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on Network Economics |
| By: | Cuyvers L.; Verherstraeten S. |
| Abstract: | As many international economic issues are interrelated, the competences of international economic organizations are not always clear-cut and their activities inevitably overlap. In order to avoid mutual conflicts and to guarantee the well functioning of the international economic system, these organizations need to interact. Various institutional cooperation arrangements have been concluded in this respect. In this paper, we suggest that international economic organizations also interact in a second, more informal way: As many officials and representatives combine mandates in several organizations, they personally constitute a linkage between these organizations. We analyze the extent of overlapping appointments – also defined as interlocking directorates – between a limited selection of international economic organizations, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank Group, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). We examine possible explanations and determinants of the interlocking directorates, and we also explore the importance of these interlocking directorates for the functioning of the resulting network of international economic organizations. We argue that the interlocking directorates probably enhance communication flows and strengthen mutual trust between the organizations, in that way stimulating the institutional cooperation and coordination between the international economic organizations. |
| Date: | 2005–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ant:wpaper:2005024&r=net |
| By: | Marcel Boyer; Jacques Robert |
| Abstract: | This document seeks to lay the groundwork for a government policy on free and open source software. We briefly characterize the extent of the open source software phenomenon. We analyse its pros and cons for the government, in its role as both an engine of economic development and a large user of information and communications technologies. We conclude with a series of recommendations for the government, as both “economic and industrial policy maker” and “large user.” <P> |
| Keywords: | free software, intellectual property rights, free source code, open source code, free operating system, GPL licence, BSD licence, innovation, forking, |
| Date: | 2006–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirpro:2006rp-03&r=net |
| By: | Claessens, Stijn |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews the recent literature on cross-border banking, with a focus on policy implications. Cross-border banking has increased sharply in recent decades, particularly in the form of entry, and has affected the development of financial systems, access to financial services, and stability. Reviewing the empirical literature, the author finds much, although not uniform, evidence that cross-border banking supports the development of an efficient and stable financial system that offers a wide access to quality financial services at low cost. But as better financial systems have more cross-border banking, the relationship between cross-border banking and competitiveness has to be carefully judged. While developing countries have some special conditions, provided a minimum degree of oversight is in place, they experience effects similar to industrial countries. There are some questions, though, on the effects of cross-border banking on lending based on softer information and on stability. Relevant experiences from capital markets show that the degree of cross-border financial activities can affect local market sustainability and there can be path dependency when opening up to cross-border competition. Reviewing the fast changing landscape of financial services provision, the author argues that cross-border banking highlights the increased importance of competition policy in financial services provision. This competition policy cannot be traditional, institutional based, but will need to resemble that used in other network industries. Fu rthermore, with globalization accelerating, competition policy will need to be global, supported by greater cross-border institutional collaboration and using the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) process and the disciplines of the World Trade Organization. GATS can be of special value to developing countries as it provides a binding, pro-competition framework that has proven more difficult to establish otherwise. |
| Keywords: | Banks & Banking Reform,Economic Theory & Research,Financial Intermediation,Knowledge Economy,Education for the Knowledge Economy |
| Date: | 2006–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:3854&r=net |
| By: | Chang-Ho Yoon; Young-Woong Song; Byoung Heon Jun |
| Abstract: | In the recent decade, global backbone providers have emerged to link dispersed networks. Local networks obtain global connectivity through transit contracts with switching hubs. Using the Shapley value, the paper shows that the bargaining position of the local network depends upon the quality adjusted volume of net traffic, and that the rent to the hub depends on the volume of traffic between local networks. When there are two competing switching hubs, the larger hub can appropriate most of the rent. Anticipating this, the hubs tend to expand their capacity to preempt the market like in the prisoners¡¯ dilemma. (JEL-Code: L1, L86) |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iek:wpaper:0507&r=net |
| By: | Franco Malerba (CESPRI, Università Bocconi, Milano, Italy) |
| Abstract: | The analysis of innovation and the evolution of industries evolution has witnessed major progress in several areas. Contributions at the empirical, appreciative, econometric and modelling levels have greater advanced our understanding of innovation, industrial dynamics and the different evolution of industries. The main part of the paper is centred around four challenges that are required for a better understanding of the relationship between innovation and the evolution of industries: the analysis of demand, knowledge, networks and coevolution. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; Industrial Dynamics; Demand; Networks; Knowledge |
| JEL: | L1 L6 O32 |
| Date: | 2005–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cri:cespri:wp172&r=net |
| By: | Oburai Prathap; Baker Michael J |
| Abstract: | The marketing discipline is evolving and so is its agenda with the advent of relationship marketing, networks and other related sub-fields. Till recently, business literature focused largely on competition, and cooperation, its counter part, has received insufficient attention. With a view to redress the situation, this research article investigates the phenomenon of strategic marketing alliances, partnerships and networks, and aims to make fundamental theoretical contributions in the sub-field of business-to-business relations and cooperation. Eclectic and wide-ranging enquiry is a main research tool employed and hence the character of this research is interdisciplinary. An extensive literature review of a number of related disciplines is undertaken in order to capture the essence of cooperative strategies and implications for competitive advantage. In this paper, we examine the phenomenon of cooperation and its evolution over time, and highlight the advantages of cooperative strategies in the workplace and in economic organisation. Following an introductory section, we discuss in the second and third sections the evolution of cooperation and need for adaptation on the part entities in order to obtain favourable outcomes. Fourth section continues the discussion along the biological evolutionary lines and adds the crucial dimension of social organisation. Consequent changes that altered the ways in which societies and economies developed are captured in the fifth section. The final and concluding section is devoted to exploring avenues for building of theories that explain cooperative forms of organisation. |
| Keywords: | Business-Business Marketing, Marketing Strategy, Relationship Marketing |
| Date: | 2006–02–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:2006-02-03&r=net |
| By: | Oburai Prathap; Baker Michael J |
| Abstract: | The marketing discipline is evolving and so is its agenda with the advent of relationship marketing, networks and other related sub-fields. Till recently, business literature focused largely on competition, and cooperation, its counter part, has received insufficient attention. With a view to redress the situation, this research article investigates the phenomenon of customer supplier alliances and partnerships and aims to make fundamental theoretical contributions in the sub-field of business-to-business relations and cooperation. Eclectic and wide-ranging enquiry is a main research tool employed and hence the character of this research is interdisciplinary. An extensive literature review of a number of related disciplines is undertaken in order to capture the essence of relationship strategies and their implications. The ideas and alternative research processes were exposed to critical scrutiny by a few marketing scholars to increase feedback and validity of ideas. In addition, a qualitative exploratory survey was carried out in order to understand the strategic issues concerning alliances and partnerships. The research findings were combined with theoretical ideas to derive a Routines-Relationships-Resources (3Rs) model. This 3Rs model is made up of three cores that underlie all business strategies including those designed to generate competitive advantage through the route of cooperative alliances and partnerships. |
| Date: | 2006–02–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:2006-02-05&r=net |