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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Gastón A. Addati |
| Abstract: | Pareciera que gestionar proyectos y liderar equipos a la distancia es lo que se avecina para los próximos tiempos, y tal vez podamos atribuir esta tendencia a las corporaciones o empresas, que instaladas en el territorio de la Argentina, utilizan recursos locales para implementar proyectos en otros países, donde el tipo de cambio (Dólar) es más que favorable para estos negocios, me refiero a Pagar salarios en Pesos Argentinos y Cobrar contratos en Dólares Americanos. Pero no hay que descuidar las tendencias en otros países, donde la situación cambiaria/financiera no es la misma que en Argentina. Es por ello, que también existen casos de empresas multinacionales que lideran proyectos regionales, y casos de empresas que por cuestiones de costos, hacen uso de las herramientas informáticas de avanzada (videoconferencias, chats, telefonía ip) para bajar los costos operativos, de logística y de recursos humanos. En la Argentina, en materia de Metodologías para la Administración de Proyectos, puede notarse que la organización con más presencia es sin duda el PMI –Project Management Institute. El PMI es una organización con alcance internacional y posee miles de personas “Certificadas” en Materia de Dirección de Proyectos o Project Management, e incluso posee distintos tipos de certificaciones, para diferenciar a 2 personas especializadas en otras disciplinas como Program Management, Risk Management, entre otras. Si bien la metodología que establece el PMI no se encuentra focalizada únicamente para el ámbito de la Tecnología Informática, la misma puede aplicarse a otros ámbitos como por ejemplo la Construcción, la Ingeniería Espacial, la medicina, entre otros, pero existen otros organismos como PRINCE2 o CMMi que si se focalizan en una rama particular como la Ingeniería del Software. A lo largo de este trabajo se pretende focalizar en las metodologías del Project Management Institute (PMI), y en la metodología PRINCE2. Luego de analizar ambas metodologías en referencia a su modo tradicional de gestión, se analizará cómo aplica ambas metodologías el modelo de gestión de proyectos con equipos de trabajo distribuidos geográficamente en distintos países. Por último se propone un modelo adaptado de gestión a distancia, para minimizar los problemas detectados en la investigación que se ha realizado. |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cem:doctra:527&r=ppm |
| By: | Bohringer, Christoph; Rutherford, Thomas F.; Springmannc, Marco |
| Abstract: | The Clean Development Mechanism established under the Kyoto Protocol allows industrialized Annex I countries to offset part of their domestic emissions by investing in emissions-reduction projects in developing non-Annex I countries. Computable general equilibrium analysis of the Clean Development Mechanism's impacts so far mimics the Clean Development Mechanism as a sector emissions trading scheme, thereby overstating its potential to save climate change mitigation costs. This study develops a novel approach that represents the Clean Development Mechanism more realistically by compensating Clean Development Mechanism implementing sectors for additional abatement cost and by endogenizing Clean Development Mechanism credits as a function of investment. Compared with previous representations, the proposed approach is more consistent in its incentive structure and investment characteristics at the sector level. An empirical application of the new methodology demonstrates that the economy-wide cost savings from the Clean Development Mechanism tend to be lower than suggested by conventional modeling approaches while Clean Development Mechanism implementing sectors do not lose in output. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change Economics,Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases,Energy Production and Transportation,Economic Theory&Research,Environment and Energy Efficiency |
| Date: | 2013–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6720&r=ppm |
| By: | Hottenrott, Hanna; Lopes-Bento, Cindy |
| Abstract: | This study analyses the impact and effectiveness of targeted public support for R&D investment at the firm level. We test whether the policy design aiming at incentivizing (international) collaboration and R&D in SMEs achieves input as well as output additionality. Our results show that the targeted public subsidies trigger R&D spending, especially so in internationally collaborating SMEs. We further evaluate the different impact of privately financed and publicly-induced R&D investment on innovation performance. The results confirm that the publicly-induced R&D is productive as it translates into marketable product innovations. While both types of R&D investments trigger significant output effects, the effect of policyinduced R&D investment on sales from market novelties is highest for international collaborators as well as for SMEs. -- |
| Keywords: | Public Innovation Policy,Subsidies,R&D,SMEs,International Collaboration,Treatment Effects |
| JEL: | C14 C30 H23 O31 O38 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:121&r=ppm |
| By: | Hottenrott, Hanna; Lopes-Bento, Cindy |
