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on Marketing |
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Issue of 2006‒11‒25
twelve papers chosen by Joao Carlos Correia Leitao Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Situngkir, Hokky |
| Abstract: | The paper presents the dynamics of consumer preferences over two competing products acting in duopoly market. The model presented compared the majority and minority rules as well as the modified Snazjd model in the Von Neumann neighborhood. We showed how important advertising in marketing a product is. We show that advertising should also consider the social structure simultaneously with the content of the advertisement and the understanding to the advertised product. Some theoretical explorations are discussed regarding to size of the market, evaluation of effect of the advertising, the types of the advertised products, and the social structure of which the product is marketed. We also draw some illustrative models to be improved as a further work. |
| Keywords: | advertising; snazjd model; majority model; duopoly market. |
| JEL: | M31 M37 C63 |
| Date: | 2006–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:885&r=mkt |
| By: | Emin M. Dinlersoz (University of Houston); Pedro Pereira (Autoridade da Concorrência) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes retailers’ adoption of e-commerce in a technology adoption race framework. An Internet-based firm with no traditional market presence competes with an established traditional firm to adopt the e-commerce technology and sell to a growing number of consumers with on-line shopping capability. The focus of the analysis is on identifying how consumer loyalty, differences in firms’ technology and consumers’ preferences across the traditional versus the virtual market, and expansion in market size made possible by the Internet can affect the timing and sequence of adoption by firms, as well as the post-adoption evolution of prices. The model’s implications are used to discuss empirical evidence on adoption patterns across different product categories and firm types. |
| Date: | 2006–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pca:wpaper:13&r=mkt |
| By: | M. Muyanga; T.S. Jayne (Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University); Gem Argwings-Kodhek; J. Ariga |
| Abstract: | This study examines current consumption patterns of the main staple carbohydrate products in Nairobi--maize, wheat, rice, and cooking banana--in an effort to illuminate policy issues affecting urban food security. Also identified the factors driving changes in the amount and form of urban maize meal consumption. To better understand how food security policy should be designed in order to respond to the needs of low-income consumers, we disaggregate consumption and expenditure patterns for low-, medium- and high-income groups. The study also examines whether the marketing channels used by the poor to secure their staple carbohydrate products differ from those used by relatively high-income consumers. The results hold important implications for policy makers by revealing how staple food consumption patterns are changing, and by identifying the types of investments that are needed to strengthen improve low-income consumers’ access to food. |
| Keywords: | food security, food policy, maize, wheat, rice, cooking banana, Kenya |
| JEL: | Q18 |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msu:icpwrk:ke-tegemeo-wp-016&r=mkt |
| By: | Anthony Mwanaumo; T.S. Jayne (Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University); Ballard Zulu; Julius Shawa; Green Mbozi; Steven Haggblade; Misheck Nyembe |
| Abstract: | This paper shows how government actions can affect the performance of the maize marketing system and influence the severity of food crises. Examples from the 2005/06 marketing season are used to illustrate how Zambia’s food security situation can be improved through closer consultation, transparency and predictability between government and the private sector. The paper also identifies longer-run options for strengthening the ability of local and regional markets to ensure household and national food security in the face of maize production instability. |
| Keywords: | food security, food policy, Zambia, maize |
| JEL: | Q18 |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msu:icpbrf:zm-fsrp-pb-011&r=mkt |
| By: | Steffen Hoernig (New University of Lisbon - Faculdade de Economia); Tommaso Valletti (Imperial College London, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and CEPR) |
| Abstract: | We consider a market where consumers mix content offered by different firms. We show how tariff structures have an impact on firms' profits and efficiency. As compared to pure linear pricing, when firms charge two-part tariffs they make higher profits, while consumers are worse off and the allocation is not first-best since too little mixing occurs. Flat subscription fees make mixing unattractive and are Pareto-dominated by all the other types of tariffs. |
| Keywords: | Two-part tariffs, flat fees, combinable products, pay-per-view |
| JEL: | L13 L82 |
| Date: | 2006–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:72&r=mkt |
| By: | Steven Haggblade (Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University) |
| Abstract: | The coming 2005/06 maize harvest promises to be a good one, certainly better than last season. Market prices have begun falling, and the question now is how far they are likely to fall. Government currently has a maize export ban in place. This short note aims to assess the likely price levels this coming season, with and without an export ban. |
| Keywords: | food security, food policy, Zambia, maize |
| JEL: | Q18 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msu:icpbrf:zm-fsrp-pb-015&r=mkt |
