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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Kruize, Jan Willem; Goense, Daan; Wolfert, Sjaak; Verdouw, Cor N.; Scholten, Huub; Beulens, Adrie J.M. |
| Abstract: | Farm enterprises2 The objective of this paper is to describe a farm information model and a proof of concept that demonstrates how a collaborative Business Process for farming can be configured using this farm information model. Knowledge to develop this model and a proof of concept is obtained by case study research focusing on the collaborative Business Processes of spraying and crop protection of potatoes against late blight disease. need to collaborate with numerous actors that are part of Agri-Food Supply Chain Networks (AFSCNs) such as governments, advisory services, contractors, processors, input providers and certification bodies. This collaboration is required to produce food in a more sustainable, safe and transparent manner. To collaborate efficiently and effectively, information needs to be shared within collaborative Business Processes. The information sharing within such collaborative Business Processes should be supported by an ICT infrastructure consisting of interoperable ICT Components. Currently, most of the available ICT Components are not interoperable, hindering data exchange between ICT Components of various vendors. Consequently, this situation is hindering optimization of farm production processes and collaboration in AFSCNs. Therefore, a platform, called FIspace, is being established for multiple domains that support the development and configuration of interoperable ICT Components into a system that is able to support collaborative farm Business Processes. To develop interoperable ICT Components and configure these in an easy and flexible manner to support farm enterprises, a farm information model is, amongst other models, required.The presented farm information reference model is able to describe the relations between a farm enterprise and its collaborators, the Business Processes related to the supporting ICT Components and the data messages for data exchange between ICT Components. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa144:206239&r=ppm |
| By: | Rennaly Patricio Sousa; Fabiano Mezadre Pompermayer |
| Abstract: | Este trabalho analisa o efeito de deficiências nos processos de elaboração, avaliação e seleção de projetos de investimento em infraestrutura sobre as fases de implantação e operação desses projetos. A metodologia adotada foi identificar boas práticas de elaboração, avaliação e seleções de projetos na literatura e nas experiências internacional e nacional, pública e privada, e daí confrontar com as práticas adotadas nos seis estudos de casos elencados no projeto de pesquisa do Ipea intitulado Condicionantes institucionais ao investimento em infraestrutura. Pelos casos, pode-se observar que quando a tomada de decisão pela execução do projeto foi feita com base em estudos muito preliminares, sem um processo robusto de avaliação e seleção de alternativas e de identificação de riscos, a implantação do projeto sofreu diversos atrasos e aumentos dos custos em relação aos previstos. Em alguns casos, sequer foi possível identificar se havia alguma avaliação formal de benefícios e custos. Apesar do pequeno número de casos estudados, tal conclusão é confirmada pela teoria de gestão de projetos. Entretanto, vale ressaltar que uma melhor elaboração, avaliação e seleção de projetos é condição necessária, mas não suficiente para o sucesso na implementação de projetos de infraestrutura. Foi possível, também, identificar o elevado potencial impacto de incertezas em questões ambientais, de desapropriação, de impactos sociais locais e regionais e de contratação de obras públicas sobre o desempenho dos projetos. This paper analyzes the effect that shortcomings in the processes of “development, evaluation and selection of project” investments in infrastructure produce on the deployment and operation of these projects. The methodology adopted was to identify best practices in project development, evaluation and selection from literature and national and international experience, public and private, and then compare with the practices adopted in the six case studies listed in the research project of Ipea entitled “Institutional constraints to infrastructure investment”. In some cases, it can be observed that when the decision making for the implementation of the project was based on very preliminary studies, without a robust process of evaluation and selection of alternatives and risk identification, the implementation of the project suffered several delays and increases in costs against the expected. In some cases, it was not possible to identify if there was any formal assessment of benefits and costs. Despite the small number of cases studied, this conclusion is confirmed by the project management theory. However, it is noteworthy that a better preparation, evaluation and selection of projects is necessary but not sufficient for success in the implementation of infrastructure projects. It was also possible to identify the high potential impact of uncertainty of issues in environmental, expropriation, local and regional social impacts and contracting of public works on the performance of projects. |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2239&r=ppm |
| By: | Raphael Amorim Machado |
| Abstract: | Este texto tem como objetivo descrever o processo de implementação da ferrovia Transnordestina, que é parte do projeto Condicionantes Institucionais à Execução do Investimento em Infraestrutura no Brasil. Busca-se responder às seguintes perguntas: i) que fatores de ordem institucional condicionaram o ritmo de execução do projeto da ferrovia Transnordestina?; e ii) que inovações institucionais foram utilizadas para a consecução do projeto? Estas perguntas estruturam o texto em torno de uma lista de variáveis de análise institucionais, as quais foram verificadas durante o processo de pesquisa. A construção da ferrovia encontra-se atrasada em relação ao prazo de conclusão previsto inicialmente, 2010, tendo havido também um expressivo aumento no valor de sua implantação. O texto aponta que diversos problemas surgiram durante as fases de planejamento e execução do projeto. Uma das conclusões da pesquisa é que o não conhecimento das dificuldades de implementação do projeto estendeu seu prazo de conclusão, assim como elevou seu custo financeiro, social e ambiental. This paper describes the implementation process of the Transnordestina Railway, which has been built under the scope of the Institutional Constraints on Implementation of Investment in Infrastructure project in Brazil. It looks for answering questions as such: Which institutional factors conditioned the implementation pace of the Transnordestina Railway project? What are the institutional innovations that were used to start up the project? These questions organize up the text around a list of institutional analysis variables, which were detected during the research process. The railway construction is lagging from its initial completion date of 2010 and its implementation value rised up. The text points out that many problems have arisen during the stages of planning and execution of the project. One of the research fidings is that the lack of knowledge about the implementation difficulties extended the project completion deadline, such as increased its financial, social and environmental cost. |
| Date: | 2016–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2251&r=ppm |
| By: | Burke, Paul J. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines economic challenges faced by Australia’s Direct Action abatement subsidy scheme. Introduced in 2014, the scheme operates by reverse auction, funding projects voluntarily proposed by the private sector. Because the government cannot know true project counterfactuals, the lowest auction bids are likely to often be non-additional “anyway” projects. The scheme is hence likely to exhibit a systematic skew toward low-quality abatement. The paper presents a model of the adverse selection problem and describes the early experience with Direct Action. A discussion of a way forward is also provided. |
| Keywords: | Abatement subsidy, adverse selection, emissions, climate, Australia, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q58, Q52, D82, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ancewp:249524&r=ppm |
| By: | Sebők, András; Gyuró, Ágnes; Baár, Csaba; Hegyi, Adrienn |
| Abstract: | For the development of new biodegradable packaging materials and decision support tools, expectations, requirements and knowledge of different disciplines need to be harmonized and integrated. Within the EU funded EcoBioCAP project a systematic approach was applied. Packaging development brief was developed, technical and consumer survey was carried out. Specifications are used as a starting point for carrying out the research tasks in a harmonized way. For a systematic approach for setting the targets of the research and considering technical requirements and consumers needs, the use of these management tools is essential in the early phase of the research and development projects. |
| Keywords: | management tools, packaging material, biodegradable, specification, packaging development brief, Agribusiness, |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa144:206216&r=ppm |