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on Payment Systems and Financial Technology |
| By: | Liu, Chen-Hao; Huang, Kuang-Chiu |
| Abstract: | With progress of communication technologies, it enables rapid development of all kinds of services over the Internet, and we call these services with a name as over the top (OTT). The penetration rate of 4G has increased rapidly and also increased mobile operator’s revenue. With the increase of digital convergence demand and other video platforms appear, it can be predicted the level of complex and competition will rise in whole market. The business expansion from scale of economies and the popularity of flat rates all have provided some convenience for people to surf and enjoy OTT services with no worry. However, the mobile Internet service providers (ISPs) have increase the number of market penetration rate quickly and have to deal with huge mobile traffic generated from OTT services. Video streaming accounts for 58 percentages in all mobile data traffic from a recent survey and it indicates that OTT videos streaming services convert mobile operators to be dumb pipes. If mobile operators have to maintain quality of service, they need to invest more money to upgrade their communication infrastructure. Although voice of IP (VoIP) services provided by Facebook, line and Skype do not consume huge amount of mobile bandwidth, it decreases mobile operator’s’ voice revenues and average revenue per user (APRU) significantly. Moreover, the revenue of SMS from mobile operators decline dramatically, too. Therefore, the paper addresses whether mobile operators are capable facing the impact of OTT videos and VOIP, to cope with emerging challenges from OTT services. In Taiwan, all mobile operators have developed their OTT platforms, and some mobile operators bundle their OTT services and mobile Internet service together to make more attractive for reducing churn rates and increase ARPU. In addition, cooperation with content providers and mobile operators are necessities and large scale of merger and acquisition (M&A) between AT&T and Time Warner to enrich their OTT capacities also emerged. This paper discusses different options of mobile operators to cope with OTT challenges. 1. Mobile operators choose to be dumb pipes and upgrade their infrastructures aggressively, and adopt strategic alliance with OTT service providers. 2. Mobile operators aggregate contents to develop OTT platforms by themselves to compete with other OTT services providers. In addition, the paper also how do asymmetric regulations between BISPs and OTT service operators affect the competition between mobile operators and OTT service providers. One is network neutrality and the other is data protection of personal privacy. Network neutrality has been discussed and debated for many years with different kinds of interpretation, but restrictions of selling personal data for mobile operators can produce more notable effect. OTT service provides can sell customer data to make profits whether mobile operators can sell customer data with precise location data. In order to study the competition between mobile operators and OTT service providers clearly, we propose, basing on mobile operator’s perspective, six options from pure wholesale dumb pipe to fully bundle service provider. 1. Wholesale only. It means mobile operators won’t contact consumers directly, and provides their spectrum and infrastructure to mobile virtual network operators(MVNO). 2. Retail only. It means mobile operators focus on their mobile business (e.g. voice business and mobile data business) and don’t get involving in developing their OTT services. 3. Wholesale and retail together. But mobile operators do provide OTT services. 4. Wholesale, retail and strategic alliance with OTT service providers. Mobile operator do develop their own OTT services but take strategic alliance with other OTT service providers and bundle those services together. 5. Wholesale, retail, and develop their owned OTT platforms. Mobile operators can produce contents by themselves or purchase copyright from channel operators and other content providers. 6. The last option is to combine all of above five options. This study adopts cost-benefit analysis to compare total cost and benefit and assess profitability of each option, because cost-benefit analysis can provide quantitative number to aid for analyzing each option and obtaining a clear picture for input and output. The research outcome not only can depict the competition between mobile operators and OTT service providers clearly but also offers a valuable reference for NRAs, mobile operators and OTT service providers about how to regulate and how to compete with difference scenarios and options. |
| Keywords: | OTT,mobile operators,competition,asymmetric regulations,business strategy,options |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168492&r=pay |
| By: | Tseng, Chien-Kai; Huang, Kuang-Chiu |
| Abstract: | The popularity and growth of Internet usage and Internet enabled devices have changed the people life style and ways of communications. Mobile Internet usage increases year by year and have created prosperous Internet access market by myriad Internet service providers (ISPs). Mobile Internet operators and Wi-Fi service providers form complement and substitution relationships to offer Internet access options to enable anytime and anywhere services in many cities. From economics aspect, substitutes are often accompanied by market competition. In this scenario, municipal whether Wi-Fi would be treated as complement or substitute is an interesting question and incurs further consideration about what is the relationship between private ISPs and public ISPlife. Todeal with this question, we take three steps to analyze municipal Wi-Fi projects around the world to compare their development process and outcomes. To find a clear definition of municipal Wi-Fi is the initial step through gathering information from various municipal projects. Then, the study depicts the value chain of municipal Wi-Fi and adopts Porter’s five forces analysis to discuss current municipal Wi-Fi development and illustrate its external competition picture. In five force analysis, municipality is treated as one of suppliers and local residents/tourists are users to analyze their bargain power of these Wi-Fi projects. Threats come from mobile Internet operators (MISPs) and other Wi-Fi service providers would challenge original goals of municipal projects. The interaction of bargain power and threats among these stakeholders affect the attitude and willingness about how do municipalities affect or manipulate their Wi-Fi projects. We adopt real option analysis (ROA) to discuss what kind of options that municipalities can select to evaluate Wi-Fi projects with flexibility as the last step. Through three steps study, we can offer a clear evolution picture of municipal Wi-Fi for its life cycle and address when are the transition points of municipal Wi-Fi projects. This paper extends previous studies about feasibility, goals and outcomes of municipal Wi-Fi projects to reveal the evolution path of municipal Wi-Fi projects and rethink whether these projects can be treated as public utility or just provisional services. Aside from its academia value, we expect this paper to be valuable to policy makers of municipal projects, Wi-Fi service providers and mobile Internet operators to assess value of Wi-Fi projects. |
| Keywords: | Municipal Wi-Fi project,Municipalities,Real options,Five-forces analysis,Development life cycle |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168493&r=pay |
| By: | J Paul Dunne (Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, School of Economics, University of Cape Town); Elizabeth Kasekende (Bank of Uganda) |
| Abstract: | Financial services in low income countries are often not well developed, thus, individuals rely heavily on informal means of financial services to send, receive and save money, with a large number of the population unbanked. Mobile money, a type of financial innovation, enables individuals to transfer, deposit and save money using cell phone technology. It not only has the potential to improve access to financial services but could also have an effect on household consumer behaviour and improve individuals' livelihoods. This paper investigates the difference in consumption patterns between mobile money users and non-users in Uganda, one of the countries that have seen significant increases in mobile money usage, since its introduction in 2009. It is based on the Financial Inclusion Tracker Surveys (FITS) household level data that was conducted in 2012. Using ordinary least squares and seemingly unrelated regression estimation techniques, the results suggests that mobile money users are less likely to spend on food, a necessity, and more likely to spend on luxury goods, than non-users. In addition, mobile money users are more likely to receive more remittances and, as a result, they are able to spend more efficiently on particular commodities than non-users. This suggests that mobile money could indeed potentially improve individuals' livelihoods. |
| Keywords: | Mobile money, Consumption patterns |
| JEL: | D12 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ldr:wpaper:210&r=pay |
| By: | Leurcharusmee, Supanika; Sirisrisakulchai, Jirakom; Suriya, Komsan; Keesookpun, Chutipong; Srinuan, Pratompong |
| Abstract: | Motivation, background and problem statement: Fixed and mobile broadband substitutability has recently been a debate in the telecom industry as the issue affects infrastructure investment decisions of service providers and service obligation regulation decision of telecom authorities. Previous studies have debated over both the definition of substitutability, measurement and the conclusions. Theoretically, substitution is the demand side concept measured using the cross-price elasticity. With a unique dataset, this study takes a simpler approach to examine the fixed-to-mobile substitution. Instead of examining the problem through the estimation of cross-price elasticity, this study estimates the impact of users’ mobile broadband subscription on their decision to terminate fixed broadband subscription. Data and methodology: The data used in this study are from the 2016 Telecom Consumption Survey of Thailand by the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission of Thailand. This study estimates the fixed to mobile substitution using the concept of average treatment effect of mobile broadband usage on the fixed broadband termination. Without random assignment, the estimation of factors determining the fixed broadband termination decision, focusing on the mobile broadband subscription, faces the endogeneity problem. Therefore, we applied the endogenous switching Probit model to estimate the average treatment effect. Results and concluding remarks: From the survey, 1949 respondents subscribed to a fixed broadband service at home at one point. Among them, 85.48 percent remain subscribed to the service and 14.52 percent has canceled the service prior to 2016. The regression analysis shows that mobile broadband subscription has a positive significant effect on the decision to cancel fixed broadband service. The contribution of the study lies on the heterogeneity of the level of fixed to mobile substitution across different groups of internet users. For those who are online for less than 40 hours per day, mobile broadband is considered as a substitute for fixed broadband to a certain level. For those whose lifestyle requires a higher usage of internet, the results show no substitution. As telecom regulations normally target to help users with lower telecom accessibility rather than those with higher level of usage, the higher level of fixed and mobile substitution for individuals with low usage should imply the possibility to unify regulatory framework for fixed and mobile broadband markets. |
| Keywords: | Fixed to mobile substitution,fixed broadband termination,endogenous switching regression |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168513&r=pay |
