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on Neuroeconomics |
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Issue of 2015‒03‒13
three papers chosen by |
| By: | Carlos Cueva Herrero (Dpto. Análisis Económico Aplicado); Iñigo Iturbe-Ormaetxe Kortajarene (Universidad de Alicante); Esther Mata-Pérez (Dpto. Fundamentos del Análisis Económico); Giovanni Ponti (Universidad de Alicante); Marcello Sartarelli (Dpto. Fundamentos del Análisis Económico); Haihan Yu (Dpto. Fundamentos del Análisis Económico); Zhukova Vita (Dpto. Fundamentos del Análisis Económico) |
| Abstract: | We study whether cognitive ability explains choices in a wide variety of behavioral tasks, including riskand social preferences, by collecting evidence from almost 1,200 subjects across eight experimentalprojects. Since Frederick (2005)'s Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) has been administered to allsubjects, our dataset is one of the largest in the literature. We divide the subjects pool into three groupsdepending on their CRT performance. Reflective subjects are those answering at least two of the threeCRT questions correctly. Impulsive ones are those who are unable to suppress the instinctive impulseto follow the intuitive although incorrect answer in at least two 2 questions, and the remaining subjectsform a residual group. We find that females score significantly worse than males in the CRT, and intheir wrong answers impulsive ones are observed more frequently. The 2D-4D ratio, which is higherfor females, is correlated negatively with subject's CRT score. In addition, we find that differencesbetween CRT groups in risk aversion depend on the elicitation method used. Finally, impulsive subjectshave higher social preferences, while reflective subjects are more likely to satisfy basic consistencyconditions in lottery choices. |
| Keywords: | behavioral economics, cognitive reflection, gender, laboratory experiment, personality |
| JEL: | C91 D81 J16 |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ivi:wpasad:2015-02&r=neu |
| By: | Evgeny N. Osin (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Anna V. Malyutina (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Natalia V. Kosheleva (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | We review the psychological theory of flow and focus on the notion of autotelic personality, arguing that self-transcendence understood within the existential tradition of Frankl and Langle can be seen as a personality disposition that is conducive to flow experience. We present a pilot quasi-experimental study conducted in a student sample (N=84) to investigate the effect of situational meaning and self-transcendence on productivity and flow experience. Students were asked to work on a creative task (which consisted in finding solutions to a social problem) in small groups. Each group was randomly assigned with an instruction presenting the problem as happening either in a distant country (low-meaning) or home country (high-meaning). The outcome variables were measures of flow, perceived meaning, and satisfaction with time. The solutions generated by students were rated by 3 experts. The results showed that the experimental manipulation had an effect on the quality of the resulting solutions, but not on the subjective experience of participants. Self-transcendent individuals tended to experience higher flow under both conditions, however, under the high-meaning condition self-transcendence exhibited a curvilinear association with the experiential outcomes. The findings suggest that self-transcendence can be considered as a candidate trait for autotelic personality and call for more replication studies |
| Keywords: | flow experience, self-transcendence, personal meaning, autotelic personality |
| JEL: | Z |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:33psy2015&r=neu |
| By: | Melanie de Waal; Floor Rink; Janka Stoker |
| Abstract: | The current investigation examined the effects of internal and external supervisors (i.e., formally installed institutions that hold employees accountable for their actions) on employees' self-serving decisions. In two studies, it was found that internal supervisors reduced self-serving decisions more strongly than external supervisors did because they hold more position power over employees. The findings further suggest that the presence of both supervisors did not provide additive advantages, as employees primarily responded to internal supervisors. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. |
| Keywords: | self-serving decisions; internal supervision; external supervision; power bases |
| JEL: | G30 D23 C93 |
| Date: | 2015–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:464&r=neu |