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on Neuroeconomics |
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Issue of 2024‒04‒08
seven papers chosen by |
| By: | Beatrice Rammstedt; Clemens M. Lechner; Daniel Danner |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews a number of previous studies that have investigated how measure of non-cognitive skills predict important life outcomes such as educational attainment, employment, earnings, and self-reported health and life satisfaction. All reviewed studies analyse data from large-scale surveys from multiple countries and rely on the Big-Five framework to assess non-cognitive skills. The paper finds that measures of non-cognitive skills are robustly and consistently associated to indicators of life success in youth and adulthood, and have incremental predictive power over traditional measures of cognitive ability. |
| Date: | 2024–03–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:eduaab:311-en&r=neu |
| By: | Ohto Kanninen; Hannu Karhunen; Jeremias Nieminen |
| Abstract: | We exploit admission cutoffs to secondary schools to study the effects of general academically oriented, versus vocational secondary schooling on cognitive and non-cognitive skills using a regression discontinuity design. We measure these skills using the Finnish Defence Forces Basic Skills Test that due to compulsory military service covers the vast majority of Finnish men and is a strong predictor of later labor market success. We find that large differences in average skills across students that differ in their schooling when entering military service are due to selection rather than causal effects of secondary schooling on either cognitive or non-cognitive skills. |
| Keywords: | public employment services, cost-shifting, fiscal federalism, decentralization |
| JEL: | H11 H75 J48 J64 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pst:wpaper:337&r=neu |
| By: | Bernard Claverie (IDC - Institut de Cognitique - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Cognitique, EA-487 - Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives - Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, ENSC - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Cognitique - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - UB - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, HEAL - Human engineering for Aerospace Laboratory - THALES [France]); Jean-François Trinquecoste (IRGO - Institut de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Bordeaux, Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Bordeaux) |
| Abstract: | Directed cognitive influence consists, particularly in the field of cognitive warfare, of altering, modifying, or preventing the autonomous development of a human target's thoughts. These interventions can have lasting, even permanent, consequences on the targeted people. Several methods are used, some of which relate to psychology or medicine, which obviously raises the problem of the ethics of such practices in an illegal exercise of protected professions. |
| Abstract: | L'influence cognitive orientée consiste, notamment pour ce qui est du domaine de la guerre cognitive, à altérer, modifier ou empêcher le déroulement autonome de la pensée d'une cible humaine. Ces interventions peuvent avoir des conséquences durables sur les personnes ciblées, voire définitives. Plusieurs méthodes sont utilisées dont certaines relèvent de la psychologie ou de la médecine, ce qui pose évidemment le problème de l'éthique de telles pratiques dans un exercice illégal de professions protégées. |
| Keywords: | Cognition, cognitive warfare, ethics, influence, psychological operations, psychology, Behaviour control, Behaviour, éthique, guerre psychologique, guerre cognitive, psychologie, MOTS-CLÉS. Cognition éthique influence guerre psychologique guerre cognitive médecine psychologie Cognition cognitive warfare ethics influence medicine psychological operations psychology, MOTS-CLÉS. Cognition, médecine, psychologie Cognition, medicine, Comportement Social, Comportement |
| Date: | 2024–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04475705&r=neu |
| By: | Bernard Claverie (IDC - Institut de Cognitique - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Cognitique, EA-487 - Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives - Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, ENSC - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Cognitique - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - UB - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, HEAL - Human engineering for Aerospace Laboratory - THALES [France]); Baptiste Prébot (ENSC - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Cognitique - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux) |
| Abstract: | Cognitive Warfare is defined in different ways, and the main approaches concern social phenomena, largely collective and shared communication, and orient attention on target groups or societies. However, based on information physics technologies and artificial intelligence, the targeting aspect of cognitive warfare differs in that it focuses on the cognitive skills of the victims' brains, whose functioning is altered in this way. |
| Abstract: | La guerre cognitive est définie de différentes manières, et les principales approches concernent les phénomènes sociaux, de communication largement collective et partagée, et mobilisent l'attention sur des groupes ou des sociétés cibles. Néanmoins, s'appuyant sur les technologies de la physique de l'information et de l'intelligence artificielle, un volet de ciblage de la guerre cognitive se différencie en abordant l'action sur des niveaux de compétences cognitives du cerveau des victimes dont le fonctionnement est ainsi altéré. |
| Keywords: | influence, brain, cognition, intelligence, cognitive warfare, psychological warfare, neurotechnology, Cerveau, influence numérique, guerre cognitive, Influence |
| Date: | 2024–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04475734&r=neu |
| By: | Deborah A. Cobb-Clark; Sarah C. Dahmann; Daniel A. Kamhöfer; Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch |
| Abstract: | While there is an established positive relationship between self-control and education, the direction of causality remains a matter of debate. We make a contribution to resolving this issue by exploiting a series of Australian and German educational reforms that increased minimum education requirements as a source of exogenous variation in education levels. Instrumental variables estimates suggest that, for people affected by the reforms, an additional year of schooling has no effect on self-control. |
| Keywords: | self-control; quasi-experiments; compulsory schooling reforms; Brief Self-Control Scale |
| JEL: | D90 I26 C26 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp1206&r=neu |
| By: | Italo Lopez Garcia (University of Southern California); Kathleen J. Mullen (University of Oregon); Jeffrey B. Wenger (RAND) |
| Abstract: | We examine of the role of physical and mental job requirements, as well as hazardous working conditions, on retirement and disability among older individuals in the United States. By linking occupation-level data on job requirements from the Occupational Requirements Survey (ORS) to individual-level data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we create composite indices for physical activities and the physical work environment, as well as two indices of mental job requirements related to job autonomy and flexibility index, and being supervised and working with the pubic. Using data from the HRS Life History Mail Survey, we merge these indices to the HRS panel using the most important occupation held by the individual in her prime years. We find that a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in the physical activity and physical work environment indices are associated with a 10 to 13 percentage point (pp) increase in the probability of being retired and a 3 to 5 pp increase in the probability of transitioning into retirement. The associations of these indices with disability outcomes follow the same patterns as retirement, but they are lower in magnitude. A 1 SD increase in job autonomy/flexibility is associated with a 22 pp decrease in the probability of being retired and a 12 pp decrease in retirement transitions, but it does not predict disability outcomes. Finally, the effects of physically demanding and hazardous jobs on labor force exit are concentrated among men and low-educated workers, while delays in retirement predicted by higher job autonomy and flexibility are driven by college-educated workers. |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mrr:papers:wp448&r=neu |
| By: | Felix Bönisch; Tobias König; Sebastian Schweighofer-Kodritsch; Georg Weizsäcker |
| Abstract: | We repeatedly elicit beliefs about the returns to study effort, in a large university course. A behavioral model of quasi-hyperbolic discounting and malleable beliefs predicts that the dynamics of beliefs mirrors the importance of exerting self-control, such that believed returns increase as the exam approaches, and drop post-exam. Exploiting variation in exam timing to control for common information shocks, we find this prediction confirmed: average believed study returns increase by about 20% over the period before the exam, and drop by about the same afterwards. Additional analyses further support the hypothesized mechanism that beliefs serve as a means of self-control. |
| Keywords: | beliefs, present bias, self-control, effort, survey |
| JEL: | C81 D81 D91 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10984&r=neu |