| By: | Hwang, ShinYoung; Kim Seongcheol |
| Abstract: | Advancements in mobile technology have created a new paradigm that transform people’s daily lives. Through smart wireless devices that provide Internet access anytime and anywhere, users have more opportunities for real-time communication, entertainment, and information consumption. One of the most widely accepted and experienced application is the mobile instant messaging (mIM) service that enables users to exchange highly synchronized one-on-one or one-to-many communication (Wallace, 2012). The benefits of mIM are seen through the large user bases that mIM service providers hold. As of January 2017, WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger had 1,000 million monthly active users (MAU) followed by QQ mobile (877 million MAUs) and WeChat (846 million MAUs). Indeed, Korea’s mIM applications, Line and KakaoTalk, are also listed as one of the top ten most used mIM applications with 218 million MAUs and 49 million MAUs, respectively (Statista, 2017). Although mIM services experience sluggish growth in active monthly users, the saturated market is still anticipated to possess a total of 3.8 billion registered mIM users by the end of 2019 (Radicati Group, 2016). |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168494&r=pay |
| By: | Huang, Kuang-Chiu; Houng, Ming-Wie |
| Abstract: | Through the progress of communication technology, the mobile services have broughtlots of benefits for our daily lives. However, with the recent advances in cellular communications and new systems being deployed alongside existing ones, an emerging question aboutwhether there still is someneedsfor the legacy infrastructure, in particular the widely deployed GSMsystemsat this moment.Forthe evolution of mobile communication, we have embrace convenience and efficiency offered bymobile service.We confront, however,so many problems after enjoying the benefits. For an example, the exponentially growing demand for wireless traffic hasresultedin availablespectrum shortageand thus national regulatory authorities(NRAs) worldwide are looking to re-farmtheir GSMspectrum to deploy more spectrally efficient technologies such asLTEor 5G. Therefore, both NRAsand mobile network operators (MNOs) need toaddress the re-farming closely and efficiently. In addition, the regulators should contemplate how to balance subscriber protection and re-farming scheme for asmooth transition amongdifferent mobile communication services.In some cases, an easement model can be a practical option to achieve efficient use of spectrum. The FCC allows US mobile operators to decide when to phase out the legacy network. Compared with Taiwan or some countries in Europe, the FCC takes the laissez-faire approach in the termination process with some flexibility. In the light of this,the NRA in Taiwan provides some subsidies to GSMusers to facilitate their migration to more advanced services before the GSMservice licenses expiration in June this year. However, who will derive the benefits? In fact, there are five mobile network operators in Taiwan, but three operators such as Chunghwa Telecom, Far EasTone and Taiwan Mobile offer the GSMservices. Accordingto current subsidy policy, GSMmobile operators will compete each other to decide who can convert those subscribers as many as possible into 3G or 4G subscribers through NRA’s subsidy would the winner of this technology transition. In addition,the NRA phasing out the legacy network confrontssome potential tough issues. For instance, is the economics underlying the operation of the GSMinfrastructure still viable? If it still existsthe potential profits, how can regulator to make choice between consumers and the fast changing market？In fact, the regulators and operators in other countries such as Norway are deciding how to manage a transition towards full network closure, given that machine-to-machine (M2M), voice, and roaming revenue cannibalization work smoothly and continuously. Therefore, the research questionsof this study are to discuss transition policy of mobile technologywith regard to GSMservice termination:1.What strategies need NRAs to assess between limited resources and business values for the suitable time to phase out the mobile communication technology？2.What kind of approaches do NRAs can take between active involvement and laissez-faire in the termination process ？If NRAs take active involvement, they need to think how to get involving in and minimize some negative impacts for those stakeholders.This study adopts literature analysis, benchmarking analysis to review the termination of the GSMmobile network in Taiwan, and examined the GSMtermination in other countries to make a comparison. In order to analyze the decision of GSMtermination from NRA in Taiwan, our study tries to apply the real options approach (ROA) to evaluate the optimal timing of phasing out GSMservice and the establishment of the mechanism for market exit. The reason why this study uses the real options is that ROA is a method an organization’s management makes to expand, change or curtail projects based on changing economic, technological or market conditions. In sum, it offers policymakers some flexibility tocope with changing circumstances.In the recent years, the regulators and mobile network operators over the world confront the GSMtermination issues. However, there has been few studies to analysis the process of termination and proposed policy suggestions for telecommunication regulators to facilitate MNOs’ smooth transition to advanced mobile communications services while protecting subscriber benefits. Therefore, the outcome of the study indicates that the regulators should not adopt administrative means to force consumers into using a specific mobile system and take the laissez-faire method in the termination process. |
| Keywords: | termination of GSM,mobile network operators (MNOs),real options,subsidy policy,the re-farming |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168489&r=pay |
| By: | Grzybowski, Lukasz; Liang, Julienne; Zulehner, Christine |
| Abstract: | This paper answers two empirical questions. First, we analyze how fixed-mobile (quadruple-play) bundling impacts retention of consumers in fixed broadband market. Second, we assess how bundling by the incumbent operator impacts the market share and number of entrants who provide broadband services using incumbent's infrastructure. To address these questions we use a complete database of about 9.5 million subscribers to incumbent fixed broadband operator in a European country between March 2014 and February 2015. This data is combined with information on the market share and number of entrants in about 36,000 municipalities in this country. We find that consumers who bundle fixed and mobile services from the same provider are less likely to churn. Without quadruple-play bundling the annual retention of fixed broadband consumers would increase from 8.4% to 9.2%. Next, we find that the share of consumers having quadruple-play bundles with the incumbent has a negative impact on the market share and number of entrants. In the absence of quadruple- play bundling, the market share of entrants would be higher by about 6.8 percentage points. Quadruple-play bundling has also negative impact on the number of LLU entrants, which is bigger in the case of small LLU operators who cannot provide bundled offers themselves. This suggests that firms which cannot sell fixed-mobile bundles are disadvantaged in competition. |
| Keywords: | Quadruple-play,Bundling,Consumer retention,Market entry |
| JEL: | L13 L50 L96 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168483&r=pay |
| By: | van den Dam, Rob |
| Abstract: | The volume of personal data collected by organizations is considerable and growing. But as more data is collected and transacted, the likelihood of a breach escalates. Cyberattacks are increasingly common and the volume and severity of data breaches and abuse continue to increase. With more and larger breaches in the news, consumers have become worried about – and suspicious of – the organizations that collect, store and use their data. And as digital ecosystems and the Internet of Things further expand, protecting customer data is more urgent than ever before. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168536&r=pay |
| By: | Koo, Hyunmo; Kim, Seongcheol |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes how Korean MCN (Multi-Channel Network) industry has evolved within the context of the actor-network theory. The findings of this study were obtained through indepth interviews with 10 key-experts. There are four stages according to the actor-network theory. According to the interviews, Korean MCNs are now in the enrollment stage. YouTube was found to be a focal actor who initiated the network, and MCNs actively enrolled other actors such as internet video platforms, OTT service providers, and consumer goods companies. This study found out that more companies would enter this MCN’s actornetwork in the name of investors or advertisers to catch young millennial audiences. The ability to create mobile contents was identified as a key for MCNs not to lose the power in the network. |
| Keywords: | MCN,Multi-Channel Network,Actor-network,Mobile contents |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168504&r=pay |
| By: | Sakurai, Naoko; Otsuka, Tokio; Mitomo, Hitoshi |
| Abstract: | Followingthe Great East Japan Earthquake, information and communications technology (ICT) is expected to play an important role in future pioneeringdisaster prevention programs and post-disaster reconstruction. The increase insmartphone users allows big data to be accumulated from such diverse sourcesaspersonal information posted on social networking services(SNS), location data, and communication histories. Japan is willing to promote the useof this big data forvarious business opportunities; however,people remain anxiousabout personal information being divulged.To use big data duringdisasters, it is important to conduct research and surveys focused on Internet users’perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to analyze internet users’ evaluation about providing personal information and to measure the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for receiving information services at the time of large-scale disasters. In order to quantify internet users’ evaluation about providing personal information, we drew up a questionnaire and conducted a survey. To obtain more accurate and practical estimation and evaluation, we adopted the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). To identify the factors that impacted recipients’ WTP for providing personal information and to estimate the marginal contribution of each attribute to the value of WTP. We assessed the value of providing personal information at the time of large-scale disastersfor ordinary internet users quantitatively. In the case of location information, the average WTP was found to be JPY2,943. The estimated average WTP for the five cases ranged between JPY2,202 and JPY3,618, in which the highest amount was found to be for "Medical history" and the lowest for "Measurements." In order to identify the factors that impacted the respondents’ WTP, we estimated the marginal contribution of the 21 attributes to the value of WTP. |
| Keywords: | Unprecedented Disaster,Personal Information,CVM,WTP,Quantitative Assessment |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168538&r=pay |
| By: | Kuroda, Toshifumi; Koguchi, Teppei; Ida, Takanori |
