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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Berlanda, Andrea (University of Padua); Lodigiani, Elisabetta (University of Padova); Rocco, Lorenzo (University of Padova) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we use the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), complemented with register data on the share of the foreign population in the European regions, to examine the effects of migration on the level of informal care provided by children to their senior parents. Our main results show that migration decreases informal care among daughters with a university degree, while it increases the provision of informal care among daughters with low-to-medium levels of education. Viceversa, migration has practically no effect on sons' care provision who remain little involved in care activities. These results depend on the combination of two supply effects. First, migration increases the supply of domestic and personal services, making formal care more affordable and available. Second, as immigrants compete with low-to-medium-educated native workers, while improve the labor market opportunities of the better educated, the supply of informal care can increase among the less educated daughters and decrease among the more educated. |
| Keywords: | immigration, home production, caregiving, Europe |
| JEL: | F22 J14 J22 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17984 |
| By: | Davide M. Coluccia |
| Abstract: | I examine the impact of the Progressive-era Settlement movement on immigrant assimilation in the United States between 1880 and 1940. Settlements provided services such as job training and childcare to immigrants. Using an individual-level triple difference strategy based on cross-cohort and over-time variation in settlement exposure, I find that settlements increased labor force participation and income for men but not for women. These responses persisted into the generation exposed to settlements during childhood. The gendered effects stem from increased fertility and in-group marriage that excluded women from labor markets, particularly among immigrants from countries with more conservative gender norms. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:not:notnic:2025-03 |
| By: | Mark Borgschulte; Heepyung Cho; Darren Lubotsky; Jonathan L. Rothbaum |
| Abstract: | We estimate the causal impacts of immigration to U.S. cities on the intergenerational economic mobility of children of U.S.-born parents. Immigration raises the educational attainment and earnings among individuals who grew up in poorer households and reduces the earnings, educational attainment, and employment among those who grew up in more affluent households. On net, immigration diminishes the link between parents' and their children's economic outcomes in the receiving population, and thus increases intergenerational mobility. The increase in mobility is strikingly similar in models estimated across cities and in within-city models that control for the trajectories of immigrant destinations. |
| JEL: | J15 J31 J62 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33961 |
| By: | Noame Khaldi; Mehdi Guelmamen |
| Abstract: | The question of social mobility, particularly in deindustrialized regions, is a central issue in understanding contemporary economic and social dynamics. This article examines how regional contexts influence the social trajectories of workers. Using intergenerational mobility tables and an econometric strategy mobilizing a control function, we assess the impact of geographic and social origins on workers’ opportunities for upward social mobility. A combination of economic, geographic and social factors influences their upward social mobility. Geographic and crossborder mobility is a key factor in the upward social mobility of working-class people. These findings help to shed the light on the role of regional disparities and border mobility in structuring socioeconomic inequalities. |
| Keywords: | Social mobility, geographic mobility, social classes, cross-border work. |
| JEL: | A14 J21 J61 P51 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2025-17 |
| By: | Maycas-Sardi, Jose (Carlos III University of Madrid (UC3M)); Serrano-Serrat, Josep |
| Abstract: | In the aftermath of globalization, Western democracies have witnessed a surge in political disaffection and radical-right support. While economic and migration shocks have been widely studied, the political effects of border liberalization remain underexplored. This paper theorizes and tests how increased border permeability can generate political discontent, even without necessarily affecting immigration or direct economic competition. We argue that open borders enable brief, routine interactions between groups across historically closed frontiers. When this occurs between regions of unequal perceived status, it can erode symbolic boundaries and foster resentment. We examine this in the context of the German--Czech border, which transformed from a militarized Cold War frontier to an internal EU border. Leveraging two moments of liberalization---the fall of the Iron Curtain (1989) and Czech EU accession (2004)---we apply difference-in-differences and event study designs using municipality-level data from Bavaria. Border liberalization led to a drop in turnout (around 2 pp) and a rise in radical-right support (around 1 pp). This findings have implications on the determinants of backlash against globalization. |
| Date: | 2025–07–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:t6fhm_v1 |
| By: | Sigurd Galaasen; Andreas R. Kostøl; Joan Monras; Jonathan Vogel |
