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on Network Economics |
| By: | Lesley Chiou; Catherine Tucker |
| Abstract: | The digitization of content has led to the emergence of platforms that draw information from multiple sources. Policymakers are concerned that these new platforms threaten incentives for the production of original content. As a result, policymakers are contemplating regulations that would force aggregation platforms to pay or require an explicit "opt-in" for content providers. To understand the possible consequences and underlying rationale of such laws, we explore whether aggregation of content by a single platform encourages users to "skim" content or to investigate in depth. We study a contract dispute that led a major aggregator to remove information from a major content provider. We find that after the removal, users were less likely to investigate additional, related content in depth, particularly sources that were horizontally or vertically differentiated. |
| JEL: | L63 L82 L86 L88 |
| Date: | 2015–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21404&r=net |
| By: | Zilberman, David; Kaplan, Scott |
| Abstract: | Decisions about food choices in terms of products, preparation, and venue are technology choices in the context of the household production function where consumers consider benefits from taste, health, convenience, and budget given different technologies and information. The literature on adoption in economics and marketing as well as the literature on information sources in food decision-making provides a context to assess the impact of new information and new media on food choices. This literature suggests that consumers use media for identifying information relevant to their decisions, but make final assessments based on total benefits and the probability of fit of a product in meeting their needs. Consumers rely on both formal and informal sources of information in making different choices, and electronic social networks improve the quality of and help more effectively target information from formal sources, but especially information from informal sources. Informational networks expand access of visual information to consumers when making food choices, and allow real-time interaction among consumers that enables them to be more informed about these decisions. Finally, food providers will recognize the role of electronic social networks and new media in food choices, and thus may use them to influence consumers’ food selection. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, |
| Date: | 2014–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aajs14:173076&r=net |
| By: | Michal Krawczyk (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Anna Kukla-Gryz (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Joanna Tyrowicz (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw; National Bank of Poland) |
| Abstract: | We focus on the relationship between pricing of cultural goods and willingness to download their unauthorized versions. Building on equity theory we propose that perceiving a price as overly high provides a self-justification for downloading content from unauthorized sources. In a large-scale online experiment on customers of a major e-book store we employ the Bayesian Truth Serum to induce truthful confessions of acquiring content from unauthorized sources. We confirm that self-reported downloading from unauthorized sources is associated with having experienced overpricing. We also relate it to endorsing relatively positive views on the role of file-sharing services and believing that "pirate's" motives are relatively principled, while those of abstainers are rather pragmatic. |
| Keywords: | inequality, longevity, defined contribution, defined benefit, Gini |
| JEL: | A13 C93 D12 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2015-24&r=net |
| By: | Katja Bender (Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, International Centre for Sustainable Development (IZNE)); Sonja Keller (Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, International Centre for Sustainable Development (IZNE)); Holger Willing (Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, International Centre for Sustainable Development (IZNE)) |
| Abstract: | Over the past two decades many governments of low and middle income countries have started to introduce social protection measures or to extend the coverage and improve the functioning of public social protection systems. These reforms are a "global phenomenon" and can be observed in many African, Asian and Latin American countries. This paper focuses on international determinants for policy change within social protection by assessing the state of the art of both policy diffusion and policy transfer studies. Empirical studies of policy transfer and diffusion in the field of social protection are furthermore assessed in light of the theoretical background. |
| Keywords: | Development Policy; Policy Change; Policy Diffusion; Policy Learning; Policy Transfer; Political Economy; Social Protection; Transgovernmental Networks; Policy networks |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sau:iznewp:1401&r=net |
| By: | Vyrost, Tomas |