| Abstract: | Modern economic theory predicts that tying can serve as a tool for leveraging market power. In line with this economic theory, competition authorities regulate the tying of Microsoft Windows with its Media Player or Internet browser in the EU and Japan. The authorities also take note of the market power of mobile handset operating systems (OSs) over competition in the app and services markets. However, no empirical evidence has thus far been presented on the success of government intervention in the Microsoft case. To assess the effectiveness of government intervention on mobile handset OSs, we identify the extent to which complementarity and consumer preferences affect the correlation between mobile handset OSs and mobile service app markets (mail, search, and map). We find significant positive complementarity between the mail, search, and map services, and mobile handset OSs. However, the elasticities of the mobile handset OS–mobile service correlations are rather small. We conclude that taking action to restrict mobile handset OSs is less effective than acting on mobile services market directly. |
| Keywords: | Mobile phone,Handset,Internet service,Platform competition |
| JEL: | L12 L43 L96 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168506&r=pay |
| By: | Papai, Zoltan; Nagy, Peter; Papp, Bertalan |
| Abstract: | Cross-country price comparison is a useful, but often deceptive exercise. The paper addresses the underlying methodological challenges, offering a practicable solution, which is both sound enough and meaningful for the comparison of mobile broadband prices on different markets. Both the simple comparisons and the econometric analysis give valuable insights into how the structural characteristics and also other factors are associated with the price-differences between national mobile markets of the European Union. The result suggests that the presence of a challenger player on the market is important to have lower prices and wider choice of options on the market. This factor seems more important than the mere number of the players. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168533&r=pay |
| By: | Bouwman, Harry; de Reuver, Mark; Nikou, Shahrokh |
| Abstract: | Digital technology has forced entrepreneurs to reconsider their business models (BMs). Although research on entrepreneurial intention and business models is gaining attention, there is still a large knowledge gap on both fields. In this paper, we specifically address the impact of digitalization on business model innovation (BMI). Based on data collected from 338 European small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) actively using IT artefacts, social media, or big data to innovate their business model, we study antecedents of BM experimentation and BM innovation practices, as well as overall business performance. We carried out four in-depth case studies of companies in which BM innovation is related to IT artefacts and more specifically to social media and big data. The findings from the quantitative study show that BMI is related to IT artefacts, social media, and big data. Use of IT artefacts, social media, and big data is mainly driven by strategic and innovation-related internal motives, although external technology turbulence plays a role too. BM innovation driven by IT artefacts, social media, and big data has an impact on performance. Although the case studies show that this is more evident for IT artefacts and big data than for social media. |
| Keywords: | big data,business model innovation,digitalization,IT artefacts,social media |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168475&r=pay |
| By: | Fuke, Hidenori |
| Abstract: | This study tries to evaluate problems surrounding the transition from public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) to IP networks that affect both the current users of PSTN and competitive carriers. For this purpose, this study surveys discussions on the transition based on four perspectives: (1) consumer-oriented, (2) forward-looking, (3) competitive neutrality and (4) proportionality of regulation. It is organised in the following manner. First, it clarifies the background of the transition, especially the impact of the diffusion of broadband Internet and mobile technologies. Second, it surveys a series of the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation’s (NTT) migration proposals published since 2010. Third, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications’ (MIC) investigation responding to NTT’s proposals is summarised. Fourth, problems regarding the transition are evaluated by contrasting NTT’s proposals and MIC’s reports. Finally, the study infers five important remarks based on the above analysis. It must be acknowledged that the evaluations and remarks are premature because discussions on the transition are still in progress and the details of the transition have not yet been officially published. |
| Keywords: | PSTN,IP,Migration,Consumer Oriented,Proportionality of Regulation,Competitive Neutrality |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168482&r=pay |
| By: | Shin, Dong-Hee |
| Abstract: | The exponential growth of services via personal informatics (PI) is making it increasingly important to cater to the quality expectations of end users. Quality of experience (QoE) becomes the guiding paradigm for managing quality provisioning and application design in PI. This study examines the relationship between human experience and quality perception in relation to the IoT, developing a conceptual model for QoE in PI. By integrating human perception and experience factors involving quality and heuristics into the assessment, our study proposes a user experience model that conceptualizes a QoE specific to PI and highlights its relationship with other factors. This model establishes a foundation for future IoT service categories through a heuristic quality assessment tool from a consumer-centered perspective. The results provide a ground truth basis for developing future PI services with QoE requirements, as well as for dimensioning the underlying network-provisioning infrastructures, particularly with regard to mobile access technologies. This study provides key insights into the role of expectations and experiences in technology adoption, while supporting a quality model. |
| Keywords: | quality of experience,quality of service,user experience,personal informatics,Internet of things,quality measurement,human-centered design |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168540&r=pay |
| By: | Sudtasan, Tatcha; Mitomo, Hitoshi |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to investigate the most accurate S-curve model, the Logistic, Gompertz, and Bass models, in forecasting the diffusion of telecommunication markets Thailand. The analyses apply the data of mobile telecommunication market and fixed-broadband market separately without the interaction between both services. The originality of this study is at the diffusion path segmentation intervened by technological change that accelerates or decelerates each market. Parameters of each model are estimated by nonlinear model estimation methodology. By applying those parameters, the accuracy of each model can be identified compared to the actual data. Following the evaluation of the goodness-of-fit and forecasting ability, the Gompertz model shows the best performance in forecasting the diffusion of mobile telecommunication and fixed broadband markets. With the more suitable forecasting model to the markets, the ultimate total number of users in the future period could be more accurately predicted. |
| Keywords: | Broadband diffusion,Empirical comparison,Logistic model,Gompertz model,Bass model |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168541&r=pay |
| By: | Osei-Owusu, Alexander; Henten, Anders |
| Abstract: | The paper answers the following questions: whether infrastructure sharing policy been able to achieve its core objective of preventing network tower investment duplication in single locations? And whether pricing strategy employed by tower owners encourage sharing? The foundation of these issues is concerned with the structure of costs for providing sharing services, the nature of contracts or other conditions for commercialization, and the clash of different buyers (MNOs) of towers spaces. The implications for the diffusion of telecom infrastructure and services to poorly covered areas of these market conditions and the conduct of the market players constitute the primary focus of this research. For assessing the market structure, the behavior of market players, and the outcome of the sharing policy, a Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) framework is applied. A combination of qualitative and quantitative data were collected including ten (10) employees of the network companies, tower companies, internet service vendors and the regulatory agency (NCA) for interviews and reports on 2000 out of 5750 co-location tower sites (at the beginning of 2016) across the country were analyzed. Against the expectations of the regulator, infrastructure sharing is currently not effective. For rural communities, rather than sharing amidst non-pleasant market conduct from the incumbent operators, new entrant operators have chosen to build their own towers, holding back diffusion due to single cost ownership and also defeating the purpose of infrastructure sharing policy. Factors such as market size of firms and their degree of concentration will continue to affect conduct and performance, unless there is a strong institutional incentive for undertaking mandatory access strategies to challenge dominance to induce greater competition in markets. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168532&r=pay |
| By: | Ikematsu, Nariaki |
| Abstract: | Lotka-Volterra equations which equivalent to the replicator equation in evolutionary game theory under mathematical dynamic ecosystem model will provide the new basic behavior of network services. The FTTH-DSL market in Japan shifted from the co-existence model of horizontal market to the Winner-Takes-All model of FTTH. This model also shows that the fixed-mobile market in Thai and Japan have the model of the bi-stable model. This report also submits some data and materials to start discussing the new future infrastructure. The parameters of Lotka-Volterra equations are also dynamic. If parameter is constant the market does not have any innovation. It means that the survival-of-the-fittest world does not have any innovation. |
| Keywords: | Evolutionary game,Lotka-Volterra equations,fixed-mobile market |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168495&r=pay |
| By: | Hsu,Ying Chia; Wei, Ran |
| Abstract: | Advances in telecommunications technologies such as the online voice and video calling, smart phones, and micro messaging service have not only made life easier for millions of users, they also strengthened their social ties and improved their psychological well-being. On the other hand, potential risks of being defrauded go hand in hand with the social and psychological benefits of advanced telecommunications technologies in the mobile era. To respond to the pressing need for a better understanding of how fraudulent telecommunications occur, this study seeks to examine predictors and mediators of the vulnerability of seniors to telecommunications fraud with a focus on the role of calling behaviors, social presence, trust, perceived dependence, and perceived importance in telecommunications technology. Results show that 4 factors play essential roles in telecommunication among seniors. Implications of the findings for telecommunications policymaking are discussed. |
| Keywords: | telecommunications fraud,telephony,mobile phones,text messages,social presence,trust,senior citizens,Taiwan |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168488&r=pay |
| By: | Nam, Sangjun |
| Abstract: | Mobile service fee in Korea has become a concerning issue. Although numerous studies have investigated this issue, there is still a lack of studies about the factors related to the dissatisfaction of the mobile service fee. This paper investigates those issues through estimating the gap between perceived value of mobile service and the actual payment. To measure this value and identify the factors affecting it, this paper uses the contingent valuation method with double-bounded dichotomous choice approach. The empirical result shows that usage time of mobile device, the priority of handset subsidy when choosing mobile service plan, and the awareness of mobile service payment system are related to dissatisfaction of mobile service fee. Moreover, the result implies that the mobile service subscribers might be satisfied to their mobile service fee in average. This paper suggested that the regulation for curtailing the retail price of mobile service evenly might not be an effective way to relieve the dissatisfaction of the mobile service fee. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168522&r=pay |
