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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Nishimura, Junichi; Okamuro, Hiroyuki |
| Abstract: | R&D consortia (collaborative R&D projects among private firms, universities, and public research institutes) have been attracting increasing attention as an effective means of promoting innovation. Especially for SMEs, such collaboration provides important opportunities to access and obtain advanced scientific knowledge generated by universities and public research institutes. It is expected that not only the participants in R&D consortia will enhance their performance, through direct knowledge spillovers, but also that the business partners of consortia members may enjoy indirect effects (rent spillovers), through their business transactions. This paper empirically examines the spillover effects through government-sponsored R&D consortia using firm-level data and the propensity score method. Focusing on a major support program for R&D consortia in Japan, the “Consortium R&D Project for Regional Revitalization” by METI, we confirm that there are both direct (knowledge) spillover effects from firms’ participation in this program and indirect (rent) spillover effects on the customer firms of the consortia members. Moreover, by comparing SMEs and large firms, we find that only SMEs obtain knowledge spillovers in R&D consortia, whereas, among their customers, only large firms enjoy rent spillovers. |
| Keywords: | R&D consortia, business transaction, knowledge spillover, rent spillover, SME, policy evaluation |
| JEL: | H25 L53 O32 O38 |
| Date: | 2013–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:cinwps:24&r=ppm |
| By: | Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock (VU University Amsterdam); Ming Ming Chiu (University at Buffalo – SUNY); Zhike Lei (ESMT European School of Management and Technology); Simone Kauffeld (Technische Universität Braunschweig) |
| Abstract: | Positivity in the workplace has been heralded to produce individual, social and organizational benefits. Although we know more about how positivity “broadens” and “builds” within individuals, little research has explicitly studied how positivity naturally occurs and dynamically unfolds in the flow of team interactions. This study aims to address this research gap by integrating existing knowledge on team processes with the notions of emotional cycles and “energy-in-conversation.” We observed meeting interactions of 43 frontline problem solving teams and analyzed a sample of 43,139 coded individual utterances from these teams. Using statistical discourse analysis (SDA) to model multi-level dynamics over time, we found that early positive and solution-focused interactions could send teams down a path of eliciting more “upward spirals”, thus more positivity. We also found that speaker switches added more positivity to team interactions both directly and by strengthening the positive effects of early positive and solution-focused interactions on subsequent positivity occurring in team interactions. Additionally and importantly, we found that overall positivity has positive implications for team performance. We discuss both theoretical and managerial implications of our findings. |
| Keywords: | dynamic positivity, team processes, team interactions, problem-solving, dynamic multi-level modeling, statistical discourse analysis |
| Date: | 2013–02–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esm:wpaper:esmt-13-02&r=ppm |
| By: | Robin Lindsey (Sauder - Sauder School of Business [British Columbia] - University of British Columbia); André De Palma (ENS Cachan - Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan - École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan) |
| Abstract: | According to the seminal Cost Recovery Theorem the revenues from congestion tolls pay for the capacity costs of an optimal-sized facility if capacity is perfectly divisible, and if user costs and capacity costs have constant scale economies. This paper extends the Theorem to long-run uncertainty about investment costs, user costs, and demand. It proves that if constant scale economies hold at all times and in all states, and if the toll can be varied freely over time and by state, then expected discounted toll revenues cover expected discounted investment costs over a facility's lifetime. If the marginal cost of investment is constant and investment is reversible, then expected cost recovery is also achieved for each investment. Cost recovery is quite sensitive to estimated initial demand, and moderately sensitive to the estimated growth rate of demand. Natural variability in demand can result in substantial surpluses or deficits over a facility's lifetime. |
| Keywords: | Congestion pricing; cost recovery; road capacity; cost uncertainty; demand uncertainty; irreversible investment |
| Date: | 2013–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00784299&r=ppm |
| By: | Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - CNRS : UMR5593 - Université Lumière - Lyon II - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat); Bruno Faivre D'Arcier (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - CNRS : UMR5593 - Université Lumière - Lyon II - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat); Josep-Maria Salanova Grau (Hellenic Institute or Transport - Center of Research and Technologie Hellas); Tiphaine Hervé (Interface Transport - Interface Transport); Fernando Zubillaga (Mobility and Logistics Cluster Euskadi - Cluster Movilidad y logística Euskadi); Zeljko Jeftic (Ertico - Ertico ITS); Jean-Baptiste Thebaud (Interface Transport - Interface Transport); Georgia Aifandopoulou (Hellenic Institute or Transport - Center of Research and Technologie Hellas) |
| Abstract: | The deployment of urban logistics solutions is one of the main pending questions in the field of urban goods transport research and practice. Indeed, although several solutions and projects have been tested in the last years, only few of them reach an operational phase and remain viable in time. Through the example of a recently finished demonstration project, this paper presents the main issues related to the deployment of urban logistics solutions form research and development results. More precisely, this paper aims to focus on how the conclusions of pilot actions can be used to forecast the possibilities of deployment for an urban logistics service. First, we present the main stages in deploying a technological or organizational solution, based on the FREILOT project's deployment research and analysis. Then, one of the analysed technologies in the project is presented: the delivery space booking service. After presenting the main business model elements, an example of cost-benefit analysis is proposed, defining the method and the main hypotheses, as well as the main conclusions from the analysis. Then, the main barriers to the deployment of delivery space boking devices are presented. Finally, the paper shows a set of guidelines for public authorities and transport practitioners to deploy urban logistics solutions. |
| Keywords: | urban logistics services; deployment; cost-benefit analysis; barriers; business model |
| Date: | 2013–02–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00784075&r=ppm |
| By: | Angel de la Fuente; José Emilio Boscá |
| Abstract: | In this paper we construct a data set on EU cohesion aid to Spain during the planning period 1994-99. The data are disaggregated by region, year and function and attempt to approximate the timing of actual executed expenditure on assisted projects. |
| Keywords: | Structural Funds, EU Cohesion policy |
| JEL: | R58 |
| Date: | 2013–01–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aub:autbar:925.13&r=ppm |