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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Hernandez, Manuel A.; Torero, Máximo |
| Abstract: | Development projects are generally subject to a potential tradeoff between sustainability and poverty reduction. Grants are also commonly assigned without a standardized criterion. This paper proposes an innovative scoring tool that combines both a risk and poverty scorecard to prioritize lending and grant allocation. We implement and test the instrument through a competitive fund for demand-driven projects in Central America intended to better link smallholder farmers to markets and improve their welfare. The evaluation results show that the highest-ranked projects generally have a larger economic impact on their beneficiaries than lower-ranked projects. We observe a larger effect on income, access to credit,and access to local markets, and the relative differences are stronger over time. The proposed scorecard tool is intended to better ensure the accountability and sustainability of development funds and can be easily adapted to different contexts |
| Keywords: | poverty, risk, credit, finance, poverty scoring, risk scoring, lending, grant allocation, development projects, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1518&r=ppm |
| By: | David M. Brogan; Elias Mossialos |
| Abstract: | Over the past year, two major policy initiatives have been introduced focusing on stimulating antibiotic development for human consumption. The European Investment Bank has announced the development of the Infectious Disease Financing Facility (IDFF) and the British government commissioned the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, led by Jim O’Neill. Each constitutes a major effort by the European community to address the evolving crisis of antimicrobial resistance. Though both have similar goals, the approaches are unique and worthy of consideration. This manuscript utilizes a previously published framework for evaluation of antibiotic incentive plans to clearly identify the strengths and weaknesses of each proposal. The merits of each proposal are evaluated in how they satisfy four key objectives: 1) Improve the overall net present value (NPV) for new antibiotic projects; 2) Enable greater participation of Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SME); 3) Encourage participation by large pharmaceutical companies; 4) Facilitate cooperation and synergy across the antibiotic market. The IDFF seeks to make forgivable loans to corporations with promising compounds, while the O’Neill group proposes a more comprehensive framework of early stage funding, along with the creation of a stable global market. Ultimately, the proposals may prove complementary and if implemented together may form a more comprehensive plan to address an impending global crisis. Substantial progress will only be made on these efforts if action is taken at an international level, therefore we recommend consideration of these efforts at the upcoming G20 summit. |
| Keywords: | International Disease Financing Facility; review of antimicrobial resistance; antibiotic development |
| JEL: | F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2016–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:66237&r=ppm |
| By: | Bargain, Olivier; Cardebat, Jean-Marie; Vignolles, Alexandra |
| Abstract: | Crowdfunding has recently emerged as a novel way of financing new ventures. This coincides with a growing interest in wine as an investment good and with a search for new funding opportunities by wine makers. In this study, we first suggest a brief review of the literature on wine and finance as well as on how crowdfunding is entering the wine sector. In particular, we question who are the potential investors willing to engage in wine crowdfunded projects, and what kind of revenue could attract them. To go further, we also exploit an original survey where interviewees are asked about their wine consumption and purchase, their knowledge about crowdfunding, their relation to the Internet, their investment and project related to wine crowdfunding and their expectations concerning the returns from this type of contribution. We suggest that, among all forms of crowdfunding, the donation/voluntary contribution side, driven by intrinsic motivation, is likely to remain marginal compared to crowdfunding as an investment or a form of early purchase - a retail form of the “en primeur” sales. More generally, we ask how the public can help finance this sector and diversify the way wine is sold. |
| Keywords: | crowdfunding, wine sector, alternative assets, Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, G11, G12, L17, G21, L26, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aawewp:234638&r=ppm |
| By: | Davide Luca |
| Abstract: | Despite a significant amount of research, literature continues to produce contrasting predictions on how, and when, public bureaucracies may enhance or constrain policy effectiveness. On the one hand, developmental state research has stressed the importance of bureaucrats’ autonomy from politics, particularly in emerging economies. On the other hand, public choice literature has called for strong oversight by politicians over the bureaus. The paper contributes to this debate by analysing Turkey’s contemporary public investment management. It offers a detailed exploration of how economic bureaucracy’s characteristics contributed to ‘sound’ investment management. The analysis draws on in-depth elite interviews. The results suggest that the existence of a capable and authoritative organisation directing the project cycle has positively contributed to the technical management of investments. Empirical evidence also indicates that this organisation is insufficiently insulated vis-à-vis government; its ability to implement ‘sound’ policies is therefore contingent on the political context. Nevertheless, the analysis also uncovers significant resistance of the bureaucrats against measures which would increase bureaucratic efficiency and transparency. Overall, the findings suggest that bureaucratic autonomy and accountability play an equally relevant role in determining policy effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | bureaucracies, policy effectiveness, public goods, EU Candidate Countries, Turkey |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eiq:eileqs:109&r=ppm |
