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on Neuroeconomics |
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Issue of 2009‒09‒19
four papers chosen by |
| By: | Chuck Huber (Texas A&M University) |
| Abstract: | Genetic association studies often explore the relationship between diseases and collections of contiguous genetic markers located on the same chromosome known as haplotypes. Haplotypes are usually not observed directly but are inferred statistically using a variety of algorithms. One of the most popular haplotype inference programs is PHASE (Stephens & Scheet, (2005). Accounting for decay of linkage disequilibrium in haplotype inference and missing data imputation. American Journal of Human Genetics, 76, 449-462.; Stephens, Smith, & Donnelly, (2001). "A New Statistical Method for Haplotype Reconstruction from Population Data", American Journal of Human Genetics, 68, 978-989) and one of the most popular programs for examining characteristics of the resulting haplotypes is HaploView (Barrett, Fry, Maller, & Daly (2005) "Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics, 21, 263-265). We have developed a set of Stata commands for exporting genotype data from Stata into PHASE, importing the resulting haplotypes back into Stata for association analysis and exporting the haplotype data from Stata into HaploView. |
| Date: | 2009–09–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:usug09:05&r=neu |
| By: | Diemo Urbig; Utz Weitzel; Julia Stauf |
| Abstract: | This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the appropriate measurement of overconfidence, in particular, its strictly incentive compatible measurement in experiments. Despite a number of significant advances in recent research, several important issues remain to be solved. These relate to the strictness of incentive compatibility, the identification of well-calibrated participants, the trichotomous classification into over- or underconfident and well-calibrated participants, and the generalization to measuring beliefs about the performance relative to other people. This paper develops a measurement of overconfidence that is improved regarding all four of these issues. We theoretically prove that our method is strictly incentive compatible and robust to risk attitudes within the framework of Cumulative Prospect Theory. Furthermore, our method allows the measurement of various levels of overconfidence and the direct comparison of absolute and relative confidence. We tested our method, and the results meet our expectations, replicate recent results, and show that a population can be simultaneously overconfident, well-calibrated, and underconfident. In our specific case, we find that more than ninety-five percent of the population believe to be better than twenty-five percent; about fifty percent believe to be better than fifty percent; and only seven percent believe to be better than seventy-five percent. |
| Keywords: | Belief elicitation, Overconfidence, Better than average, Incentive compatibility |
| JEL: | C91 D8 D83 D84 |
| Date: | 2009–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:use:tkiwps:0920&r=neu |
| By: | Böckerman, Petri; Laukkanen, Erkki |
| Abstract: | Objectives: We examine the predictors of sickness presenteeism in comparison with sickness absenteeism. The paper focuses on the effects of working-time match and efficiency demands and differentiates the estimates by a respondent’s self-assessed health. Methods: We use survey data covering 884 Finnish trade union members in 2009. We estimate logit models. All models include control variables such as the sector of the economy and the type of contract. Results: Working-time match between desired and actual weekly working hours reduces both sickness absence and presenteeism in the whole sample that consists of workers with all health levels. The point estimates reveal that working-time match decreases the prevalence of sickness absence by 7% and presenteeism by 8%. However, the estimates that differentiate by a respondent’s health show that this pattern prevails only for those workers who have poor health. Hence, the point estimates for those who have poor health are much larger than the ones for the whole sample. Working-time match reduces the prevalence of sickness absence by 21% and presenteeism by 20% for those workers who have poor health. In contrast, working-time match has no influence whatsoever on the prevalence of work-related sickness for those who have good health. We also find that efficiency demands increase presenteeism in the whole sample. However, additional results reveal that this pattern prevails only for those workers who have good health. Conclusions: The effects of working-time match and efficiency demands on the prevalence of sickness absence and presenteeism are strongly conditional upon a worker’s self-assessed health level. Therefore, the worker’s initial health is an important attribute that has to be taken into account when one is designing appropriate policies to reduce sickness absence and presenteeism. |
| Keywords: | Absenteeism; Sickness absence; Presenteeism |
| JEL: | I10 |
| Date: | 2009–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:17067&r=neu |
| By: | Lee, Jonq-Ying |
| Keywords: | self-reported BMI, actual BMI, obese, Health Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:fdcr09:52987&r=neu |