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on Project, Program and Portfolio Management |
| By: | Aschhoff, Birgit |
| Abstract: | This paper looks at which firms receive R&D project grants and how this public support evolves over time by considering in particular firm's previous participation. The question of the allocation of public R&D funding is becoming particularly important when it comes to identifying the effects of subsidies. Using firm-level data on German manufacturing and knowledge-intensive service firms, it turns out that participation in the funding scheme shows a rather high level of continuity. This is also confirmed by applying a multivariate approach. Firms who received funding in the past are more likely to be selected for public funding again. Moreover, a firm's size and knowledge capabilities increase the probability of entering the scheme. It is also revealed that in an analysis of the allocation of grants it is important to control for the overall supply of corresponding subsidies. |
| Keywords: | R&D,Public Subsidies,Program Participation,Germany |
| JEL: | C20 H32 O38 |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:08018r&r=ppm |
| By: | Aschhoff, Birgit |
| Abstract: | This study provides insights into the effects of public R&D grants on R&D input and output of firms from Germany. Previous research has shown that the allocation of R&D project grants is rather stable regarding the pool of beneficiaries. The question is whether this participation pattern can be justified by its realized effects. In addition, the impact of the grant size on the effects is investigated. Therefore, I allow to a certain extent for heterogeneous treatment effects in these two dimensions. Using a sample of about 8,500 observations, a non-parametric matching approach with multiple treatments is applied to estimate the effects of public R&D grants on firm's R&D input. The results show that particularly frequently given grants as well as medium and large grants are suitable to increase the scope of firm-financed R&D plans. For the analysis of the effects on firm's R&D output the R&D expenditures are disentangled in R&D which would have been spent in the absence of the grant and publicly induced R&D, including the grant and the effect on private R&D expenditures. Basically both types of R&D are equally productive in terms of innovative output. For the statement that a rather stable pattern of program participation leads to a lower effectiveness of the instrument no evidence has been found. |
| Keywords: | R&D,Public Subsidies,Innovative Performance,Germany |
| JEL: | C20 H32 O38 |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:09032&r=ppm |
| By: | Custódia Bastos (Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal); Suzi Ladeira (Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal); Sofia Silva (Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal) |
| Abstract: | Culture and art are emerging as the principal components of the creative industries raising their attractiveness in urban centers. Economics apparently does not have a direct connection with culture and art. However, a closer look into de reality shows that economics and arts are intrinsically related with arts benefiting from a more entrepreneurial and economic led perspectives. The proposed study details the intimate connection which is established between arts and economics by empirically analyzing the vibrant creativity cluster of Miguel Bombarda Street (MBS), situated at the centre of Porto city. This insightful and informative case further provides a pertinent account on the role of entrepreneurship in arts. Through a combination of in depth interviews to key actors and a comprehensive survey to all the firms and art galleries of MBS, the study highlights and details the emergence of MBS cluster and the reasons and players responsible for such emergence and development. Finally, based on the results we evaluate and discuss MBS cluster sustainability and how this type of projects might contribute for the renewal and boost the Porto city. |
| Keywords: | indústrias criativas; artes; clusters; empreendedorismo |
| Date: | 2009–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:por:fepwps:331&r=ppm |
| By: | Okay, Nesrin; Akman, Ugur |
| Abstract: | Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) are private sector instruments that offer energy-/emission-improvement (energy saving, energy efficiency, energy conservation, emission reduction) projects in the developed and in some developing countries. Literature reveals that energy-/emission-improvements of countries may be related to their innovation- and R&D-activity levels. In this work, we use a literature data on the activities and the sectors targeted by ESCOs in 38 countries, summarized in terms of the age of ESCO market (AEM), number of ESCO companies (NE), and total value of ESCO projects (VE). Along with the Global Innovation Index (GII) data of the countries, we investigate the relationships among the ESCO Indicators (EIs: AEM, NE, VE, sectors targeted by ESCOs), and the Country Indicators (CIs: GII and per-capita GDP, energy consumption, CO2 emission). We observe noteworthy dependencies between the EIs and CIs. Using the simple trend equations we estimate the missing VEs in the original data. We also project, as a hint for the size and orientation of the upcoming Turkish ESCO market, the set of EIs and the distribution of the sectors that are likely to be targeted by ESCOs in Turkey. |
| Keywords: | Energy service companies; ESCO; Global Innovation Index; GDP; Energy consumption; Greenhouse-gas (CO2) emission; R&D |
| JEL: | O1 Q55 L52 O3 Q43 Q4 Q58 |
| Date: | 2009–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:17012&r=ppm |