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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Rani Jeanne Dang (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - CNRS : UMR7321 - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), IIE - Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Université de Gothenburg, Suède - Université de Gothenburg, Suède); Catherine Thomas (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - CNRS : UMR7321 - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS)) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the mechanisms underlying territorial dynamics of inter-organizational innovation, focusing specifically on the combinative capabilities of clusters. We analyse the front-end process of inter-organizational innovation, which is the stage when partners negotiate and establish Collaborative localised innovation projects (CLIPs). While most research focus on how clusters facilitate access to new knowledge, this paper rather focuses on how clusters facilitate the combination of knowledge among heterogeneous actors. We apply a qualitative methodology based on an exploratory case study research design to two high-tech clusters in the microelectronics and information and communication technology sectors. Our findings suggest that a specific underlying mechanism significantly influence knowledge creation through successful CLIPs that is: architectural knowledge at the cluster level. The results also precise the role of architectural knowledge, which varies depending on whether it is technical, relational or commercial, and on its distribution among the actors, involved. The combination of the results helped elaborating a model of successful integration of cluster members' into CLIPs, which contribute to research developments on inter-organizational innovation. |
| Keywords: | Cluster, Knowledge Base, Interactive Innovation, Collaborative R&D Project, Architectural Knowledge |
| Date: | 2012–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00727529&r=ppm |
| By: | Hallegatte, Stephane; Shah, Ankur; Lempert, Robert; Brown, Casey; Gill, Stuart |
| Abstract: | While agreeing on the choice of an optimal investment decision is already difficult for any diverse group of actors, priorities, and world views, the presence of deep uncertainties further challenges the decision-making framework by questioning the robustness of all purportedly optimal solutions. This paper summarizes the additional uncertainty that is created by climate change, and reviews the tools that are available to project climate change (including downscaling techniques) and to assess and quantify the corresponding uncertainty. Assuming that climate change and other deep uncertainties cannot be eliminated over the short term (and probably even over the longer term), it then summarizes existing decision-making methodologies that are able to deal with climate-related uncertainty, namely cost-benefit analysis under uncertainty, cost-benefit analysis with real options, robust decision making, and climate informed decision analysis. It also provides examples of applications of these methodologies, highlighting their pros and cons and their domain of applicability. The paper concludes that it is impossible to define the"best"solution or to prescribe any particular methodology in general. Instead, a menu of methodologies is required, together with some indications on which strategies are most appropriate in which contexts. This analysis is based on a set of interviews with decision-makers, in particular World Bank project leaders, and on a literature review on decision-making under uncertainty. It aims at helping decision-makers identify which method is more appropriate in a given context, as a function of the project's lifetime, cost, and vulnerability. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change Economics,Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases,Science of Climate Change,Global Environment Facility,Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions |
| Date: | 2012–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6193&r=ppm |
| By: | Johansson Magnus (IIE - Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Université de Gothenburg, Suède - Université de Gothenburg, Suède); Rani Jeanne Dang (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - CNRS : UMR7321 - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS)); Rick Middel (IIE - Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Université de Gothenburg, Suède - Université de Gothenburg, Suède) |
| Abstract: | In a longitudinal real time case study over 14 months, we follow the process of radical innovation in an incumbent Swedish firm. Applying institutional theory and the concept of legitimacy, we try to shed new light on the firm process of developing and implementing radical ideas. We deconstruct the black box of individual actions undertaken in the process and trace the effect of these actions on the development and legitimacy for the radical idea. We find that when an idea lack top management support and the process of innovation are interrupted, lower level employees' action can have a defining impact of the survival. In the literature there is a perceived need for a consistent view on how to organize the bottom up processes of innovation within a firm. Emerging from the qualitative grounded analysis we thus formalize these actions undertaken in a radical innovation process. |
| Keywords: | Legitimacy, Radical Innovation, Actions |
| Date: | 2012–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00727515&r=ppm |