nep-neu New Economics Papers
on Neuroeconomics
Issue of 2025–07–28
five papers chosen by
Daniel Houser, George Mason University


  1. Beyond Time: Unveiling the Invisible Burden of Mental Load By Francesca Barigozzi; Pietro Biroli; Chiara Monfardini; Natalia Montinari; Elena Pisanelli; Sveva Vitellozzi
  2. Towards a better understanding of the development of non-cognitive skills in children. Final report: DFG grant no. SCHI 1377/1-1 and SCHI 1377/1-2 By Schildberg-Hörisch, Hannah
  3. Humans expect rationality and cooperation from LLM opponents in strategic games By Darija Barak; Miguel Costa-Gomes
  4. Exogenous Surprises and Emotional Outcomes: An Analysis of Well-Being Dynamics. How has the happiness and optimism of Italians been affected by the US 2024 election result? By Canova, Luciano; Paladino, Giovanna
  5. Childbirth, Baby Bonus, and Maternal Mental Health By Sua Kang; Wookun Kim; Kanghyock Koh

  1. By: Francesca Barigozzi; Pietro Biroli; Chiara Monfardini; Natalia Montinari; Elena Pisanelli; Sveva Vitellozzi
    Abstract: This paper introduces a novel, scalable methodology to measure individual perceptions of gaps in mental load -- the cognitive and emotional burden associated with organizing household and childcare tasks -- within heterosexual couples. Using original data from the TIMES Observatory in Italy, the study combines time-use diaries with new survey indicators to quantify cognitive labor, emotional fatigue, and the spillover of mental load into the workplace. Results reveal systematic gender asymmetries: women are significantly more likely than men to bear organizational responsibility for domestic tasks, report lower satisfaction with this division, and experience higher emotional fatigue. These burdens are underestimated by their partners. The effects are particularly pronounced among college-educated and employed women, who also report greater spillovers of family responsibilities than men during paid work hours. The perceived responsibility for managing family activities is more strongly associated with within-couple gaps in time use than with the absolute time spent on their execution, underscoring the relational and conflictual nature of mental load.
    Date: 2025–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.11426
  2. By: Schildberg-Hörisch, Hannah
    Abstract: Non-cognitive skills are key predictors of central life outcomes such as educational attainment, earnings and health outcomes. Despite their fundamental importance, we know surprisingly little about how these skills form. This project advances our understanding of the formation of non-cognitive skills in childhood and adolescence. In defining non-cognitive skills, we adopt an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses both economic preferences and personality traits. Skill measurement relies on incentivized experiments and validated survey scales. By combining the collection of four waves of panel data on non-cognitive skills of 3, 000 whole families with a randomized controlled trial, we provide causal evidence on investments as possible drivers of skill formation on top of cutting-edge descriptive evidence. Children in 135 elementary schools in Bangladesh were randomly assigned to participation in the social and emotional learning program Lions Quest (LQ) that is designed to enhance children's non-cognitive skills. Using the model of skill formation as a common underlying theoretical framework, our findings on skill formation between age 6 and 18 include the following: Participation in LQ increases children's self-control and prosociality. Our results indicate sensitive periods in the formation of self-control and patience around ages 7-9; prosociality is similarly malleable throughout ages 7-11. Participation in LQ also increases children's educational attainment, which in part seems to operate through improving LQ teachers' teaching style. Using our panel data, we go beyond previous cross-sectional evidence by studying the dynamic, within individual development of children's preferences over time. We provide first evidence on self productivity and cross-fertilization of children's preferences. We demonstrate that parents' mental health, their parenting style and investments into children are important sources of the substantial heterogeneity in children's preference trajectories. Based on a novel experimental measure of parental paternalism, we show that most parents interfere paternalistically in their children's intertemporal decision-making to (effectively) mitigate their present bias. Finally, our results highlight the importance of the local environment beyond the family for the formation of children's preferences. We find that adverse shocks such as natural catastrophes can reverse the typical age trajectory of patience, challenging the common notion that patience universally increases as children grow. Using spatial autoregressive models and Kriging, we show that models with spatial components explain a considerable part of so far unexplained variation in children's preferences. In sum, our findings promote basic research on the formation of non-cognitive skills and offer advice to parents, teachers and policy makers on how to foster the development of children's skills.