| By: | Bruce Carlin; Arna Olafsson; Michaela Pagel |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes how better access to financial information via new technology changes use of consumer credit and affects financial fitness. We exploit the introduction of a smartphone application for personal financial management as a source of exogenous variation. FinTech adoption reduces financial fee payments and penalties, but differs cross-sectionally in the population. After adopting the new technology, Millennials and members of Generation X incur fewer financial fees and penalties, whereas Baby Boomers do not benefit from the technological advance. Millennials and Gen Xers save fees by using their credit cards rather than overdrafts to manage short-term liabilities. Moreover, Millennials shift some of their spending to discretionary entertainment, whereas members of Generation X remain more austere. Finally, while men tend to adopt new technology and access information at a higher rate, the economic impact of access is larger for women. |
| JEL: | D14 D83 G02 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23798&r=pay |
| By: | Boyer, Marcel |
| Abstract: | Pricing copyrighted works or assets so that creators are fairly compensated, while users can benefit from the digital economy given the information good character of such works has always been a difficult task. Doing it in the digital era is even more challenging. Striking that balance and determining the proper royalty level and the efficient rate base require that the competitive market value of such copyright in musical works and sound recordings be ascertained. I review some of the challenges and pitfalls in adequately framing the issues, and review an approach to infer the competitive market value of music in commercial terrestrial/Hertzian radio, satellite radio and interactive music streaming services from choices of operators in those industries. The resulting royalty formulas and payments are embedded into and discussed through the economics of public policy towards culture (the elephant in the room). An Appendix presents the main characteristics of music copyright structures in different jurisdictions. |
| Keywords: | Music copyrights; Hertzian radio; Satellite radio; SiriusXM ; Music streaming services; Pandora; Spotify; Cultural public policy |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:32065&r=pay |
| By: | Pierre-Antoine Arrighi (TITECH - Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo], MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pascal Le Masson (MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Benoit Weil (MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Akin Kazakçi (MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | According to some casual observers, computer-aided design (CAD) tools are very similar. These tools are used to design new artifacts in a digital environment; hence, they share typical software components, such as a computing engine and human-machine interface. However, CAD software is dedicated to specific professionals—such as engineers, three-dimensional (3D) artists, and industrial designers (IDs)—who claim that, despite their apparent similarities, CAD tools are so different that they are not substitutable. Moreover, CAD tools do not fully meet the needs of IDs. This paper aims at better characterizing CAD tools by taking into account their underlying design logic, which involves relying on recent advances in design theory. We show that engineering CAD tools are actually modeling tools that design a generic variety of products; 3D artist CAD tools not only design but immediately produce single digital artefacts; and ID CAD tools are neither a mix nor an hybridization of engineering CAD and 3D artist CAD tools but have their own logic, namely to create new conceptual models for a large variety of products, that is, the creation of a unique original style that leads to a generic singularity. Such tools are useful for many creative designers beyond IDs. |
| Keywords: | Design theory, CAD tool, mass singularity, style models |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01389651&r=pay |
| By: | Zhang, Aihua; Lv, Jia; Kong, Ying |
| Abstract: | In recent years, the economy of China has entered a new normal state and the economic growth rate has decelerated. The telecommunications industry as a national strategic and basic industry, is also facing up with some dilemma. Information consumption is a comprehensive concept including e-commerce, communications, broadband services, online games and so on. On this basis, this paper employs the almost ideal demand system(AIDS) to explore the impact that information consumption has made to residential consumption expenditure and the change of the consumption structure. Ac-cording to empirical analysis, finally we can draw the following conclusions: The income elasticity of information consumption is greater than 1, which means the income demand is flexible. And the self-price elasticity of information consumption is negative and the absolute value is between 0 and 1. It means that the price of information consumption is not flexible. |
| Keywords: | Information consumption,Household consumption expenditure,The almost ideal demand system(AIDS),Demand elasticity Information consumption |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168554&r=pay |
| By: | Marsden, Richard; Ihle, Hans-Martin; Traber, Peter |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168518&r=pay |
| By: | Koeder, Marco; Tanaka, Ema; Sugai, Philip |
| Abstract: | This paper offers a look at the Japanese mobile free to play market with a focus on “Gacha”, a game of luck mechanism used in many Japanese games. The paper tries to explain about the concept of Gacha, its different forms, some known regulation issues and briefly looks at player and professional’s insights and discusses an analytical framework for further studies to figure out the reason of player’s acceptance of price discrimination in F2P mobile games. |
| Keywords: | Free-to-play,freemium,mobile games,lottery,behavior,attitudes,virtual goods,Japan |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168503&r=pay |
| By: | Saito, Nagayuki; Aragaki, Madoka |
| Abstract: | A contemporary problem in societies is that of youths becoming involved in various online troubles. For enhancing Internet literacy, providing support to not only youths but also their parents has become a major policy challenge. This study evaluated and analyzed the Internet literacy of youths and parents to discuss effective policy making, as defined in Article 3 of the supplementary provision of the “Act on Establishment of Enhanced Environment for Youth’s Safe and Secure Internet Use.” The results revealed that parents had significantly higher Internet literacy than youths did, according to the total score and subscores in each risk category. However, for questions related to “online game billing” and “understanding of the ‘Act on Regulation on Soliciting Children by Using Opposite Sex Introducing Service on Internet,’” high school students performed better than their parents did. Therefore, it is crucial to provide support for enhancing parents’ literacy regarding unfamiliar risks. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168537&r=pay |
| By: | Marek Dabrowski |
| Abstract: | The recent wave of financial innovation, particularly innovation related to the application of information and communication technologies, poses a serious challenge to the financial industry’s business model in both its banking and non-banking components. It has already revolutionised financial services and, most likely, will continue to do so in the future. If not responded to adequately and timely by regulators, it may create new risks to financial stability, as occurred before the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. However, financial innovation will not seriously affect the process of monetary policymaking and is unlikely to undermine the ability of central banks to perform their price stability mission. The recent wave of financial innovation, particularly innovation related to the application of information and communication technologies, poses a serious challenge to the financial industry’s business model in both its banking and non-banking components. It has already revolutionised financial services and, most likely, will continue to do so in the future. If not responded to adequately and timely by regulators, it may create new risks to financial stability, as occurred before the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. However, financial innovation will not seriously affect the process of monetary policymaking and is unlikely to undermine the ability of central banks to perform their price stability mission. |
| Keywords: | monetary policy, financial innovation, electronic money |
| JEL: | E41 E44 E51 E52 E58 G21 |
| Date: | 2017–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sec:cnstan:0488&r=pay |
| By: | Kim, Jongbum; Seo, Jeonghun |
| Abstract: | Technology adoption has long been studied on the information systems field. On the contrary, why people do not adopt a new technology has not been focused. Focusing solely on the enabling factors, important additional perceptions possibly have missed. This research adopt the concept of resistance to change to explain the peoples’ adoption behavior. Combined with theory of planned behavior and functional/psychological barriers that causes resistance, this study suggests a theoretical framework that can explain adoption behavior from another viewpoint. The model is validated by partial least square techniques. The barriers causes resistance to change and users with higher resistance to change have less intention to use. However, although subjective norm and self-efficacy from TPB have positive effect on intention to use, resistance to change does not mediate the relationships among them. This research expand the understanding of adoption behavior by examining inhibiting factors. The findings provide insights to the digital product providers, especially e-book publishers explaining why digital products fail in the marketplace. |
| Keywords: | Resistance to Change,E-book,Theory of Planned Behavior,Usage Barrier,Psychological Barrier |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168502&r=pay |
| By: | Kurosaka, Tatsuya; Osamura, Koji; Asaji, Rie; Koguchi, Teppei; Shoji, Masahiko; Jitsuzumi, Toshiya |
| Abstract: | In this research, we estimated the number of possible subscribers of the public switched telephone network (hereafter, referred to as “PSTN”) in the future of Japan based on the public data, and evaluated the alternatives as the candidates for the migration by comparative analysis, with respect to the definition of PSTN from the regulations in Japan. As the result of this analysis, the number of those subscribers in Japan will decrease to around 7.1 million households in 2030. Despite the telecommunication operators’ effort to provide their own NGN, 6.8 million subscribers will remain using PSTN. Then, 0.3 million households of them are going to live in the area where the telecommunication operators will not expand their own optical fiber network if the designation of the universal service on telecommunication service will not be reformed. The result also revealed the difficulties of migration from PSTN because the regulation for PSTN did not justify many of the alternatives including Metal IP Phone, IP phone using optical fiber, CATV, MVNO using LTE. |
| Keywords: | PSTN migration,universal service,IP telephone,Telecommunications regulation,broadband |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168507&r=pay |