| By: | Munguzwe Hichaambwa; David Tschirley (Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to begin generating the empirical information needed to launch a process of stakeholder consultation regarding the key challenges facing the country’s horticultural sector. The paper is based on a rapid appraisal of the sector meant to provide a broad overview; FSRP’s hope is that stakeholder input will help identify a more focused set of applied research dealing with specific issues. The paper proceeds as follows: the rest of this chapter presents the data and methods used in the research; chapter two uses national rural household survey data to characterize horticultural marketing patterns in the smallholder sector; chapter three presents results of the rapid appraisal, focusing on large scale farmers, “first sellers” in the Soweto wholesale market of Lusaka, retail traders in Lusaka and Ndola, and shoppers from a range of retail outlets in both cities; chapter four concludes with a discussion of policy and program issues. |
| Keywords: | food security, food policy, Zambia horticultural rapid appraisal, fresh fruits and vegetables |
| JEL: | Q18 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msu:icpwrk:zm-fsrp-wp-017&r=mkt |
| By: | Antony Chapoto (Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University); T.S. Jayne |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the trends in retail maize meal prices and the wholesale-retail margins enjoyed by millers and retailers in Zambia since maize and maize meal prices were decontrolled in the early 1990s. This note summarizes material from a broader study on Zambia’s maize supply chain. The findings from this paper are designed to inform policy discussions aimed at improving household food security and maize market performance in Zambia. |
| Keywords: | food security, food policy, Zambia, maize |
| JEL: | Q18 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msu:icpbrf:zm-fsrp-pb-014&r=mkt |
| By: | T.S. Jayne (Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University); Robert J. Meyers; James Nyoro |
| Abstract: | The objectives of this paper are to determine the effects of NCPB maize trading activity and the maize import tariff on wholesale maize market price levels and volatility. The analysis uses monthly maize price and trade data covering the period January 1990 to September 2004. Results are based on a vector autoregression (VAR) approach that allows estimation of a counterfactual set of maize prices that would have occurred over the 1990-2004 period had the NCPB not existed and trade restrictions been removed. Assessed are the separate impacts of policy on wholesale prices in Kitale, a major surplus-producing area, and Nairobi, the major urban demand center in the country. |
| Keywords: | food security, food policy, maize marketing trade policies, Kenya |
| JEL: | Q18 |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msu:icpwrk:ke-tegemeo-wp-015&r=mkt |
| By: | Milton Ayieko; David Tschirley (Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University); Mary Mathenge |
| Abstract: | This study looks at the urban consumption patterns of fresh fruits and vegetables and the major supply chain systems used in the distribution of fresh produce. The study integrates issues of supply chain organization and performance into the analysis of consumer demand for fresh produce. In particular, the study looks at how system organization and performance affects the ability of the system to satisfy consumer demand for fresh produce. The study pursues these main objectives, namely, to estimate the household consumption of fruits and vegetables per adult equivalent; to examine the shopping patterns of fresh produce consumers as compared to other food purchases; and to examine the various supply chain systems for fresh produce. |
| Keywords: | food security, food policy, fresh fruits and vegetable consumption, consumer demand, Kenya |
| JEL: | Q18 |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msu:icpwrk:ke-tegemeo-wp-019&r=mkt |
| By: | Sailer, Katharina |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a framework for demand estimation with data on bids, bidders' identities, and auction covariates from a sequence of eBay auctions. First the aspect of bidding in a marketplace environment is developed. Form the simple dynamic auction model with IPV and private bidding costs it follows that if participation is optimal the bidder searches with a "reservation bid" for low-price auctions. Extending results from the empirical auction literature and employing a similar two-stage procedure as has recently been used when estimating dynamic games it is shown that bidding costs are non-parametrically identified. The procedure is tried on a new data set. The median cost is estimated at less than 2% of transaction prices. |
| Keywords: | search models; auctions; eBay; Internet auctions; econometrics of auctions; bidding costs; identification |
| JEL: | C23 C51 D44 D82 D83 L10 L81 |
| Date: | 2006–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lmu:muenec:1234&r=mkt |
| By: | Heather Antecol (Simon Fraser University and IZA Bonn); Deborah A. Cobb-Clark (SPEAR, RSSS, Australian National University and IZA Bonn) |
| Abstract: | We use the exogenous assignment of Army personnel to duty locations to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of local markets and the propensity for consumers to be subjected to racial discrimination in their everyday commercial transactions. Overall, one in ten soldiers report that they or their families have experienced racial discrimination in finding non-government housing or in patronizing businesses in their local communities. Discrimination is related to a community’s demographic profile with white and Asian soldiers feeling more unwelcome in local businesses as the local population becomes more heavily weighted towards other groups. Moreover, there is evidence that increased economic vulnerability in the community results in more housing discrimination amongst minorities. While the evidence that increased competition reduces consumer market discrimination is mixed, it is clear that discrimination is related to the nature of a soldier’s interaction with the local community. |
| Keywords: | consumer markets, discrimination, U.S. military, economics of minorities |
| JEL: | J15 D12 D40 |
| Date: | 2006–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2389&r=mkt |