| By: | Balangue, Tonie O. |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the National Greening Program (NGP) process as implemented in the field and the environmental impacts. The municipalities of Sta. Cruz in Zambales, Basilisa in Dinagat Island, and Hinobaan in Negros Occidental were randomly selected from all the NGP sites. The methodology employed consisted of key informant interviews and focus group discussions for the survey, mapping, and planning (SMP); assessment of capability building, plantation quality assurance, seedling production, planting, and protection and maintenance; and actual impact measurements on the ground through sampling. Results showed that the required NGP processes were not fully complied with. However, the required survival rates of 85 percent were satisfied through replanting. The environmental impacts were gaining positive momentum through reduced temperature, soil build-up, soil fertility, soil moisture, wildlife, stumpage build-up, and carbon sequestration. Impacts on disaster risk reduction and climate change fell short due to lack of a suitable design. Recommendations to further improve NGP implementation include, among others, conduct of a full-blown SMP and feasibility study, compliance to required processes and standards, inclusion of a reforestation access road, linking reforestation to a business plan, and capability building of reforestation partners. |
| Keywords: | Philippines, National Greening Program (NGP), reforestation, survival rates, disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation/mitigation |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:rpseri:dp_2016-11&r=ppm |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (East Asia Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (East Asia Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) |
| Abstract: | Achieving deep decarbonization of the heavily coal-based energy system of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) while maintaining gross domestic product growth at an acceptable rate requires additional efforts beyond the strengthening of energy efficiency and the further introduction of renewable energy. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an essential low-carbon option for the PRC. It is currently the only near-commercial system of technologies that offers medium-to long-term opportunities to make very deep cuts in carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and power plants based on coal (and other fossil fuels), while enabling the continued utilization of coal in a low-carbon way for such major applications. Drawing on relevant technical assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), consultants’ reports, and the work of ADB staff, this report assesses the potential, the barriers, and the challenges in developing CCS in the PRC and recommends necessary policy actions during the 13th Five-Year Plan and the medium term to facilitate CCS demonstration and deployment. |
| Keywords: | co2, co2 emissions, carbon dioxide emissions, ghg, energy efficiency, prc emissions, ccs, fossil fuels, energy security, renewable energy, coal, power generation, low carbon technologies, climate change, low-carbon economy, carbon capture |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rpt157521-2&r=ppm |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (South Asia Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (South Asia Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) |
| Abstract: | The Improving Connectivity to Support Livelihoods and Gender Equality project (JFPR 9143) sought to to improve connectivity and quality of life of conflict-affected and isolated poor communities in selected districts of the Eastern and North Central provinces of Sri Lanka, and supported the rehabilitation of over 290 kilometers of rural access roads. |
| Keywords: | sri lanka, gender equality, women's livelihoods, sri lankan women, road connectivity, access to markets, access to education, health care access, vulnerability analysis, rural transportation, jfpr grant 9143, adb grants, conflict-affected communities, trincomalee, batticaloa, anuradhapura, polonnaruwa |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rpt157689&r=ppm |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (South Asia Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (South Asia Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) |
| Abstract: | The North East Coastal Community Development Project aimed to improve sustainable livelihood and natural resource management in poor coastal communities, and Component B of the Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project, which was designed to provide an emergency response to urgent post-tsunami reconstruction challenges. |
| Keywords: | tsunami-affected areas, sri lanka tsunami, neccdp, rebuilding, living conditions, social infrastructure, public services, rural development, livelihood development, women's participation, gender equality, gender mainstreaming, adb loan 2167, adb loan 2027 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rpt157688&r=ppm |