| By: | Nicholls, Rob |
| Abstract: | The algorithm driven conduct of platform operators ; as the expert handlers of big data ; is starting to challenge the way in which competition law needs to be enforced. Businesses ; especially platform operators ; acquire data and particularly pricing information from other businesses in real-time. This leads to specific potential problems with autonomous actors engaged in algorithmic tacit collusion. These problems are compounded when usual legal tests for collusive price fixing require both a meeting of the minds of the colluding firms and a commitment to the price fixing conduct. It is not clear that bots meet either of these tests. The paper finds that price fixing is unethical using multiple analytical lenses but that the illegality of algorithmic tacit collusion is less clear. By considering the issues associated with concerted practices from a legal and ethical perspective ; the paper charts some approaches that might be applied. It uses changes in competition law in Australia to highlight potential ways of dealing with algorithmic tacit collusion ; but also highlights the potential unintended consequences associated with such changes. |
| Keywords: | Algorithmic tacit collusion,bots,business ethics,cartel conduct,concerted practices,price fixing |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168525&r=pay |
| By: | Lei, Haidong; Song, Luona; Lv, Tingjie; Chen, Xia |
| Abstract: | With the continuous development and iteration of telecommunication technology, the users’ requirements of the quality and service have increased dogmatically. In order to meet the diverse and personalized consumer demands, virtual network operators came into being. In 2013, China officially launched mobile wholesale business pilot which symbolized the arrival of virtual operation in China market. This paper explores the economic effect of China virtual operation from the perspective of consumer surplus and social welfare according to the data of data service from three years after the introduction of virtual operation. The results show that, after introducing virtual operators into China market, consumer surplus and social welfare have both enhanced. Moreover, comparing with the wholesale mode, simple virtual operation mode could provide greater consumer surplus and social welfare. At the same time, MVNO will get more profits. In the early stage, MVNO is in a weak position, but the policy of simple virtual operation mode reflects strong government support. Finally, this paper puts forward some recommendations based on the result of the mathematical model and China’s national conditions. |
| Keywords: | Virtual Operation,Mobile Wholesale,Consumer Surplus,Social Welfare |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168511&r=pay |
| By: | Neumann, Karl-Heinz; Plückebaum, Thomas |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168523&r=pay |
| By: | Peng, Kun; Cao, Bolin |
| Abstract: | This study aimed to bolster knowledge regarding the factors affecting adoption behaviors of online dating sites. We held the view that the adoption of online dating sites is not only a diffusion of innovation process but also an outcome of the interactions among individual, peers and society. Using the data collected from a telephone interview by the Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project in U.S., this study explored the role of perceived usefulness, perceived peer influence and perceived social reality in the adoption process. As a result, perceived usefulness of online dating sites was found to be the principal factor in influencing one’s choice of online dating sites. Also, perceived peer influence had been considered as another influential factor in this adoption process. However, perceived social reality had shown no impacts towards this adoption decision. |
| Keywords: | online dating sites (ODS),adoption,perceived usefulness,peer influence,social reality |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168534&r=pay |
| By: | Candelaria Barrera, José Alberto |
| Abstract: | The aim of this research consists on determine the factors that explain costumer satisfaction in the Mexican household fixed Internet service industry. The impossibility to measure directly our variable of interest entails the use of a factor analysis methodology which examines latent variables indirectly by employing measurable variables that are believed to be indicators of customer satisfaction. Data gathering is based on an anonymous questionnaire survey of 1481 adults interviewed by telephone conducted by a private consultant by request of the Mexican Federal Institute of Telecommunications on February 2016. The survey includes eight questions that gauge respondent's perceptions about the quality of services offered by his internet service provider. Subsequently, those opinions are coded on Likert scale of scores 1-5. These ordered-category data require the use of Polychoric correlation in order to find patterns between the indicators that allows us to infer their relationship to our unknown latent costumer satisfaction variable. Futher, the data gathered includes demographic characteristics of individuals and detailed information of internet service providers' characteristics, such as internet connection speed. The factor analysis was conducted with varimax rotation to obtain variable loads onto one factor as high as possible. The findings suggest the prevalence of two main factors: the first one related with technical features of the internet service and the second one with the service features provided by the internet service company. |
| Keywords: | Factor analysis,Polychoric correlation,Customer satisfaction,Internet service industry |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168476&r=pay |
| By: | Li, Shu-Chu; Chen, Yen-Shen; Ku, Linlin |
| Abstract: | Adopting Dimmick’s niche theory as its theoretical framework, this study examined the gratifications obtained and gratification opportunities from Facebook, Line, and email to understand the competitive relationships among the three interpersonal media in Taiwan. This study first conducted twenty intensive interviews to construct questionnaire items to measure users’ gratifications obtained and gratification opportunities from the three media. Then, a telephone survey was conducted to collect data and 1042 valid calls were obtained. The data analysis shows that (1) among the three interpersonal media, Line had the widest niche breadth and the highest scores of competitive superiority and competed strongly with Facebook; and (2) the competitive superiority scores of a medium were a powerful predictor of the use history of that medium. |
| Keywords: | the theory of the niche,Facebook,Line,email,gratifications obtained,gratification opportunities |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168514&r=pay |
| By: | Huang, Kuang-Chiu; Hsu, Jung-Fang |
| Abstract: | Smart bracelets are capable of identifying individual data, which can synchronize the step count, mileage, calorie consumption, heart rate, sleeping data and even the pictures users uploaded with the APP. This feature is so convenient on one hand but makes us lose control of our privacy on the other hand. With poor privacy protection mechanism embedded in these wearable devices that hackers can easily invade and steal user data. In addition, most smart bracelet companies have not made a clear declaration of which third parties are able to get users’ data, nor how long will the user's physical and health-related information be stored. These companies understand well that large amount of the user's movement and physiological monitoring data are valuable, because each user's information can be a unique sample. As soon as the smart bracelet companies collect extensive and diverse samples, they can figure out a variety of specific and practical applications through excavate data. Therefore, the research questions of this study are 1. how do smart bracelet companies strike a balance between protecting consumer privacy and selling user data to get more business opportunities? 2. In order to achieve this balance, what kind of strategy should smart bracelet companies adopt? This study addresses what measures smart bracelet companies take as well as what attitude they hold through literature review and the comparison of Fitbit, Xiaomi and Garmin's privacy policies. Meanwhile we adopt PEST analysis model and Porter’s diamond model to engage external analysis of three main vendors in order to have a further understanding of the environment in which the industry is poised. At last, we apply the stakeholder analysis to determine what strategies the companies should take in correspondence after identifying the direct and indirect stakeholders of the smart bracelet companies. This research outcome indicates that beneficial tangible service is the main factor affecting consumers whether to share their data with wearable vendors, but vendors have to be aware of the impacts of privacy issues by selling user data. It is possible that consumers resist buying the wearable products if they find their privacy is disturbed. Furthermore, this study is valuable not only to wearable device vendors to strike balance between privacy and profits but also policy makers to figure out the necessity to get involve in personal data protection over wearable device market. |
| Keywords: | wearable devices,smart bracelet,user privacy,PEST analysis,diamond model,stakeholder analysis |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168490&r=pay |
| By: | Hong, Areum; Nam, Changi; Kim, Seongcheol |
| Abstract: | Recently, smart home services have been highlighted as the Internet of things market grows. Since the smart home services were introduced in the market, they were expected to grow rapidly. However, the smart home market recently experienced chasm, and still remains in early stage. This paper tried to find the possible barriers that consumers encounter when they are faced with smart home services. Based on the resistance theory and perceived risk model, this paper investigates the influence of perceived risk on the resistance using the technological uncertainty and service intangibility as the antecedents of the perceived risk. Dividing the perceived risks into four types of performance risk, financial risk, privacy risk and psychological risk, the empirical results show that these four types of risk are affected by the technological uncertainty and service intangibility on the one hand, and have positive effects on the resistance to smart home on the other hand. When the survey respondents are divided into two groups of postponers and rejecters based on the resistance type, there are no big differences except that the privacy risk becomes unimportant to postpners and the financial risk becomes unimportant to rejecters. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168486&r=pay |
| By: | Boyer, Marcel |
| Abstract: | Pricing copyrighted works or assets has always been a difficult task given the information good character of such works. Doing it in the digital era is even more challenging. This paper proposes an approach to infer the respective competitive market value of copyrights in music from choices made by operators of Hertzian radio, satellite radio (SiriusXM), and interactive music streaming services (Spotify). Although the inferred music values are rather similar, they need not be equal or even close as business models and cost structures differ significantly between those music delivery technologies. Nevertheless the results suggest that rightsholders are significantly shortchanged and poorly served by the current copyright pricing framework. |
| Keywords: | Copyright; Copyright value; Hertzian radio; SiriusXM; Spotify |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:32067&r=pay |
| By: | Frieden, Rob |
