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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Maria Perrotta Berlin; Evelina Bonnier; Anders Olofsgård |
| Abstract: | In this paper we analyse the impact of foreign aid on gender outcomes and attitudes. We do this by matching geocoded household surveys with aid projects. This offers a middle way between project evaluations and aggregated cross-country comparisons, measuring an average community effect around projects. We find increased opportunities for women to work outside the household, which could strengthen their bargaining power. However, we find mixed results in terms of the impact on women’s control over other key areas of their lives. We argue this is related to differences in what is required for change to happen at the community level. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2017-130&r=ppm |
| By: | Ben R. Martin |
| Abstract: | In recent years, the term 'policy instrument' has been used more frequently with regard to R&D policy and innovation policy. What does this term mean? Where did it come from? What do we know about it, both with regard to the general field of policy studies but also in the specific context of R&D policy? This article examines the development of the notion of policy instruments as part of a body of research known as 'policy design'. Over the last 50 years, there has been substantial progress in setting policy design on a more systematic basis, with the development of established concepts and analytical frameworks, including various taxonomies of policy instruments. However, with just a few exceptions, this body of research seems to have had little impact in the world of R&D policy. The paper reviews the literature on R&D policy instruments. It identifies a number of challenges for R&D policy instruments in the light of four transitions – the shift from linear to systemic thinking about R&D and innovation, the shift from national governments to multi-level governance, the shift from individual actors to collaborations and networks, and the shift from individual policies to policy mixes. It sets out a research agenda for the study of R&D policy instruments, before ending with a number of conclusions. |
| Keywords: | Policy instruments; R&D policy; policy design; policy mix |
| JEL: | O38 I28 H11 D78 E61 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbr:cbrwps:wp476&r=ppm |
| By: | Akanksha Ritesh; Rajesh Mehrotra |
| Abstract: | This study investigated a common phenomena of present day burning issues of various organization related with the question that Why do Indian Software professionals leave their organizations? Due to cut throat competition the retention of employees has emerged as a vital issue for software industries. Due to turnover tendency of employees companies are suffering with not only to lose their employees financially infact in day to day future and in house confidentiality of projects along with customer and image building dents are also become a security threat to them in order to sustain their smooth functioning and growth. In this paper researcher has tried to analysis the concept and other associated factors in the light of various dimensions which play an important role to affect the same. Researcher has also thrown light on the concept of Innovative attributes of employee Relationship Management through which the bond of both employees and employers can be strengthened to act as a bridge between the both. Key Words: Innovative Practices, Employee Relationship Management, Dimensions of ERM, Packages of ERM etc. Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vor:issues:2017-06-11&r=ppm |