| Abstract: | In this working paper, the topic of country vs. industry effects in stock returns is explored. An approach based on stock market network modeling is used to assess both effects. Three different network subgraphs are employed: Minimum Spanning Trees, Planar Maximal Filtered Graphs and Threshold Graphs. By constructing the networks for the whole sample covering 2003 – 2012, significance of country and industry effects are shown both by visual inspection, as well as simulation and fitting of Exponential Random Graph Models. The relative importance of country/industry effects are assessed using the indicators “Relative Country Links” and “Relative Industry Links”, in a rolling windows analysis covering the sample period, indicating dominance of country effects. |
| Keywords: | stock market networks, emerging and frontier markets, portfolio diversification |
| JEL: | G01 L14 |
| Date: | 2015–07–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:65775&r=net |
| By: | Salas, Vania B.; Fan, Qin |
| Keywords: | International Development, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea15:204363&r=net |
| By: | Henning, Christian H.C.A.; Zarnekow, Nana; Laudes, Matthias |
| Abstract: | The aim of the present study was to examine to what extend different social network mechanisms are factors explaining the spread of obesity and obesity associated co-morbidities. Based on our theoretical framework we derive testable hypotheses regarding an indirect and direct impact of social networks on EGO’s BMI and insulin resistance. To test our hypotheses we undertook a clinical and social survey including a sample of 1397 probands. Collected data include anthropometric and biochemical measures as well as health attitudes, behavioural and socio-economic variables and social network data. We used nonparametric and parametric regression models to analyse whether EGO’s BMI and insulin resistance are determined by EGO’s social network characteristics controlling for EGO’s individual characteristics. We found significant PSM and GPS treatment effects for high sport activities, a frequent diet behaviour (p=0.000) of EGO’s social peer group. Since our regression analyses results that obesity is the main determinant of the HOMA-index this established a significant indirect network effect on insulin resistance. We also found significant direct social network effects on EGO’s insulin resistance, i.e. controlling for EGO’s obesity status frequent diet behaviour (p=0.033) and sport activities (p=0.041) of EGO’s peer group decreases EGO’s HOMA index. Network phenomena appear not only to be relevant for the spread of obesity, but also for the spread of associated co-morbidities. |
| Keywords: | Social network, obesity, peer group effects, generalized matching method, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea15:205632&r=net |
| By: | Stanislao Gualdi (Chair of Quantitative Finance - Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées aux Systèmes - Ecole Centrale Paris); Antoine Mandel (EEP-PSE - Ecole d'Économie de Paris - Paris School of Economics, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS) |
| Abstract: | Building upon the standard model of monopolistic competition on the market for intermediary goods, we propose a simple dynamical model of the formation of production networks. The model subsumes the standard general equilibrium approach and robustly reproduces key stylized facts of firms' demographics. Firms' growth rates are negatively correlated with size and follow a core double-exponential distribution followed by fat tails. Firms' size and production network are power-law distributed. These properties emerge because continuous inflow of new firms shifts away the model from a steady state to a disequilibrium regime in which firms get scaled according to their resistance to competitive forces. |
| Abstract: | Nous développons à partir du modèle standard de compétition monopolistique sur le marché des biens intermédiaires un modèle dynamique simple de la formation des réseaux de production. Le modèle reproduit de manière robuste un ensemble de faits stylisés sur la démographie des entreprises. Le taux de croissance des entreprises sont corrélés négativement avec leur taille et suivent une distribution en double-exponentielle. La distribution de la taille des entreprises et la structure du réseau de production ont des propriétés d'invariance d'échelle. L'émergence de ces propriétés s'expliquent par l'influx permanent de nouvelles entreprises qui conduit le modèle dans un régime de déséquilibre dynamique où les tailles des entreprises s'échelonnent en fonction de leur résistance à la pression concurrentielle. |
| Date: | 2015–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-01179134&r=net |
| By: | Ferdinand Rauch (Oxford) |
| Abstract: | Do locational fundamentals such as coastlines and rivers determine town locations, or can historical events trap towns in unfavorable locations for centuries? We examine the effects on town locations of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, which temporarily ended urbanization in Britain, but not in France. As urbanization recovered, medieval towns were more often found in Roman-era town locations in France than in Britain, and this difference persists today. The resetting of Britain's urban network gave it better access to natural navigable waterways when this was important, while many French towns remained without such access. We show that towns without coastal access grew more slowly in both Britain and France from 1200-1800, and calculate that with better coastal access, France's urban network would have been up to 20-30 percent larger in 1800. |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:red:sed015:203&r=net |
| By: | Zarnekow, Nana; Henning, Christian H.C.A. |
| Keywords: | social network, quality of life, latent class estimation, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea15:205637&r=net |