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on Neuroeconomics |
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Issue of 2023‒11‒13
five papers chosen by |
| By: | Gavrilets, Sergey; Tverskoi, Denis; Sánchez, Angel |
| Abstract: | We review theoretical approaches for modeling the origin, persistence and change of social norms. The most comprehensive models describe the coevolution of behaviors, personal, descriptive, and injunctive norms while considering influences of various authorities and accounting for cognitive processes and between-individual differences. Models show that social norms can improve individual and group well-being. Under some conditions though deleterious norms can persist in the population through conformity, preference falsification, and pluralistic ignorance. Polarization in behavior and beliefs can be maintained, even when societal advantages of particular behaviors or belief systems over alternatives are clear. Attempts to change social norms can backfire through cognitive processes including cognitive dissonance and psychological reactance. Under some conditions social norms can change rapidly via tipping point dynamics. Norms can be highly susceptible to manipulation, and network structure influences their propagation. Future models should incorporate network structure more thoroughly, explicitly study online norms, consider cultural variations, and be applied to real-world processes. |
| Date: | 2023–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:n934a&r=neu |
| By: | Morgane Fialon (Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Lydiane Nabec (Université Paris-Saclay); Chantal Julia (Université Sorbonne Paris Nord) |
| Abstract: | Background: Front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs) aim at increasing transparency and consumers' awareness of the nutritional composition of pre-packed food products in order to improve the nutritional quality of their food choices. Nevertheless, the legitimacy of the Nutri-Score - the FoPL officially adopted in France and several other European countries - is subject to both technical and political controversy, particularly in Italy. In this study, we investigated how and by whom the legitimacy of the Nutri-Score, recognized by several institutional authorities, could be deconstructed within a specific system of norms, values and beliefs among Italian stakeholders. Methods: A netnography completed with qualitative interviews with eight Italian and French nutrition and public health experts were carried out to highlight the dimensions (pragmatic, normative and cognitive) in which the Nutri-Score's legitimacy is being challenged among the stakeholders involved in FoPLs' implementation in Italy. The degree of influence and the position of these stakeholders on the debate around the Nutri-Score were assessed through the Stakeholder Theory (SHT), using their respective level of power, legitimacy and urgency. Furthermore, we compared the Italian and the French contexts on the issue. Results: The direct implication of political parties and media outlets in framing the Italian debate around Nutri-Score as well as the high influence of corporate unions, led to a different political outcome than in France. Results also show that the deconstruction of the legitimacy of the Nutri-Score in Italy pertained mainly to its pragmatic dimension according to the Italian public health experts. Nevertheless, its two other dimensions (normative and cognitive) are also questioned by high-influence stakeholders. Conclusion: Due to the limited mobilization of scientific expertise over the issue, the debate in Italy stayed centered around the "attack" of the Nutri-Score to the Italian way of life, mixing up concepts such as Made in Italy products and the Mediterranean diet. |
| Keywords: | Front-of-Pack Nutri-Score Stakeholder Theory Italy Legitimacy, Front-of-Pack, Nutri-Score, Stakeholder Theory, Italy, Legitimacy |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04213134&r=neu |
| By: | Joshua C. Yang; Carina I. Hausladen; Dominik Peters; Evangelos Pournaras; Regula Haenggli Fricker; Dirk Helbing |
| Abstract: | Digital Participatory Budgeting (PB) has become a key democratic tool for resource allocation in cities. Enabled by digital platforms, new voting input formats and aggregation have been utilised. Yet, challenges in achieving fairness and legitimacy persist. This study investigates the trade-offs in various voting and aggregation methods within digital PB. Through behavioural experiments, we identified favourable voting design combinations in terms of cognitive load, proportionality, and perceived legitimacy. The research reveals how design choices profoundly influence collective decision-making, citizen perceptions, and outcome fairness. Our findings offer actionable insights for human-computer interaction, mechanism design, and computational social choice, contributing to the development of fairer and more transparent digital PB systems and multi-winner collective decision-making process for citizens. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.03501&r=neu |
| By: | Tran Thanh Tu; Nguyen Thi Hai Binh |
| Abstract: | In the ever-evolving realm of electronic commerce, the volatility of customer buying patterns, specifically impulsive purchases, has escalated. The objective of this study is to examine the integration of gamification strategies within online shopping applications, with the aim of enhancing user satisfaction and stimulating impulsive buying behavior in the online context. This study utilizes the Theory of Mind (ToM) and Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework in conjunction with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the influence of gamification elements on impulsive buying behavior, as observed through individual cognitive reactions. By employing a judgemental sampling technique, the study successfully gathers 204 data points via an online survey. Subsequent data analysis confirms the validity of six out of the eight hypotheses, indicating that the impact of random rewards on impulsive purchasing is constrained. This highlights the necessity for e-commerce platform administrators to enhance their gamification strategies, while also indicating that Generation Z (GenZ) consumers might modify their buying behaviors accordingly. |
| Keywords: | gamification, Gen Z, impulsive buying, SOR framework |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:279147&r=neu |
| By: | Florian Fouquet (LEMNA, Nantes Université & GAINS, Le Mans Université); Lisa Meehan (NZ Work Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology); Gail Pacheco (NZ Work Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology); Alice Theadom (Traumatic Brain Injury Network, Auckland University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | The literature on health shocks finds that minor injuries have only a short-term impact on labour market outcomes. However, mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs, commonly referred to as concussions) may be different as the medical literature highlights that they can have long-term health and cognitive effects. We use administrative data on all medically-diagnosed mTBIs in New Zealand linked to monthly tax records to examine the labour market effects of suffering a mTBI up to four years after the injury. We use a comparison group of those who suffer a mTBI but at a later date to overcome potential endogeneity issues, and employ a doubly-robust difference-in-differences method. We find that suffering a mTBI has negative effects on both employment and earnings. Rather than dissipating over time, these negative effects grow, representing a decrease in employment rate of 20 percentage points and earning losses of about a third after 48 months. Our results highlight the need for timely diagnosis and treatment to mitigate the effect of mTBIs on individuals’ labour market outcomes to reduce economic and social costs. |
| Keywords: | : health shock, mild traumatic brain injury, labour market outcomes |
| JEL: | I10 I14 J01 J31 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aut:wpaper:2023-06&r=neu |