| Abstract: | This study shows for a large sample of R&D-active manufacturing firms over the period 2000-2009 that knowledge alliances have a positive effect on patenting in terms of both quantity and quality. However, when distinguishing between alliances that aim at joint creation of new knowledge and alliances that aim at the exchange of knowledge, results suggest that creation alliances lead to more valuable patents as they receive significantly more forward citations per patent. Knowledge exchange alliances, on the other hand, are associated with patent quantity, but not quality. -- |
| Keywords: | Knowledge Alliances,Patents,Innovation,R&D,Count Data Models |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:122&r=ppm |
| By: | Campos, J. Edgardo; Randrianarivelo, Benjamina; Winning, Kay |
| Abstract: | The international development community has been grappling with the challenges of implementing development programs and, consequently, with the design of practical approaches to attaining program objectives. This paper contributes to the emerging discussion on addressing the implementation capacity gap in developing countries. It presents the post-conflict experience of Burundi in building the capacity of its public sector to deliver basic services and demonstrates a practical approach to implementing what has been called problem-driven iterative adaptation. The Leadership for Results approach shows that a results-focused process of learning through disciplined experimentation enables local officials and stakeholders to more willingly learn and adopt new ways of doing things. This approach can be structured to address the time inconsistency between a development program and political or electoral concerns, both of which are critical to overcome implementation challenges. |
| Keywords: | Public Sector Corruption&Anticorruption Measures,E-Business,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Banks&Banking Reform,Teaching and Learning |
| Date: | 2013–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6717&r=ppm |
| By: | Sean Snyder |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the nature of complexity theory and its applications for educational reform. It briefly explains the history of complexity theory and identifies the key concepts of complex adaptive systems, and then moves on to define the differences between simple, complicated, and complex approaches to educational reform. Special attention is given to work currently underway in the fields of healthcare, emergency management and ecology that draws on complexity theory to build more resilient and robust response systems capable of adapting to changing needs and of identifying key pressure points in the system. Finally, this paper presents several examples of educational reform programmes undertaken worldwide that have implemented complexity theory principles to achieve positive results. It also recommends involving multiple stakeholders across the different levels of governance structure, increasing lateral knowledge-sharing between schools and districts, and transforming policy interventions to bring greater flexibility to the reform process. This move toward feedback-driven adaptive reform allows for better targeting of programmes to specific contexts and may prove a key way forward for educational policymakers. |
| Date: | 2013–12–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:eduaab:96-en&r=ppm |
| By: | Pollermann, Kim |
| Abstract: | Biosphärenreservate bieten einen Rahmen für Prozesse zur nachhaltigen Regionalentwicklung. Durch das Beispiel des Biosphärenreservats Jeju Island sowie einen internationalen Vergleich werden Hinweise für eine erfolgversprechende Ausgestaltung aufgezeigt. Nach einem Überblick zum Vorgehen der Untersuchungen werden zunächst die spezifischen Rahmenbedingungen in Süd-Korea sowie das Biosphärenreservat Jeju Island vorgestellt. Daraufhin werden empirische Ergebnisse im Vergleich mit deutschen und britischen Biosphärenreservaten dargelegt und schließlich Empfehlungen abgeleitet. -- Biosphere reserves as a category for integrative protected areas can serve as a suitable framework for promoting sustainable regional development and supporting nature conservation. As the practical implementation of the theoretical approach is very different across the world, an international comparison is useful to create more knowledge about adequate solutions for typical problems like a lack of acceptance or organizing participation. The introduction to boundary conditions in South-Korea and their impact on environmental awareness is followed by the description of the biosphere reserve Jeju Island including an analysis of the project implementation eight years after the decision on a management plan. Then an international comparison is presented using empirical results from Jeju Island as well as from case studies in the UK and Germany. The development in Jeju Island shows common features with the European case studies. At the end of the report similarities and differences are discussed. Conclusions are given concerning the creation of a positive image of the biosphere reserves and how to set priorities in capacity building. In this context education for sustainable development and the organisation of participation should play a crucial role. |
| Keywords: | Biosphärenreservat,Korea,Regionalentwicklung,Governance,Naturschutz,Kooperation |
| JEL: | Q3 Q5 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esrepo:88447&r=ppm |