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on Marketing |
| By: | Francisco J. Mas (Universidad de Alicante); Juan Luis Nicolau (Universidad de Alicante) |
| Abstract: | This paper assumes that the decision to go on holiday and the length of stay are non independent, thus the objective of this paper is to propose a two-stage tourist choice process: going on holiday and length of stay. To do this, we rely on the Random-Parameter Logit Model, which accounts for the unobserved heterogeneity of tourists and allows representation of different correlation patterns among non independent alternatives. We propose hypotheses on the effect on the above decisions of tourist characteristics relating to the destination, personal restrictions and socio-demographic and psychographic characteristics. The empirical application, which is carried out in Spain on a sample of 3,781 individuals, evidences the proposed two-stage tourist choice process. In addition, these decisions are also explained by individual tourist characteristics. |
| Keywords: | Tourism Marketing, Going on holiday, Length of stay, Random-Parameter Logit Model |
| Date: | 2004–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ivi:wpasad:2004-46&r=mkt |
| By: | Ivan Arribas (Universitat de València); J.E. Vila (Universitat de València); J.L. Cervera (Devstat) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we present a theoretic two-stage model for retailers location and consumers purchase decision. Retailers decision problem is formalized in terms of a zero-sum game, whose payoffs refers to retailers' market share and consumers decision problem is formalized in terms of a discrete choice model, based on random utilities. The theoretical models provide forecasting of equilibrium market shares and the locations to be chosen by retailers, in terms of the geographic distribution of the underlying location space (constituencies of the town), population distribution and characteristics (types) of the consumers. |
| Keywords: | Hotelling, Industrial Organization, Choice Model |
| Date: | 2004–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ivi:wpasad:2004-26&r=mkt |
| By: | John Kennes (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Aaron Schiff (Department of Economics, University of Auckland) |
| Abstract: | We examine the effects of provision of information about seller qualities by a third-party in a directed search model with heterogeneous sellers, asymmetric information, and where prices are determined ex post. The third party separates sellers into quality-differentiated groups and provides this information to some or all buyers. We show that this always raises total welfare, even if it causes the informed buyers not to trade with low quality sellers. However, buyers and some sellers may be made worse off in equilibrium. We also examine the provision of information by a profit maximizing monopoly, and show that it may have an incentive to overinvest in the creation of information relative to the social optimum. |
| Date: | 2006–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kuiedp:0602&r=mkt |
| By: | Francisco J. Mas (Universidad de Alicante); Juan Luis Nicolau (Universidad de Alicante) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to decompose the process of tourist choice into two stages: taking a holiday and tourism expenditures, using the Heckit model, which avoids the problems of the methodologies applied to date. We propose hypotheses on the effect on the above decisions of tourist characteristics relating to the destination, personal restrictions and socio-demographic and psychographic characteristics. The empirical application, which is carried out in Spain on a sample of 3,781 individuals, finds a two-stage tourist choice process as the expenditure decision is correlated with that of taking a holiday. In addition, these decisions are also explained by individual tourist characteristics. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste descomponer el proceso de elecciónturístico en dos etapas, salir de vacaciones y gasto turístico, utilizando la modelizaciónHeckit que evita los problemas de las metodologías aplicadas hasta la fecha. Para ello,se proponen hipótesis de investigación acerca del efecto en las decisiones anteriores delas características de los turistas relacionadas con el destino, las restriccionespersonales, las características socio-demográficas y psicográficas. La aplicaciónempírica, efectuada en España sobre una muestra de 3.781 individuos, evidencia unproceso de elección turística bietápico ya que la decisión de gasto está correlacionadacon la de salir de vacaciones. Además, estas decisiones vienen explicadas por lascaracterísticas individuales del turista. |
| Keywords: | Proceso de elección turística bietápica, salir de vacaciones, gastos en turismo, modelo Heckit. Two-stage tourist choice process, going on holiday, tourism expenditures, Heckit model. |
| Date: | 2004–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ivi:wpasec:2004-16&r=mkt |
| By: | Andre de Palma (Université de Cergy-Pontoise, ENPC and Member of Institut Universitaire de France, THEMA, 33,); Lindsey Robin (Department of Economics, University of Alberta); Proost Stef (K.U.Leuven-Center for Economic Studies; UCL - CORE) |
| Abstract: | This article introduces the contributions of this special issue on modelling of urban road pricing and its implementation. The issue focuses on the design of urban road pricing schemes, and their spatial and temporal impacts, using quantitative transport (and land use) models. The policy implications of road pricing, including welfare and equity aspects, are studied for Paris, Brussels and Oslo using state of the art planning models. The issue is completed with a study of public acceptability and the upcoming road-pricing trial in Stockholm, and a review paper on the history of thought and future prospects of road pricing. |
| Keywords: | urban transport planning models, road pricing, transport policy implementation, earmarking, efficiency, equity, acceptability |
| JEL: | D62 R41 R48 R52 |
| Date: | 2005–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:etewps:ete0506&r=mkt |