| Abstract: | What is the effect of immigration on native labor-market outcomes? An extensive literature identifies the differential impact of immigration on natives employed in jobs that are more exposed to immigrant labor (supply exposure). But immigrants consume in addition to producing output. Despite this, no literature identifies the impact on natives employed in jobs that are more exposed to immigrant consumption (demand exposure). We study native labor-market effects of supply and demand exposures to immigration. Theoretically, we formalize both measures of exposure and solve for their effects on native wages. Empirically, we combine employer-employee data with a newly collected dataset covering electronic payments for the universe of residents in Norway to measure supply and demand exposures of all native workers to immigration induced by EU expansions in 2004 and 2007. We find large, positive, and persistent effects of demand exposure to EU expansion on native worker income. |
| JEL: | F0 J0 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33930 |
| By: | Luke Rawling (Queen's University) |
| Abstract: | Immigrants tend to have substantially worse labour market outcomes than Canadian-born workers. This paper provides an overview of immigrants in the Canadian labour market, describing the key barriers that can arise when changing cultures and labour markets and that can hinder immigrants from realizing their economic potential. It then summarizes the efforts Canada has made to alleviate these barriers and highlights some persistent challenges going forward, such as the current state of foreign credential recognition (FCR) and cautioning against the rise of the two-step immigration scheme. Finally, it offers some insights for future policy, such as a more rigorous evaluation of Canada’s Settlement Program, decreasing the disconnect between federal admission decisions and the perceptions of new immigrants by firms and regulatory bodies, and optimizing the points system. |
| Keywords: | immigration, Canada, labor market integration |
| JEL: | F15 J15 |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:wpaper:1537 |
| By: | Ekoh, Susan; Martin-Shields, Charles; Kitzmann, Carolin; Küssau, Nina; Pfeffer, Mario; Platen, Merle; Reinel, Theresa; Setrana, Mary Boatemaa; Appiah Kubi, Johnson Wilson; Effa, Stella |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses an existential threat to individuals and communities across the world. Populations with existing socio-economic vulnerabilities are the most affected, with people already experiencing climate-related losses and damages. Extreme weather events and other adverse impacts of climate change lead to forced displacement of populations to, from and within cities. Hence, building and supporting social cohesion in displacement contexts will be a key activity for development cooperation actors. This research study therefore explores these questions: How do the elements of social cohesion, trust, inclusive identity and cooperation for the common good, evolve within communities and across institutions in Accra's informal settlements? Additionally, what role do climate resilience efforts play in fostering or hampering vertical and horizontal social cohesion in Accra's informal settlements?Our findings suggest that limited institutional resilience efforts contribute to weak vertical cohesion between neighbourhoods and city authorities, undermining collective responses to climate challenges. The research emphasizes the need for a more integrated approach, whereby community-led initiatives and state interventions work together to strengthen resilience and social cohesion in Accra's informal settlements. |
| Keywords: | Urban Displacement, Social Cohesion, Climate Change, Ghana, Accra |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:319872 |
| By: | López Villamil, Stephanie |
| Abstract: | The Colombian government's response to the Venezuelan displacement crisis has largely been lauded for its efforts to support displaced persons by granting legal residency. However, this comes with challenges, as resources at the local level are strained. These challenges can be understood through the lens of social cohesion, which encompasses a sense of belonging, trust, the common good, shared values, identity and, at its core, inequality. By examining the case of Colombia, this research provides context-specific findings that potentially deepen our understanding of social cohesion in displacement contexts. In a very short period, Colombia has received more than 3 million displaced Venezuelans. The government of Colombia responded to this displacement with open-door policies that included large regularisation programmes. In response, Colombians have learnt to live with Venezeulans in relative harmony, despite the structural economic and social issues affecting the communities. Looking to the future of developing greater social cohesion in the context of Venezuelan displacement in Colombia, the research points to four main themes. Investments in civic education and support with integration at the local level can help Venezuelans and host communities better understand one another's social and economic realities in the present and future. This is key since Venezuelans struggle to understand the long-standing Colombian conflict and how the violence permeates the society and their communities. Engaging with local peacebuilding actors can help develop a shared understanding about violence in Colombia, both for Venezuelans and host communities. While xenophobia and discrimination have diminished over time, policy-makers should build on the local efforts that have helped tamp down xenophobia. Finally, the media has an important role in spreading xenophobic narratives about migrants harming social cohesion in the communities. These narratives can have a toxic effect on building social cohesion in host communities, and leaders need to push back against these messages. |
| Keywords: | Forced Displacement, Venezuela, Colombia, Social Cohesion |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:319871 |