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on Neuroeconomics |
| By: | Benjamin Pitt (IAST - Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse) |
| Abstract: | To navigate complex physical environments, animals keep track of the spatial relations among objects using various reference frames, both body-based (e.g., left/right) and environment-based (e.g., east/west), but how these spatial representations interact remains unresolved. Whereas neuroscientific findings show habitual integration across reference frames, psycholinguistic accounts suggest humans use one reference frame at a time, as in speech. This article examines whether people spontaneously use two reference frames in the same action. When placing a single object in a two-dimensional array, adult participants (N = 110) routinely used an environment-based frame to determine the object's left-right position while using a body-based frame to determine its front-back position at the same time. Such hybrid responses were prevalent among both Indigenous Tsimane' and educated U.S. participants, suggesting that people across cultures habitually construct compound cognitive maps to represent the multidimensional spatial relations that compose natural settings. |
| Keywords: | spatial, non-WEIRD, memory, culture, cognition |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05544906 |
| By: | Daniel Parshall; Andrea Lopez-Luzuriaga |
| Abstract: | Existing frameworks for measuring AI's labor market exposure decompose imperfectly across distinct dimensions: whether AI can perform a task, whether deployment is physically feasible, and whether institutions permit it. We propose CDR, a three-axis ordinal taxonomy that separates these dimensions into Cognitive complexity (C0–C4), Deployment difficulty (D0–D4), and Regulatory restrictions (R0–R4), extending Autor's (2003) routine/non-routine x cognitive/manual framework into a finer-grained classification space suitable for measuring AI exposure. Applying CDR to the full O*NET task universe (23, 850 task-activity pairs across 923 occupations, classified via multi-model LLM consensus: Claude Sonnet 4.6, GPT-5-mini, Gemini 3 Flash, validated against flagship models), we find that 40.2% of U.S. economy-weighted labor time falls in tasks that are within current AI cognitive reach (C |
| Keywords: | AI; Task Exposure; Labor Time Allocation. |
| JEL: | O33 C49 J21 J22 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gwc:wpaper:2026-005 |
| By: | Thomas {\AA}stebro; Frank M. Fossen; C\'edric Gutierrez |
| Abstract: | How do entrepreneurs act on their beliefs when probabilities of outcomes are unknown but subjectively perceived? We theorize that two distinct dimensions of ambiguity attitudes influence entrepreneurial action: ambiguity aversion - the unwillingness to bear ambiguity - and ambiguity sensitivity - how individuals discriminate between different levels of perceived chances of success. The second dimension determines how much entrepreneurs adjust their actions based on new information - a distinct aspect that cannot be captured by ambiguity aversion alone. Our theory suggests that entrepreneurs with different growth orientations have different ambiguity attitudes as compared to employees. Using incentivized measures from a large-scale survey, we find that incorporated entrepreneurs exhibit lower ambiguity aversion than employees, indicating that they are more willing to act under ambiguity. Distinctively, unincorporated self-employed individuals show higher ambiguity sensitivity, indicating that their actions are more responsive to changes in their beliefs. These patterns persist after controlling for risk attitudes, optimism, cognitive ability, and demographics. Our results highlight the distinct impacts of ambiguity aversion and ambiguity sensitivity on entrepreneurial actions. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.14148 |
| By: | Milena Chełchowska |
| Abstract: | Personality traits are strong predictors of subjective well-being with meta-analyses supporting the relationships. However, the role of personality similarity in romantic couples, especially among older adults, remains unclear. This article aims to examine the actor and partner effects of personality traits on subjective well-being among older people in Europe. They include the effects on longitudinal development of subjective well-being as well as the under-researched impact of partners’ (dis)similarity in terms of personality traits. The study analyzes subjective well-being among older European couples using data from three waves of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (from 2017-2022). It employs APIM and DRSA models to examine actor, partner, and personality similarity effects. Subjective well-being is measured using the CASP-12 scale, while personality traits are assessed using the Big Five inventory. Personality predicted subjective well-being over time at actor and partner levels. Neuroticism showed the strongest negative, conscientiousness the strongest positive actor effect. Extraversion had the strongest partner effect. Actor effects were generally stronger than partner effects for subjective well-being levels, but the reverse was true for subjective well-being development. Similarity effects were limited, though trait combinations revealed nuanced interactions. The findings confirm the importance of both partners’ personality traits for long-term subjective well-being, with effects varying by trait and outcome. They underscore the value of a dyadic longitudinal approach in revealing complex, trait-specific dynamics beyond simple similarity effects. |
| Keywords: | Dyads, Older adults, Subjective well-being, Personality traits, Actor-partner interdependence model, Dyadic reponse surface analysis |
| JEL: | J14 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sgh:kaewps:2026115 |
| By: | Noriko NUMATA; Yoichi SEKIZAWA; Yijing BAI; Akari MATSUZAWA; Yoshikazu NODA; Tsubasa SASAKI; Eiji SHIMIZU |
| Abstract: | Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of a digital healthcare intervention based on a cognitive behavioral approach for women suffering from depressive symptoms caused by physical and psychosocial changes associated with menopause. Methods: Women aged 40 to under 60 years were recruited online, and 968 participants who met the eligibility criteria were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 488) or a control group (n = 480). For four weeks the intervention group was provided with a self-care application mainly focused on psychoeducation (five days per week). The primary outcome was measured with the “Coping with Menopausal Symptoms Scale.” Secondary outcomes included depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), menopausal symptoms (Simplified Menopausal Index: SMI), and mental well-being (WHO-5). Data were analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM). Results: For the primary outcome, the intervention group did not show a statistically significant improvement compared with the control group. For PHQ-9, GAD-7, and WHO-5 the intervention group showed significant improvements compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed in the SMI between the two groups. Limitations: Only 238 participants (approximately 50%) in the intervention group implemented the intervention, and outcome measures were not collected from participants who did not participate in the intervention. Therefore, the effects of the intervention may have been overestimated. Conclusion: This digital self-care intervention may be effective in improving depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and subjective well-being among perimenopausal and menopausal women. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:26016 |