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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Vidya Atal (Monclair State University); Talia Bar (University of Connecticut); Sidartha Gordon (Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | We examine project selection decisions of rms constrained in the number of projects they can handle at once. Taking on a project requires a commitment of uncertain duration, restricting the rm from selecting another project in subsequent periods. Due to the capacity constraints and need for commitment, some positive return projects are rejected. In a sequential move dynamic game, we fi nd that the first mover strategically rejects some projects that are then selected by the second mover, even when both fi rms are symmetric and equally informed. We study the effects of competition on project selection, and compare the jointly optimal selection decision to the behavior of strategic non-cooperative firms. |
| Keywords: | project selection, search, commitment, Markov perfect equilibrium |
| JEL: | L10 L13 D21 |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uct:uconnp:2014-28&r=ppm |
| By: | Anne Casati (Ressource-Conseil - Ressource-Conseil); Corine Genet (MTS - Management Technologique et Strategique - Grenoble École de Management (GEM)) |
| Abstract: | Although Principal Investigators are key actors in scientific fields, there is little focus on what they actually do in shaping new scientific directions. This paper studies PIs practices to better understand their roles. Our central contribution is to identify the different ways in which PIs engage themselves in science, in implementing four main practices: 'focusing in scientific discipline', 'innovating and problem solving', 'shaping new paradigms and models' and 'brokering science'. While 'focusing' and 'innovating' remain close to project management, 'shaping' and 'brokering' look more like entrepreneurial activities, shaping new horizons, reshaping boundaries between subfields and among organizations. External orientations to how they engage in different practices shapes PIs roles to articulate different worlds and to reshape the boundaries of organizations, knowledge and markets. Studying PIs' practices and their combinations advances our knowledge about their roles in managing the interplay between science policies and scientific agendas more effectively highlighting their role as scientific entrepreneurs. |
| Keywords: | Principal investigator; scientific entrepreneur; practices; engagement. boundary, career path, role; position. |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00756165&r=ppm |
| By: | Annalisa Caloffi; Federica Rossi; Margherita Russo |
| Abstract: | Greater understanding of what factors promote the formation of innovation networks and their successful performance would help policymakers improve the design of policy interventions aimed at funding R&D projects to be carried out by networks of innovators. In this paper, we focus on the organizations that can play the role of intermediaries in the networks, facilitating the involvement of other participants and promoting communication and knowledge flows within the network. Based on an original empirical dataset, capturing the relationships between organizations involved in a set of publicly-funded programmes in support of innovation networks, we have tried to identify what are the main features of different types of intermediaries based on an analysis of their positions within networks of relationships. We have observed that agents that occupy broker positions – linking agents that are not connected to each other – are more likely to be found in technologically turbulent environments, while the agents that occupy intercohesive positions – bridging cohesive communities of network agents – operate in more stable contexts. Intermediaries in general are more likely to be local governments. However, besides this, it is not possible to clearly identify organizations that, by nature, are more likely to be either brokers or intercohesive agents: different innovation networks may require different organizations to mediate relationships between the other participants. |
| Keywords: | Innovation policy, innovation networks, social network analysis, intermediaries, brokers, intercohesion |
| JEL: | D85 O31 O32 O38 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mod:dembwp:0030&r=ppm |
| By: | Sara Amoroso Author-1-Name-First: Sara Author-1-Name-Last: Amoroso (European Commission JRC-IPTS) |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates the barriers to collaboration in terms of hidden transaction costs, by deriving the distribution of the operating costs and sunk costs associated with firms’ investment choices in R&D and innovation activities with or without a research partner. To retrieve both fixed and sunk costs of R&D and innovation activities with or without a research partner, we develop and estimate a structural dynamic monopoly model to quantify the linkages between R&D spending, innovation and cooperation investment choices, and endogenous productivity. We find that the sunk costs of innovations are smaller when collaborating with a research partner; the probability to spend in R&D or to innovate increases with the level of productivity, when collaborating in R&D and innovation; finally, we find that the sunk costs of innovation are 1.5 to 3 times smaller than the sunk costs of R&D. Additionally, the suggested structural framework of firm heterogeneity in cost functions offers a straightforward extension to policy impact evaluation. |