    Abstract: Aktuelle Forschung verdeutlicht, dass nicht-kognitive Fähigkeiten starke Vorhersagekraft für zentrale Lebensergebnisse wie Bildungs- und beruflichen Erfolg oder Gesundheit besitzen. Trotz ihrer enormen Bedeutung ist aber weitgehend unerforscht, wie nicht-kognitive Fähigkeiten in Kindheit und Jugend entstehen. Hier setzt unser Projekt an. Die zugrundeliegende Definition nicht-kognitiver Fähigkeiten umfasst dabei sowohl Zeit-, Risiko- und soziale Präferenzen als auch Persönlichkeitseigenschaften, die wir mit incentivierten Experimenten und validierten Fragebogenmaßen messen. Die Kombination aus 4 Wellen Paneldaten zu den nicht-kognitiven Fähigkeiten 3.000 ganzer Familien und einem kontrolliert randomisierten Experiment ermöglicht es, innovative deskriptive und kausale Evidenz zur Rolle von Investitionen für die Herausbildung von nicht-kognitiven Fähigkeiten im Alter von 6 bis 18 Jahren bereitzustellen. Kinder aus 135 Grundschulen in Bangladesch wurden zufällig der Teilnahme am Programm Lions Quest (LQ) zugeordnet, das darauf abzielt, ihre nicht-kognitiven Fähigkeiten zu fördern. Auf der Grundlage des Modells zur Entstehung von Fähigkeiten von Heckman und Koautoren haben wir u.a. folgende Forschungsergebnisse gewonnen: Die Teilnahme an LQ erhöht neben dem Lernerfolg auch die Selbstkontrolle und Prosozialität der Kinder. Das Alter von 7-9 stellt eine sensitive Periode für die Entwicklung von Selbstkontrolle und Geduld dar, während Prosozialität über die gesamte Grundschulzeit hinweg in ähnlichem Ausmaß formbar ist. Die Paneldatenanalyse erlaubt es, jenseits der bisherigen Querschnittsanalysen die dynamische Entwicklung der Präferenzen von Kindern auf individueller Ebene zu untersuchen. So stellen wir erste Evidenz zur Selbstproduktivität und gegenseitigen Förderung von ökonomischen Präferenzen der Kinder bereit. Wir zeigen, dass die mentale Gesundheit der Eltern, ihr Erziehungsstil und ihre Investitionen in ihre Kinder wichtige Ursachen für deren unterschiedliche Präferenzentwicklung sind. Mit Hilfe eines neuen experimentellen Maßes für elterlichen Paternalismus dokumentieren wir, dass die Mehrheit der Eltern in die intertemporalen Entscheidungen ihrer Kinder eingreift, um deren Gegenwartsverzerrung (effektiv) abzumildern. Wir zeigen außerdem, wie wichtig die lokale Umgebung jenseits der Familie für die Präferenzentwicklung der Kinder ist. Negative Shocks wie Naturkatastrophen können das typische Entwicklungsmuster einer mit dem Alter zunehmenden Geduld ins Gegenteil verkehren. Empirische Modelle, die räumliche Komponenten berücksichtigen, erklären einen großen Anteil der bisher unerklärten Variation in den Präferenzen der Kinder. Die neuen Einsichten unseres Forschungsprogramms bringen nicht nur die Grundlagenforschung zur Entstehung nicht-kognitiver Fähigkeiten entscheidend voran, sondern bieten auch Eltern, Lehrern und Politikern Hilfestellung, wie sie die Entwicklung nicht-kognitiver Fähigkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen unterstützen können.
    Date: 2025
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esrepo:321337
  3. By: Darija Barak; Miguel Costa-Gomes
    Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) integrate into our social and economic interactions, we need to deepen our understanding of how humans respond to LLMs opponents in strategic settings. We present the results of the first controlled monetarily-incentivised laboratory experiment looking at differences in human behaviour in a multi-player p-beauty contest against other humans and LLMs. We use a within-subject design in order to compare behaviour at the individual level. We show that, in this environment, human subjects choose significantly lower numbers when playing against LLMs than humans, which is mainly driven by the increased prevalence of `zero' Nash-equilibrium choices. This shift is mainly driven by subjects with high strategic reasoning ability. Subjects who play the zero Nash-equilibrium choice motivate their strategy by appealing to perceived LLM's reasoning ability and, unexpectedly, propensity towards cooperation. Our findings provide foundational insights into the multi-player human-LLM interaction in simultaneous choice games, uncover heterogeneities in both subjects' behaviour and beliefs about LLM's play when playing against them, and suggest important implications for mechanism design in mixed human-LLM systems.
    Date: 2025–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.11011
  4. By: Canova, Luciano; Paladino, Giovanna
    Abstract: This paper investigates the emotional impact of exogenous political shocks on individual well-being by examining how Italian citizens’ optimism and happiness responded to the unexpected outcome of the 2024 U.S. presidential election. Leveraging a unique two-wave panel dataset collected before and after the election, we implement a difference-in-differences design to estimate the causal effect of electoral surprise. Respondents who had confidently predicted a Kamala Harris victory and were subsequently surprised by Donald Trump’s re-election exhibited a significant decline in self-reported happiness, controlling for individual characteristics. We interpret this as evidence of the emotional cost of unexpected geopolitical outcomes, even when such events occur abroad. Our findings underscore the conceptual distinction between optimism (a forward-looking cognitive disposition) and happiness (an affective state), showing that optimism may amplify both the emotional gains from positive outcomes and the emotional costs of negative surprises. The analysis contributes to the literature on subjective well-being by highlighting the role of global events in shaping personal affective responses and by emphasizing the need to account for exogenous shocks in models of life satisfaction. Finally, we discuss implications for future research on the causal relationship between optimism and happiness and suggest methodological strategies for disentangling endogeneity between the two constructs.
    Keywords: exogenous emotional shocks, optimism, subjective wellbeing
    JEL: C21 D91 I31
    Date: 2025–06–25
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125123
  5. By: Sua Kang; Wookun Kim; Kanghyock Koh
    Abstract: We study the impacts of childbirth on maternal mental health, the role of pro-natalist cash transfers, and the fertility consequences of maternal mental health. Using claims-level data from South Korea's universal healthcare system, we find that mental health diagnoses rise by 34.8% (198.7%) after the first (second) birth. We find little evidence that cash transfers mitigate these effects. As potential mechanisms, we examine liquidity constraints, labor market changes, time use, and social stigma. Lastly, we document that poor mental health after childbirth is negatively associated with the likelihood of having another child.
    Keywords: mental health, pro-natalist cash transfers, fertility
    JEL: J13 I10 H75
    Date: 2025
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11986

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