| Abstract: | This article offers an unsponsored examination of current disputes whether national regulatory authorities (“NRAs”) should permit broadband carriers and content providers, such as Facebook, to subsidize broadband access to a limited, “walled garden” of content. The subsidy makes it possible for sponsored data access without debiting a monthly data allowance. Wireless subscribers, with service caps typically set at 1-5 Gigabytes allowed per month, can quickly exhaust their monthly allotment when streaming video content. Even so-called unlimited data plans in developed countries have monthly data thresholds that, if reached, trigger slower content delivery speeds and possibly degraded screen resolution of delivered video content. The article concludes that even though carriers and content providers serve profit maximizing goals in zero rating arrangements, the practice can have positive spillover effects including more access by impoverished users, stimulated interest in diversifying uses of wireless handsets and possible migration to broadband access options that equally support content consumption and creation. While carriers and content providers can migrate tentative, subsidized users into paying ones, zero rating also provides first time access opportunities, particularly for individuals least able to afford even extremely low cost access options available in many lesser developed countries. Additionally, zero rating can stimulate interest by consumers financially able to afford unsubsidized access, but heretofore uninterested in, or uninformed about the benefits. The article identifies ways for carriers and NRAs to limit subsidies in ways that accrue social benefits without creating an unlimited “free rider” opportunity for all wireless subscribers, regardless of ability to pay for service. The article suggests that carriers should offer zero rating opportunities on a conditional and promotional basis thereby making it more difficult for existing subscribers simply to use zero rating access as a way to avoid paying surcharges for exceeding data caps. While NRAs should not micro-manage carriers’ service pricing, establishing qualification rules for access to zero rating fits with other universal service initiatives that rely on well calibrated and targeted subsidies to simulate broadband service demand and supply. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168481&r=pay |
| By: | Huang, Kuang-Chiu; Lin, Yu-Cheng |
| Abstract: | The integration between electronic devices and networking enable convenient, comfortable, efficient and secure life. So there are a variety of smart home hubs and accessories migrating to daily life with all kinds of possibilities and extending the scope and coverage of Internet of Things (IoT). For an example, Amazon’s Echo launched in June 2015 and offers amazing capabilities. Its artificial intelligence voice assistant Alexa is a breakthrough invention, and people can not only search information, play music, read daily news, and place order instantly but also control auxiliary devices as television, air conditions, curtains, lights by their voice. In addition, the membership of Amazon, a giant of e-commerce, has reached to 65 millions prime membership and promotes Echo with affordable price $ 179 and five millions sales record. To exploit the value of network of this emerging market, Amazon has welcomed and invited third-party vendors to develop unique voice skills together and to establish the ecosystem effectively. Although Google’s Home launched lately in October 2016, its artificial intelligence voice assistant -Google Assistant is embedded strengths of Google search engine and sells for a competitive price $ 139 only. Google adopts the similar strategy to expand the eco-systems of smart home actively enhance smart home network effect with their huge resources. On the contrary, smart home hub vendors, Amazon, Google, and Samsung, not only compete each other, but also cooperate to enlarge this booming market together. For examples of cooperation case, the products of Nest which owned by Google compatible with Amazon’s Echo. Relatively, smart home auxiliary vendors, Philips, Nest, and Smartthings, adopt several strategic alliance with smart home hub vendors to compete on the one side and cooperate on the other side. Therefore, the interaction between hub vendors and auxiliary device vendors is an amazing game and affects the development of IoT future. Our study will outline its competition status and answer the question “how do stakeholders of smart home market cooperate and compete each other in the emerging stage?” The research method adopts three steps analysis for thorough study of the question. The Resource-based model from industry organization to analyze those smart home hub vendors for the 1st step. Value net model, Porter’s diamond model, and Ansoff matrix are analysis methods to be applied in the 2nd step for discussing external environment. And then, we enrich interaction discussion through case study as the last step. In the resource-based model, we address internal resources, capabilities, and core competences for both hub vendors and auxiliary device vendors to analyze competitive advantages. External analysis uses value net model to figure out how to develop strategies of horizontal and vertical competition in smart home industry. Also, we evaluate the capabilities of potential revenues and profits to analyze the relationship of each smart home hub enterprises, customers, suppliers, competitors, and complementors (smart home auxiliary vendors). Porter’s diamond model mainly focuses on market demand and government policies whether affect enterprises decisions, and chooses Ansoff matrix to analyze the development of different smart home products in different markets development decisions. Based on the prior analysis results, then we can take overall analysis on market level about the co-opetition relationship of network effect on smart home. |
| Keywords: | IoT,smart home,value net model,Porter’s diamond model,case study,Ansoff matrix,co-opetition |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168491&r=pay |
| By: | Yoo, Bosul; Katsumata, Sotaro; Ichikohji, Takeyasu |
| Abstract: | This study examines preceding factors of user innovation behavior using a case of smartphone applications toexamineindirect and direct effects of consumer attitude on user innovation. Specifically, this study focuses ontwo aspects of the user innovation evaluation:quality and quantity. Quality of user innovation in particular has the potentialtocontribute tothe profitability of firms thatprovide social mediaor other community services.This study proposes a structural model to examine the relationship between thesetwo user innovation aspects and preceding attitude factors, involvement, consumer knowledge,and customer orientation.The empirical analysisis based ona consumer survey to examine commonalitiesand differences in two countries: Japan and China. In each country, two services are chosen asrepresentative cases of the user-generated content business modelto measure user innovation behaviors based on the two aspectsmentioned.Byclarifying the preceding factors of user innovation behavior, this study hasimplications for new business models and future innovation research. |
| Keywords: | User Innovation,Smartphone Applications,UGC (User-Generated Content),Customer Orientation |
| JEL: | M31 M15 O30 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168553&r=pay |
| By: | Ueda, Masashi |
| Abstract: | The e-book market in Japan is growing in this decade and according to Impress R&D this tendency will be continue. In this paper, we collected 3,000 samples by online survey and found a tendency of consumption of e-book in Japan by using conjoint analysis. We found 1) attachment to physical objects in Japanese consumers, 2) high MWTP for device and providers. We check this by other questions and found tendency of Japanese consumer for e-distribution services. |
| Keywords: | e-book,online contents market,consumer survey |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168546&r=pay |
| By: | Nathalie Audigier (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire); Marie-Agnès De Gail (PREFics EA 4246 - Plurilinguismes, Représentations, Expressions Francophones - information, communication, sociolinguistique - UEB - Université européenne de Bretagne - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - Université François Rabelais - Tours - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2); Luc Derien (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire) |
| Abstract: | his article proposes an original marketing insight of the customer relationship management by the study of psychosociological variables which are explanatory of the behavior of the e‑consumer. Beyond the simple data collection, ICTS, and more particularly, the on‑line marketing tools (web site, forum, blog...) establish interesting ways to create a link and make the customers actors. How can companies use these supports in a convenient way without a risk of altering the trust of the voluntary participants? And how to value the implication of the customers so that they express their opinion and, involve themselves in the process of co‑creation of the offer, while protecting their feeling of autonomy and free arbitrator? We chose to collect qualitative information, thanks to semi‑directive interviews with marketing managers and with experts in customers relationship. Then with quantitative data, thanks to « Online Sphinx » questionnaires, we studied a cyber‑customers’ representative sample. We were so able to identify applications by which companies can be inspired in order to optimize the means of classical CRM. |
| Abstract: | En este artículo se propone una iluminación de comercialización inicial de la gestión de relaciones con los clientes a través del estudio de las variables psicosociales explicativos del comportamiento de la dirección de los consumidores. Más allá de la mera recopilación de información, TIC, y en particular, las herramientas de marketing en línea (sitio web, foro, blog...) son interesantes maneras de crear vínculos y hacer que los clientes de los actores. ¿Cómo pueden las empresas utilizar estos medios oportunos y sin riesgo de alterar la confianza de los voluntarios y participantes voluntarios? ¿Y la forma de fomentar la participación de los clientes para dar sus opiniones y participar en el proceso de co‑creación de la oferta, preservando al mismo tiempo su sentido de la autonomía y el libre albedrío? Elegimos para recopilar información cualitativa a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con funcionarios y expertos en marketing de relaciones y datos cuantitativos a través de cuestionarios « Sphinx en línea », con una muestra representativa de ciber‑ clientes. Hemos sido capaces de identificar la evolución operativa y suposiciones que las empresas pueden aprender a optimizar los dispositivos RCMP convencional. |
| Abstract: | Cet article propose un éclairage marketing original de la gestion de la relation client par l’étude de variables psychosociologiques explicatives du comportement de l’e-consommateur. Au-delà de la simple récolte d’informations, les TIC, et plus particulièrement, les outils du marketing en ligne (site internet, forum, blog,….) constituent des moyens intéressants pour créer du lien et rendre les clients acteurs. Comment les entreprises peuvent-elles utiliser ces supports de façon opportune sans risque d’altérer la confiance des participants volontaires et bénévoles ? Et comment favoriser l’implication des clients afin qu’ils donnent leur avis et, s’engagent dans le processus de co-création de l’offre tout en préservant leur sentiment d’autonomie et de libre-arbitre ? Nous avons choisi de collecter des informations qualitatives, grâce à des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de responsables et d’experts en marketing relationnel, et des données quantitatives, grâce à des questionnaires Sphinx on-line, auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de cyber-clients. Nous avons ainsi pu identifier des développements et postulats opérationnels dont les entreprises peuvent s’inspirer afin d’optimiser les dispositifs de GRC classiques. |