| By: | Pau, L-F. (Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), RSM Erasmus University) |
| Abstract: | With the emergence of smart business networks, agile networks, etc. as important research areas in management, for all the attractiveness of these concepts, a major issue remains around their design and the selection rules. While smart business networks should provide advantages due to the quick connect of business partners for selected functions in a process common to several parties, literature does not provide constructive methods whereby the selection of temporary partners and functions can be done. Most discussions only rely solely on human judgment. This paper introduces both computational geometry, and genetic programming, as systematic methods whereby to display possible partnerships, and also whereby to plan for their effect on the organizations or functions of those involved. The two techniques are also been put in the context of emergence theory. Business maps address the first challenge with the use of Vorono? diagrams. Cellular automata, with genetic algorithms mimicking living bodies, address the second challenge. This paper does not include experimental results, which have been derived in the high tech area to determine especially the adequateness of systems integrators to set up joint ventures with smaller technology suppliers. |
| Keywords: | Smart Business Networks;Design of Smart business Network;Genetics;Cellular Automata;Emergence Theory;Computational Geometry;Vorono?;Smart Business Maps;Business Genetics;Technology Management; |
| Date: | 2006–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:eureri:30007959&r=mkt |
| By: | Christel Lane; Jocelyn Probert |
| Abstract: | In this paper we examine the sourcing strategies of clothing firms in the developed economies of the UK and Germany in the context of their national institutional framework. We argue that, as a result of their embeddedness in divergent national structures, these firms pursue different sourcing strategies and make different locational choices. We place particular emphasis on the different mix of armsÕ length and relational contracting that firms develop, and on the divergent degree of control over the manufacturing process and the product that they retain. We suggest that the construction of global production networks and control over supplier firms is mediated by co-ordinating firmsÕ product strategy and the degree of dependence on national retailers this engenders. In the UK and Germany, firms and their networks differ from the US case which is normally taken as representative of the industry. |
| Keywords: | clothing industry, global production networks, capabilities |
| JEL: | L22 L23 L67 J2 |
| Date: | 2005–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbr:cbrwps:wp318&r=mkt |
| By: | Fabio Cerina (CRENoS and University of Cagliari) |
| Abstract: | This study focuses on the dynamic evolution of a small open economy specialized in tourism based on natural resources when tourist services are supplied to foreign tourists who are crowding-averse and give positive value to the environmental quality. We analyse the steady-state properties and run several policy exercises in two versions of our model: in the first, private agents’ income is spent entirely on consumption while, in the second, agents are allowed to invest part of their income in pollution abatement technology (PAT) which artificially increases the rate of regeneration of the environmental asset. A unique locally saddle point equilibrium is found in both versions and for both the market and the centralized solution. Our main findings are that: 1) a corrective income tax raises steady state utility in both versions but is capable of leading the economy in its first-best dynamic path only when agents cannot invest in the PAT; 2) when the PAT is available to the government but not to agents, an income tax which finances abatement expenditures may increase steady state utility with respect to the market solution when the natural regeneration rate of the environment and the degree of crowding-aversion are both low enough; 3) when PAT is available, the market chooses to devote a higher fraction of income to abatement than the central planner but in both cases this fraction is positive only if the natural rate of regeneration is not too large; 4) when PAT is available an income pollution tax does not affect the dynamic path of the market economy. |
| Keywords: | Tourism specialization, Sustainability, Environmental quality, Crowding, Pollution abatement |
| JEL: | L83 O41 Q26 Q56 |
| Date: | 2006–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2006.11&r=mkt |
| By: | Koster, M.B.M. de; Shinohara, M. (Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), RSM Erasmus University) |
| Abstract: | Japanese companies value service and quality highly and they put much effort in realising this. However, survey research carried out in 2001 among senior managers of Japanese logistics companies in the Netherlands, indicated that these efforts do not result in significant performance differences compared to western companies. In this exploratory paper, we report of company visits and interviews with managers of Japanese logistics companies in Western Europe. They described a clash of cultures underlying their operations, prohibiting them from achieving performance excellence. The causes focus around two key factors: the unique concept of Japanese service, based on future rewards which are absent in Western Europe; different employment circumstances in Western Europe, which make Japanese human resource management ineffective, and the Japanese career development system which makes that Japanese managers do not always have the right focus in their job abroad. We conclude that Japanese subsidiaries in Western Europe should keep on nourishing their unequalled service standards, while simultaneously adapting to efficiency standards of Western business practices in order to become more successful in the future. |
| Keywords: | Logistics;Service Operation;Quality;Japanese Culture;Europe; |
| Date: | 2006–02–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:eureri:30008038&r=mkt |