| Keywords: | R&D cooperation, transaction costs, dynamic structural model. |
| JEL: | D22 D23 L14 L60 O32 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:wpaper:201402&r=ppm |
| By: | Margherita Russo; Valentina Fiordelmondo; Antonio Kaulard; Paola Mengoli; Anna Natali; Francesco Silvestri |
| Abstract: | The project "Leve_Network of competences, education and innovation in the Province of Livorno" is a study to support the design of innovation policies. The social and economic context under consideration is the Province of Livorno (Italy). The research draws on the experience of actionresearch of Officina Emilia (UniMORE ). In order to exploit existing production and training synergies and at the same time to track down new lines of interaction and collaboration, we have adopted the innovation model of Lane and Maxfield (1997). The theoretical foundations of this study see innovation as a process that emerges from generative relationships, ie relationships between heterogeneous actors who share a vision that lead to changes in the way they see themselves, their world and those with whom they relate, resulting in innovations that are characterized as new attributions of functionalities to artifacts or new identity of agents (individuals as well as organizations). These changes are often cumulative, and create the conditions for new generative relationships. These interaction processes include several cognitive elements, as well as social, technical, economic and political elements, which involve different levels of social organization and occur in different time scales. The dynamics of innovation processes, stimulated by these patterns of interactions are also constrained by the presence of institutions that: create links between agents and organizations, with similar or complementary skills; encourage the reproduction of regulatory systems and dissemination of shared codes of communication; produce public goods important to the economic and social system. |
| Keywords: | reti di competenze, sviluppo locale, Livorno, istruzione e formazione |
| JEL: | R58 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mod:dembwp:0023&r=ppm |
| By: | Andrea Bonilla (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - CNRS : UMR5824 - Université Lumière - Lyon II - École Normale Supérieure (ENS) - Lyon - PRES Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL)) |
| Abstract: | Since 2000, South American economies have undertaken several regional projects to eliminate socioeconomic inequalities and improve citizens' living standards. This study evaluates the convergence in real GDP per-capita, as a suitable proxy measure, of 10 Unasur members, namely Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Venezuela, for the period 1951-2011. By relying on cointegration techniques and applying Bernard and Durlauf's (1995) stochastic definitions of convergence and common trends, the presented evidence supports the existence of common long-run trends driving output in South America, meaning that the region is involved in a dynamic process of convergence in living standards. |
| Keywords: | Cointegration; Convergence; Economic integration; South America; Unasur |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01069353&r=ppm |
| By: | Thuzar, Moe (Asian Development Bank Institute); Mishra, Rahul (Asian Development Bank Institute); Hutchinson, Francis (Asian Development Bank Institute); Than, Tin Maung Maung (Asian Development Bank Institute); Chalermpalanupap, Termsak (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | With closer regional integration there is increasing interest within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and on the part of ASEAN's dialogue partners in the potential gains of closer connections between Southeast Asia and South Asia. The strategic positions of India, Myanmar, and Thailand provide the basis and scope for implementing multi-modal connectivity projects, for building upon and improving existing infrastructure and processes for cross-border connectivity in trade. With outward-looking policies in the various subregions that seek to link their economies closer than ever, the ASEAN and South Asian countries are presented with a wide array of options at the bilateral, subregional, and regional levels that can be pursued in partnership under the different frameworks for cooperation. The role of regional entities such as the Asian Development Bank is also important to consider. This paper assesses the political economy and other implications of cross-border connectivity between South and Southeast Asia, and suggests practicable options for moving forward. |
| Keywords: | south asia and southeast asia; political economy; institutions; implementation challenges |
| JEL: | F55 H77 H87 O19 P48 R11 |
| Date: | 2014–10–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0501&r=ppm |