| Keywords: | customer relationship,e‑consumer,CRM,relaciones con los clientes,los consumidores,RCMP,GRC, co-création, implication client |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01570906&r=pay |
| By: | Marcus, J. Scott; Petropoulos, Georgios; Jitsuzumi, Toshiya |
| Abstract: | What policy measures might contribute to greater use of e‐commerce within the Asia‐Pacific region, especially on a cross‐border basis? What are the potential benefits, versus the potential costs? How feasible might it be to implement such measures? Surveys of consumers and merchants suggest that the Asia Pacific region is subject to challenges similar to those in Europe, where cross‐border e‐commerce has been a major policy focus for the past few years. We attempt in this paper to make a preliminary assessment of the applicability of European approaches to the strengthening of e‐commerce in the Asia Pacific region. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168517&r=pay |
| By: | Takasaki, Haruo; Nakamura, Toru; Kiyomoto, Shinsaku |
| Abstract: | Refinement of the legal framework that balancesthe protection and usage of personal data in online and offline services has been discussed globally. On the other hand, because of information asymmetry between users and service providers and bounded rationality of users, the existing notice-and-consent mechanism (Solove’s privacy self-management model) has proven inadequate in itseffectiveness. This research contributes to solvingthe abovementioned issues usinga complementary technical system(named Privacy Policy Manager). The Privacy Policy Manager creates users’privacy policies based on theirpreferences and supports them incontrollingdata disclosure and data usage in accordance with thesepolicies. |
| Keywords: | Privacy,Personal Data,Data Protection,PDS,Privacy by Design |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168544&r=pay |
| By: | Okamoto, Takashi; Yatsuhashi, Jiro; Mizutani, Naoki |
| Abstract: | With widespread use of smartphones, many people use smartphone online shopping applications to enjoy online purchasing. However, Japanese young people’s behavior and perceptions with regard to smartphone online shopping applications are unclear. To reveal these perceptions and priorities, this study examined Japanese respondents’ adoption of online shopping applications on smartphones by applying a choice-based conjoint analysis. This study revealed that our respondents place the highest priority on the security considerations of online shopping applications. Popularity is another important attribute of online shopping applications. Gender, living area, and users’ online purchase experience affect young people’s priorities for smartphone online purchasing. |
| Keywords: | Online Shopping Behavior,Smartphone Shopping Applications,Priorities,Conjoint Analysis |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168528&r=pay |
| By: | Katsumata, Sotaro; Ichikohji, Takeyasu |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of digital game users and discuss desirable development and marketing strategies for firms. This study developed measurement scales and empirically found that there are two segments in the market: “share” and “achievement” orientation. Some users require “achievement” for games. These users play games to feel a sense of achievement and prefer well-designed games. They desire to embed the gaming experience in their minds and respect the intention of game developers and designers. Other users need to “share” with other gamers. They wish to play games with their friends and seek communication through games. These users do not need sophisticated graphics or stories while they engage in games simultaneously with their friends. These two preferences are not mutually exclusive—some consumers have both intentions. |
| Keywords: | Smartphone,Digital game,Consumer behavior |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168500&r=pay |
| By: | Matsumoto,Yoshihisa; Ogawa, Masaru; Tsuji, Masatsugu |
| Abstract: | This study aims at evaluating the economic effect of a e-ambulance project, or emergency telemedicine in the rural areas in Kochi Prefecture in Japan. The focus is on ambulances equipped with ICT devices which transmit images of acute patients to remote hospitals. Kochi Prefecture started the e-ambulance project in Aki and Muroto Cities in 2012. From two cities, it takes approximately one hour to reach emergency hospitals located in Kochi City, the prefectural capital. One of the merits of e-ambulance with the image transmitting system is that doctors in accepting hospitals can monitor real time situation of a patient and prepare for necessary treatment prior to the time patient arrives. They thus save time and effort. In measuring benefit, this study employs different methodology; the e-ambulance project enhances wellness of residents since they perceive more secure. Thus the contingent valuation method (CVM) is applied and willingness to pay (WTP) is used as an index of benefit and estimated based on surveys to residents, which amounts to 1,747 yen per resident per year. Total cost calculated is 381,792,228 yen over three years, and accordingly, B/C ratio amounts 0.459. |
| Keywords: | e-ambulance,WTP,Cost-benefit analysis,CVM,B/C ratio |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168519&r=pay |
| By: | Kanayama, Tsutomu |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168497&r=pay |
| By: | Bei, Jing |
| Abstract: | Huge controversy has arisen since the Copyright (Amendment) Bill 2014 of Hong Kong, dubbed “Internet Article 23” by netizens, appeared in public view again, which was not adopted in the end. One of the concerns commonly raised by end users was whether uploading cover version (which refers to “online posting of earnest performance of copyright works” according to the Government’s definition) would attract legal liability under the Bill. It intends to first give an overview of the legal framework concerning cover version issue under Hong Kong copyright law. It then considers why such issue has provoked intensive discussion in a political context. The article argues in conclusion that both the Government and public institutions can further their role in supporting creative and social innovation in music industry in the digital environment. |
| Keywords: | Copyright (Amendment) Bill 2014,earnest performance,cover version,copyright,legislation |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168474&r=pay |
| By: | Büter, Clemens; Schmidt, Kathrin; Castañeda, Aída Spiegeler |
| Abstract: | Die Bank Payment Obligation (BPO) ist eine neue Zahlungsbedingung im Außenhandel. Sie wird von Banken angeboten, um die Risiken im Außenhandelsgeschäft sowohl für den Exporteur als auch für den Importeur zu reduzieren. Die BPO ist eine unwiderrufliche Zahlungsverpflichtungserklärung der Bank des Importeurs zugunsten der Bank des Exporteurs auf der Grundlage eines elektronischen Abgleichs von Verkäufer- und Käuferdaten zwischen den beteiligten Banken. Die Dokumente werden vom Verkäufer an den Käufer nach dem elektronischen Datenabgleich übermittelt. Eine BPO kann zur Beschleunigung und damit auch zur Effizienzsteigerung des internationalen Handels beitragen. Wesentliche Grundlage der Bank Payment Obligation sind die von der International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) herausgegebenen Uniform Rules for Bank Payment Obligations (URBPO). Sie wurden von der ICC im Jahr 2013 veröffentlicht. Die URBPO entstanden durch Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Bankenkommission der Internationalen Handelskammer und der Society for Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT). Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Hintergründe sowie die bisherigen Entwicklungen und praktischen Erfahrungen bei der Umsetzung der Bank Payment Obligation zu beschreiben. Dies erfolgte in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der Commerzbank AG in Frankfurt am Main, welche eine Pilotfunktion in diesem Bereich innehat. Unser ganz besonderer Dank gilt dabei Angela Koll und Frank-Oliver Wolf von der Commerzbank AG. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hkowis:242017&r=pay |
| By: | Oktavianus, Jeffry; Oviedo, Helena; Gonzalez, Winiber; Putri, Andriani Pratama; Lin, Trisha T. C. |
| Abstract: | Despite the unprecedented global diffusion of Pokémon Go, some refuse to jump on the bandwagon of this augmented reality (AR) mobile gaming. This exploratory study conducts in-depth interviews with 30 non-adopters (discontinuers and resistors), after the gaming experienced setbacks, in order to identify the factors affecting young Taiwanese smartphone users and gamers’ innovation resistance. The results show physical and time risk concerned both groups of non-adopters when they got addicted to Pokémon Go, pinpointing the significance of physical danger and temporal issues in relation to innovation resistance. Discontinuers and resistors had further distinct reasons for resisting the game. Usage barrier had a strong impact on discontinuers. Playing the game is not compatible with their schedule, leading them to stop playing Pokémon Go. While image barrier was the prominent factor for resistors. Even without playing the game, they perceived the game negatively leading them to refuse to play the game. |
| Keywords: | Pokémon Go,innovation resistance,usage barrier,value barrier,risk barrier,tradition barrier,image barrier,social barrier,resistor,discontinuer |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168529&r=pay |
| By: | Li, Shu-Chu Sarrina; Chen, Yen-Shen |
| Abstract: | This study adopted Rogers’ diffusion of innovation model to investigate the adoption of three social media with high penetration in Taiwan—Facebook, Line, and email. Special attention was paid to identifying the factors that differentiated the non-adopters (who did not adopt any of the three social media) from the all-adopters (who adopted all three social media), the partial-adopters (who adopted two social media), and the minimum-adopters (who adopted only one social medium). Two methods were adopted; one was to conduct 20 intensive interviews and the other was to administer a nationwide telephone survey with 1042 valid questionnaires. Two conclusions were obtained: (1) The characteristics of the non-adopters were congruent with those of the laggards in Rogers’ model, demonstrating that the non-adopters were less educated, less affluent, older, and used mass media less frequently than the other types of adopters; (2) the lifestyles of the non-adopters differed greatly from those of all-adopters, partial-adopters, and minimum-adopters. |
| Keywords: | Facebook,Line,email,Rogers’ diffusion of innovation model,non-adopters,lifestyle |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168515&r=pay |
| By: | Mekuria, Teklemariam; Kwon, Youngsun |
