|
on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Bikram Gupta; Aparna Seth |
| Abstract: | Development projects do not continue for infinite duration. Funding and implementing agencies withdraw from the program area after a certain point of time. Phasing out of programs is a critical phase fraught with several challenges. Most of the agencies and donors do not have a mandate for post-project evaluations and therefore commit little or no funds for post-project evaluations. Post-project evaluation examines if the project has led to sustainable outcomes and practices in the community. The paper outlines relevant case studies and explores challenges associated with post-project evaluations. It proposes a framework to address the envisioned objectives of post-project evaluation encapsulating sustainability of Community, Resources, Institutional and Processes (CRISP). It further suggests Difference-In-Difference research design for conducting post-project evaluation. [Discussion Paper No. 2] |
| Keywords: | Post-project evaluation, Sustainability, Phase-over, Difference-In-Difference |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2804&r=ppm |
| By: | Li, Chuan-Zhong (Department of Economics); Löfgren, Karl-Gustaf (Umeå University) |
| Abstract: | This paper derives a dynamic cost-bene…t rule for evaluating large projects.We show that, in addition to the conventional income and consumer surplus measures, the rule also entails an extra term involving capital cost changes. |
| Keywords: | cost-benefit rule; large project; capital cost |
| JEL: | D60 D90 H40 |
| Date: | 2010–05–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:uunewp:2010_015&r=ppm |
| By: | Markus Ohndorf (Chair of Economics, Institute for Environmental Decisions IED, ETH Zurich) |
| Abstract: | Project-based Emissions Trading Schemes, like the Clean Development Mechanism, are particularly prone to problems of asymmetric information between the project parties and the regulator. Given the specificities of these schemes, the regulator’s optimal monitoring strategy significantly differs from the one to be applied for capand- trade schemes or environmental taxes. In this paper, we extend the general framework on incomplete enforcement of policy instruments to reflect these specificities. The main focus of the analysis is to determine the regulator’s optimal spot-check frequency under the plausible assumption that the submitted projects vary with respect to their verifiability. We find that, given a limited monitoring budget, the optimal monitoring strategy is discontinuous, featuring a jump within the set of projects with lower verifiability. In this region, actual abatement is low and can fall to zero. For these cases, the sign of the slope of the strategy function depends on the actual relationship of the abatement cost and the penalty function. We conclude that, in a real-world context, project admission should ultimately be based on the criterion of verifiability. |
| Keywords: | environmental regulation, emissions trading systems, audits and compliance |
| JEL: | K32 D42 D82 |
| Date: | 2010–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ied:wpsied:10-13&r=ppm |
| By: | Prabir De; Muthi Samudram; Sanjeev Moholkar (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | This study examines a range of crossborder infrastructure development issues related to the Asian countries. Despite active pursuit of private investment in infrastructure by most developing countries in Asia and a growing number of success stories, the pace of such investment remains slow. Participation by the private sector in infrastructure development has been mixed. While there has been moderate progress in national infrastructure development by the private sector, progress is rather limited in the case of development of crossborder infrastructure in Asia. This study documents that Asian countries have attracted higher private sector investment for the development of national infrastructure projects such as seaports and airports as compared to crossborder infrastructure projects. The rising trend among private investors in infrastructure projects indicates a decline of investments by developed country investors. One of the findings of this study is that crossborder energy projects have received greater private sector investment globally as compared to transport, telecommunication, and water projects. In the context of Asia, too, energy sector projects still dominate the investment scenario. By considering all modes of financing, this study finds that crossborder infrastructure financing in Asia has witnessed an upward trend in the last decade and a half. Aside from hydropower projects in Bhutan, crossborder infrastructure in Asia is pursued through public-private partnerships. Interestingly, these few crossborder projects in Asia have limited private sector investors, compared to other regions, despite a wide base of local investors in Asia. This paper also shows that public sector investment drives crossborder energy and transportation projects in Asia, whereas private sector investments have picked up the pace only recently, specifically after the 1997 Asian financial crisis. This study recommends that given the huge infrastructure investment needs of the region and insufficient government resources, the role of the private sector and public-private partnerships in enhancing infrastructure facilities in Asia is very crucial. A review of select case studies of crossborder infrastructure projects clearly indicates that the major reasons for slow progress of regional infrastructure development by private sector stem from both economic to non-economic issues that need to be addressed in order to promote seamless Asia. |
| Keywords: | infrastructure, crossborder energy projects, public-private partnerships, 1997 Asian financial crisis |
| JEL: | F2 F3 G2 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eab:tradew:2258&r=ppm |
| By: | Schuetzenmeister, Falk |
| Abstract: | Professional management is increasingly important for successful research at universities as well as other organizations. This exploratory review draws on different bodies of literature in order to reformulate the complex challenges of research management by applying newer organizational theory. Research management can be described as boundary work that produces couplings between science and the wider society. Because of the complexity of organized science, management is increasingly indispensable to ensure the social, cognitive, and material preconditions of research. This paper discusses different means of research management on the research group level and within university departments. Research organizations are characterized by their relative diffuse distribution of management functions over organizational levels as well as by little direct determination between organizational elements. Charismatic scientific leaders can enhance the efficiency of research organizations and projects. More recently, universities have started to create new management positions within projects and centers. Scientifically trained people are hired as specialists in research management, constituting a new professional role. In contrast to pure administration, the new research managers make decisions with reference to scientific knowledge and the societal environment of research. |
| Keywords: | IES, Institute of European Studies, Research Management, Higher Education, Research Organization, Organizational Theory, University Collaboration, Science Studies, Scientific Leadership, Organization of Science, Boundary Work, Professionalization |
| Date: | 2010–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:bineur:1114995&r=ppm |
| By: | Biswa Nath Bhattacharyay (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Asia faces very large infrastructure funding demands, estimated at around US$750 billion per year for energy, transport, telecommunications, water, and sanitation during 2010–2020 (ADB/ADBI 2009). Asia has large savings, significant international reserves, and rapid accumulations of funds that could be utilized for meeting these infrastructure investment needs, but Asian markets have failed to use available resources to channel funding into highly needed infrastructure projects. This paper explores issues and challenges in financing infrastructure for seamless Asian infrastructure connectivity and for other high priority development financing needs, and seeks methods and instruments to help direct Asian and international resources to cost-effectively and efficiently support infrastructure and other development needs. The paper discusses three important topics: First, what are the lessons for Asia from the European Union’s experience of developing and integrating financial markets and using development banking institutions to support infrastructure investment? Second, how can Asian public and private resources, such as pension funds, social security funds, sovereign wealth funds, and private portfolio funds contribute to infrastructure development across Asia? Third, can Islamic financial markets provide funds for Asian infrastructure development? Finally, the paper makes recommendations regarding financing options and how Asian financial markets and infrastructure companies could be further developed and integrated to mobilize Asian and other regions’ savings for financing priority infrastructure projects in the region. |
| Keywords: | savings, international reserves, infrastructure investment, pension funds, Islamic finance, |
| JEL: | G10 G20 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eab:financ:2254&r=ppm |