and reliable funding over long periods of time. Due to the high cost and technical skills involved, poor and developing countries cannot afford space programs. To address all of these concerns and other related issues we need to establish an entity which can provide solutions to problems involving various aspects (especially economic) of space exploration. This paper proposes the establishment of such an entity, IBSES: International Bank for Space Exploration and Sciences, and evaluates the various factors that can make this possible. |
| Keywords: | space exploration, mars mission, moon mission, astronomy, science |
| JEL: | F02 F21 F53 F55 G15 G21 G24 G32 |
| Date: | 2017–03–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:82860&r=ppm |
| By: | Ugur, Mehmet |
| Abstract: | Direct and indirect public support (subsidies and tax relief) for business R&D in the UK is higher than most other OECD countries. Nevertheless, total business R&D expenditure as percentage of GDP in the UK (1.7%) is relatively low compared to OECD countries (2.43%). This policy brief summarizes the findings from an ESRC-funded research project on productivity and employment effects of R&D investment; and on whether direct public support has had additionality effects in terms of increasing the funded firms’ R&D investment. The findings suggest that the bot the effects of R&D on productivity and employment and the effect of subsidies on private R&D effort are heterogeneous and non-linear. Therefore, we call for well-targeted R&D subsidies, new conditionality clauses taking account of past performance, and industry-specific targets for R&D investment. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; R&D; Employment; Productivity; Public Policy |
| JEL: | D24 J23 O30 O32 O38 |
| Date: | 2018–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gpe:wpaper:19096&r=ppm |