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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Bilge, Nur; Naiditch, Claire |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of international migration on internal mobility patterns in Turkey between 2014 and 2022. Using rich bilateral migration flow data, we explore heterogeneity by migrant type and nationality. Our findings indicate that an increase in the share of foreigners in a province is associated with higher out-migration of Turkish nationals. In contrast, a greater share of refugees tends to reduce native internal migration, highlighting distinct effects based on migrant status. We also find substantial variation by migrant nationality, suggesting once more that the characteristics of migrants shape their impact on native mobility. Further, we uncover asymmetric effects: the effect of foreign presence is more pronounced in provinces with initially low levels of internal mobility. Finally, by incorporating subjective measures of satisfaction with public services, we show that both access to and satisfaction with local services significantly influence internal migration decisions. |
| Keywords: | Gravity model, Internal migration, International migration |
| JEL: | J15 F22 O15 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1658 |
| By: | Vinicius Schuabb |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the short- and long-term effects of immigrant assimilation policies in Brazil following the Mass Migration period. I focus on the Nationalization Campaign, launched by the federal government amid rising anti-immigrant sentiment during the Great Depression and the two World Wars. Using newly assembled archival data spanning the twentieth century, I assess the impact of these policies on the educational outcomes of immigrants and their descendants, following the forced closure of hundreds of immigrant-community schools. In the short term, the campaign significantly reduced educational attainment among targeted immigrant groups across state, municipal, and individual levels. In the long term, immigrants who were school-age during the campaign attained less education over their lifetimes, with adverse effects extending into the second generation. The magnitude of these effects was mediated by the degree of cultural proximity between immigrant groups and native Brazilians. These findings underscore the enduring consequences of assimilationist policies and offer insights for contemporary debates on immigration and education policy. |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2509.02836 |
| By: | Cassie Chen Xiang; Mr. Manuk Ghazanchyan |
| Abstract: | Migration has been typically accompanied by persistently large gender gaps in labor force participation (LFP) rates within the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries from 1990 to 2020. However, the impact of both emigration (moving abroad) and immigration (coming in to the host country), and their joint effect on gender gap in labor force participation in LAC remains to be explored. This paper fills this gap by using both country-level data across LAC countries and individual-level data within Colombia as a supplementary case study. Our country-level analysis of LAC countries from 1991 to 2019 reveals that emigration is associated with decreased labor force participation rates, particularly among women. Supporting these findings, and based on data on Colombia from 2017 to 2019, we found that remittances, serving as a proxy for emigration, are associated with reduced labor force participation, especially among less-educated, older, and informal-sector women workers shaped by structural barriers and policy gaps. The reduced LFP rates for all genders are also shown with the influx of Venezuelan immigrants (serving as a proxy for an immigration shock) in the Colombian case. |
| Keywords: | Emigration; Immigration; Gender Inequality; Labor Force Participation; Latin America and Caribbean |
| Date: | 2025–08–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/167 |
| By: | Andrea Bernini; Navid Sabet |
| Abstract: | We study how immigrant legalization affects political representation and public service delivery, focusing on the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which granted legal status to nearly three million undocumented Hispanic migrants. Using geographic variation in IRCA exposure and newly digitized data on 12, 000 Hispanic officials, we find legalization increased Hispanic representation in local government and facilitated upward mobility from school boards into municipal and county offices. These changes altered institutional behavior, shifting education spending toward capital investment and diversifying the racial composition of the teaching workforce. Immigration policy thus reshapes who governs and how public goods are allocated. |
| Keywords: | legalization, political representation, political mobility, local public finance |
| JEL: | J15 H75 D72 I28 J61 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12081 |
| By: | Bollino, Carlo Andrea; Galeotti, Marzio |
| Abstract: | While population growth is a known driver of CO2 emissions, prevailing models often treat “population” as a homogeneous factor. This study addresses a critical gap, providing the first comprehensive empirical analysis to disaggregate the contributions of native-born and migrant populations to domestic CO2 emissions. Using an extended STIRPAT model for 172 countries (1990-2022), separated by OECD and non-OECD blocs, we uncover two novel insights. First, native-born populations consistently exhibit a substantially higher emissions elasticity than migrants in both country groups. Second, a dynamic shift occurred in OECD countries: migrants’ initially higher per capita emissions impact steadily declined over time, becoming lower than native-born individuals after 2003-2004. This refutes simplistic notions that migration inherently increases emissions. Our findings underscore the urgent need for differentiated, equitable climate policies that acknowledge the heterogeneous and evolving consumption patterns of diverse demographic groups, enabling more efficient mitigation strategies. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change |
| Date: | 2025–08–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:369003 |