|
on Neuroeconomics |
|
Issue of 2023‒04‒17
four papers chosen by |
| By: | Noam Angrist; Matthew C. H. Jukes; Sian Clarke; R. Matthew Chico; Charles Opondo; Donald Bundy; Lauren M. Cohee |
| Abstract: | There is limited evidence of health interventions impact on cognitive function and educational outcomes. We build on two prior systematic reviews to conduct a meta-analysis, exploring the effects of one of the most consequential health interventions, malaria chemoprevention, on education outcomes. We pool data from nine study treatment groups (N=4, 075) and outcomes across four countries. We find evidence of a positive effect (Cohen's d = 0.12, 95% CI [0.08, 0.16]) on student cognitive function, achieved at low cost. These results show that malaria chemoprevention can be highly cost effective in improving some cognitive skills, such as sustained attention. Moreover, we conduct simulations using a new common metric (learning-adjusted years of development) to compare cost-effectiveness across diverse interventions. While we might expect that traditional education interventions provide an immediate learning gain, health interventions such as malaria prevention can have surprisingly cost-effective education benefits, enabling children to achieve their full human capital potential. |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2303.10684&r=neu |
| By: | Benjamin Enke; Thomas Graeber; Ryan Oprea |
| Abstract: | We provide experimental evidence that core intertemporal choice anomalies -- including extreme short-run impatience, structural estimates of present bias, hyperbolicity and transitivity violations -- are driven by complexity rather than time or risk preferences. First, all anomalies also arise in structurally similar atemporal decision problems involving valuation of iteratively discounted (but immediately paid) rewards. These computational errors are strongly predictive of intertemporal decisions. Second, intertemporal choice anomalies are highly correlated with indices of complexity responses including cognitive uncertainty and choice inconsistency. We show that model misspecification resulting from ignoring behavioral responses to complexity severely inflates structural estimates of present bias. |
| JEL: | D03 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31047&r=neu |
| By: | Nguyen, Minh_Hieu Thi Dr |
| Abstract: | Yin and colleagues (2018): Impacts of biophilic environment exposure on human physiological and cognitive performance through mindsponge theory perspective Minh-Hieu Thi Nguyen School of Psychology, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand Faculty of Management and Tourism, Hanoi University, Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam * * * * * I am participating in BMF Collaborative Project 1: Urban residents’ biodiversity connections and belief in biodiversity loss, and here is an insight from Physiological and cognitive performance of exposure to biophilic indoor environment that connects with the SM3D theoretical framework [2, 3]. Yin and colleagues (2014) examined physiological and cognitive responses to indoor environments with and without biophilic features via physical and virtual experiences. The research found that interacting with a biophilic environment lowers participants’ blood pressure and negative emotion and increases their short-term memory and positive emotion. Their skin conductance also decreases less in non-biophilic than biophilic ones. More interestingly, the physical and virtual experiences have similar results. From the mindsponge perspective, the information people absorb from their interactions with the environment is integrated and differentiated via a multi-filtering system [4]. If information is compatible with people’s mindsets (core values), it will be synthesized and incorporated through integration. If not, people will assess the cost and benefit of accepting or rejecting the different information. Much evidence suggests that biophilia exists naturally in people’s mindsets; thus, the experiences in the biophilic environment are integrated, and those in the non-biophilic environment are differentiated. Differentiation is a more stressful process as it consumes more energy and requires the involvement of many cognitive functions, possibly leading to poor information exchange with the surrounding environment and negative impact on human health (e.g., high blood pressure, lower short-term memory, and negative emotion). |
| Date: | 2023–02–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:tmde2&r=neu |
| By: | Lehberger, Mira; Gruener, Sven |
| Abstract: | Agricultural economists are increasingly incorporating insights from psychology into their research to better understand farmers’ behavior. The Big Five model of personality is frequently used in psychological research. This paper aims at answering how and when researchers use the Big Five personality traits when focusing on farmers (research questions, measurement of personality traits). In addition, we analyze to what extent the Big Five personality traits contribute to explaining farmers’ behaviors and outcomes. To answer these research questions, we carry out systematic literature research guided by the PRISMA approach. We searched three databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) at the end of February 2022 and identified n = 36 eligible studies. We included studies, which were written in English, which focused on farmers, including primary data and measurements of the Big Five personality traits. This is the first systematic and comprehensive review of the role of the Big Five personality traits in farmers’ behavior. Our review shows an increase in interest in the farmers’ Big Five personality traits in the past years, most often incorporated in research conducted in Europe. By carrying out the main steps of content analysis, we develop a taxonomy, categorizing the research aims of the reviewed studies. We identify three main categories: well-being (human and animal), business (in a broad sense and in a narrow sense), and methodological aims. Overall, our review suggests that some personality traits are more important for understanding farmers’ behaviors and outcomes than others, depending on the context. Indeed, we were able to identify some patterns. For instance, our review shows that neuroticism is most often negatively related to measures of human well-being, or business development, whereas agreeableness supports non-technical skills and education. Openness and extraversion seem to be strong predictors of pro-environmental behavior, whereas conscientiousness tends to increase business performance. To assess the possible risk of bias in the reviewed studies, we included a quality discussion. We further discuss the limitations of our review and identify avenues for future research. To increase the review’s credibility, we pre-registered our procedure (INPLASY202230138, DOI: 10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0138). |
| Date: | 2023–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jbx4p&r=neu |