| Abstract: | The digital divide is now a subject of priority and a serious concern to East African Countries. This research has been made to have comprehensive understanding of the level of the digital divide in Ethiopia including the neighbouring countries and identify the lessons of best performing countries’ in the industry to adopt their best practice in bridging of the digital divide for Ethiopia and East African countries . The main objective of the research was finding the relationship between the informatization level and contributors for its successful performance. The study was made based on the secondary data sources having purposive sampling from East African Countries and best performing countries. The Information Communication Technology Development Index (IDI) which measures the digital divide of the economies combines eleven indicators on ICT access, use and skills, capturing key aspects of ICT development in one measure that allows for comparisons across countries and over time. The Indicator weights were chosen based on the principal component analysis (PCA) results as it has been indicated in ITU country report. The access and use sub-indices were given equal weight (40 %) having minor adjustment from ITU analysis, while the skills sub-index was given lesser weight (20 %) as it is using based on proxy indicators. The average ICT Development Index (IDI) value of the UN member countries rose by 0.20 points to 4.94 (out of 10), with smaller increase at the top and at the bottom of the global list of countries before last year (2015). For frog leaping strategy, Ethiopia and the neighbouring countries can learn a lot of lessons from Korea and Denmark that has been ranked on the top of international telecommunication union reports of 2015 & 2016. This reflects the high level of ICT investment and innovation occurring in Korea & Denmark. Korea & Denmark have population with relatively high incomes and the skills needed to make effective use of ICTs. The identified best informatization practices are not only the best practices of ICT tools but also it will include the implementation support such as informatization policies, guide-lines, legal frameworks, institutional arrangements, proven strategic planning and project management experiences. Hence, this will have its own contribution on the socio-economic transformation of the case study countries. . It is believed that Bridging the digital divide and creating opportunity for universal access to ICT would bring about a global community of interaction, commerce, services and learning resulting in higher standards of living and improved social welfare. This study will be resourceful material for East African countries (Ethiopia) on deepening the understanding of the digital divide and can be taken as a background document for project preparation for digital divide bridging for the countries, too. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168520&r=pay |
| By: | Nakamura, Akihiro; Shishikura, Manabu; Kasuga, Norihiro; Jitsuzumi, Toshiya; Koguchi, Teppei |
| Abstract: | In this study, we analyze the Japanese TV audience’s preference for real-time viewing(RTV) and time-shifted viewing(TSV), which includes video-recording, and both pirate and official contents on the internet, using the WEB survey data the authors conducted in August 2016 in Japan. From the economics point of view, the cost is one of the most important factors affecting consumers’ behaviors; however there is no surcharge to view terrestrial TV contents (except NHK), which are the most pervasive in Japan, so it is difficult to investigate the cost effect on TV demand behaviors. In the past studies, individual time value is employed as a proxy of cost. The wage is used as individual time value; however it doesn’t well reflect time value on the time he/she views TVs during his/her recreation time. Although this modeling is proper, in fact, the measurement of time value in recreation time is difficult to be measured by his/her wage. In this paper, we employ the different variable as a proxy of individual time value. In the survey we asked the respondents whether he/she watch TVs in three time slots on August 1st and whether he/she record or plan to view the contents broadcasted in these time slots. In addition, we asked whether he/she have time to view TVs easily or not by three scales; 1:no problem to view on that time, 2:OK to view on that time, 3:difficult to view on that time. We inserted this variable as his/her cost proxy to view TV contents, and estimate demand function of RTV and TSV. Our empirical results show that this variable statistically affects RTV behaviors but not TSV behaviors. Other factors’ effects estimated under controlled by the above variable will be presented in the conference. |
| Keywords: | Demand analysis,Discrete choice model,Real-time viewing,Time-shifted viewing,Terrestrial TV,WEB survey |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168521&r=pay |
| By: | Cheng, John W.; Mitomo, Hitoshi |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of media form on audiences’ perceived image of the television news media. Specifically, it compares the perceived sense of presence between two different media forms –television and smartphone, and examines their effects on the perceived brand personality of a news medium. This study uses NHK –the national public broadcasters– news coverage during the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake over the air and the Internet as a case study. Using a quantitative approach with data collected from an original survey, it is found that television as a media form provides a stronger sense of presence that smartphone, and also has a stronger influence on the perceived brand personality of a news medium, especially on its perceived competence. That being said, it is also found that smartphone can also exert some influence, in particular on the perceived dynamism and sociability of the medium. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168479&r=pay |
| By: | Piotr Dybka; Michal Kowalczuk; Bartosz Olesinski; Marek Rozkrut; Andrzej Toroj |
| Abstract: | Model-based econometric techniques of the shadow economy estimation have been increasingly popular, but a systematic approach to getting the best of their complementarities has so far been missing. We review the dominant approaches in the literature –currency demand analysis (CDA) and MIMIC model – and propose a novel hybrid procedure that addresses their previous critique, in particular the misspecification issues in CDA equations and the vague transformation of the latent variable obtained via MIMIC model into interpretable levels and paths of the shadow economy. Our proposal is based on a new identification scheme for the MIMIC model, referred to as 'reverse standarizaton'. It supplies the MIMIC model with the panel-structured information on the latent variable's mean and variance obtained from the CDA estimates, treating this information as given in the restricted full information maximum likelihood function. This approach allows us to avoid some controversial steps, such as choosing an externally estimated reference point for benchmarking or adopting other ad hoc identifying assumptions. We estimate the shadow economy for up to 43countries, with the results obtained in the range of 2.8% to 29.9% of GDP. Various versions of our models remain robust as regards changes in the level of the shadow economy over time and the relative position of the analysed countries. We also find that the contribution of (a correctly specified) MIMIC model to the measurement of trends in the shadow economy is marginal as compared to the contribution of the CDA model. |
| Keywords: | Shadow economy, MIMIC,Currency Demand Approach, Restricted Full Information Maximum Likelihood |
| JEL: | C10 C51 C59 E26 H26 O17 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sgh:kaewps:2017030&r=pay |
| By: | Kaneko, Keiko |
| Abstract: | Due to the development of technology and threats, personal information leakage is getting inevitable. In Japan, societal criticism and possible a large amount of economic loss occur to the entity having leaked personal information, but not so much against data broker purchasing the leaked information or entity buying it from them. To strengthen the restriction against the latter, the 2015 amendment of Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APIP) introduced the traceability and the on-site inspection authority by the Personal Information Protection Committee(PPC), but the authority can not conduct without clue that the personal information is in circulation. In the United States, there are monitoring services for important personal information which may lead economic damage or identity theft to the information subject, but in countries like Japan, where even basic information is accountable, monitoring for wider range of personal information is desired. Meanwhile, in the Do Not Call system introduced in 18 countries around the world, consumers can simply delete their information from the call list of the telemarketer only by registering their phone number with the National Registration. This is useful as a system to control consumers' personal information without imposing a burden of actively pursue specific entities using it by consumers. Here, I would like to propose a "Do not hold" system to delete personal information illegally acquired by enabling the authority to investigate it by which it gets possible to identify the entity having the information of the data subject. |
| Keywords: | personal information,data broaker,Do not call,the unsolicited marketing communication |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168498&r=pay |
| By: | Lin, Xuchen; Lu, Ting-Jie; Chen, Xia |
| Abstract: | The technical change in telecommunications industry is tremendous, and it is exactly the continuous technological progress in telecommunications that brings sustained prosperity and development of the telecommunications industry. Inthis paper, the interplay between technology, market and government in telecommunicationsis discussed brieflyin the first place, and thenwe introduce technologyand government into the traditional SCP paradigm as essential factorswhich have economic meaningstoconstruct a new industry analysis framework called TGM (SCP). Basedon this framework, we propose thespiral coevolutionmodel of telecommunications industrywhich elaborates on the interaction mechanism between technological innovation, government regulation and market evolution in telecommunications. Our study indicatesthatthe evolution of the telecommunications industry is the result of technological innovation, government regulation and market competition, and among the three, technological innovation is the fundamental driving force. Compared to the “invisible hand”—market and “visible hand” —government, we believe that technology is the “third hand” in telecommunications industry. The policy implications regarding thesefindingsaregiven at the end of this paper. |
| Keywords: | technological innovation,government regulation,telecommunications,industry analysis |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168516&r=pay |
| By: | Hasbi, Maude |
| Abstract: | I estimate the impact of very high-speed broadband networks on some measures of local economic growth in France. I use panel data estimations with time- and municipal-fixed effects. I show that municipalities with a very high-speed broadband network tend to be more attractive for companies. I find a positive impact on the number of companies of all non-farm market sectors operating locally, along with a positive impact on company creation. In addition, municipalities with a very high-speed broadband network provide a more favorable environment for entrepreneurship, as it has a positive effect on the creation of sole proprietorships. The estimation results also show a positive impact on unemployment reduction. |
| Keywords: | Fiber,Very High-Speed Broadband,Local Economic Growth,Company Creation |
| JEL: | L13 L50 L96 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168484&r=pay |
| By: | Yanga, Shuying; Kim, Seongcheol |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsp17:168549&r=pay |
| By: | John R. Graham; Mark T. Leary |
| Abstract: | We put the recent increase in corporate cash in historic perspective by studying nearly 100 years of average and aggregate cash holdings. Corporate cash more than doubled in the first 25 years of our sample before returning to 1920 levels by 1970. Since then, average and aggregate patterns diverge. To understand these patterns, we examine both time-series and cross-sectional variation in cash policies and draw several conclusions. First, the increase in average cash ratios since 1980 is driven entirely by a shift in the cash policies of new entrants, while within-firm changes have been negative or flat since WW II. Second, the cross-sectional relations documented on modern data are remarkably stable back to the 1920s. Third, despite the stability of these relations, firm characteristics explain little of the time series variation in aggregate cash holdings over the century. Macroeconomic conditions, corporate profitability and investment, and (since 2000) repatriation tax incentives help fill this gap. |
| JEL: | E41 G32 H32 N0 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23767&r=pay |