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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Davide M. Coluccia; Gaia Dossi |
| Abstract: | This paper documents that out-migration promotes the diffusion of innovation from the country of destination to the country of origin of migrants. Between 1870 and 1940, nearly four million British immigrants settled in the United States. We construct a novel individual-level dataset linking British immigrants in the US to the UK census, and we digitize the universe of UK patents from 1853 to 1899. Using a triple-differences design, we show that migration ties contribute to technology diffusion from the destination to the origin country. The text analysis of patents reveals that emigration promotes technology transfer and fosters the production of high-impact innovation. Return migration is an important driver of this "return innovation" effect. However, the interactions between emigrants and their origin communities - families and neighbors - promote technology diffusion even in the absence of migrants' physical return. |
| Keywords: | age of mass migration, innovation, networks, out-migration |
| Date: | 2025–01–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2069 |
| By: | Ceballos, Francisco; Heckert, Jessica; Hernandez, Manuel A.; Paz, Florencia |
| Abstract: | Migration is a recurrent global phenomenon that has rapidly increased over the past decades. As of 2020, there were 281 million international migrants (equivalent to 3.6 percent of the global population), a 27 percent increase compared to the 221 million in 2010 (UN DESA 2020). Even though COVID-19 slowed international migration (McAuliffe and Triandafyllidou, 2022), it is quickly returning to pre-pandemic levels. Approximately half of migrants are men, and a third are youth (15-24 year olds). Western Europe and the United States receive the most international migrants, and most migrants originate from rural areas, which receive around 40% of international remittances (Food and Agriculture Organization 2018). Domestically, there were around 763 million of internal migrants as of 2013, equivalent to around 12 percent of the global population (United Nations Population Division, 2013). Whether international or domestic, a large share of migrants is forced to leave their homes due to multiple reasons that include socioeconomic, climatic, and conflict factors, which may also act as compound shocks (Piguet et al., 2011; Josephson and Shively, 2021), such that migration similarly represents an important adaptation strategy that can help improve livelihoods, build resilience, and protect against fragility (Hernandez et al., 2023). |
| Keywords: | migration; women's empowerment; gender; livelihoods; resilience |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168433 |
| By: | Herbert Schuetze; Jen Baggs |
| Abstract: | The earnings outcomes of recent immigrants to Canada are considerably below those of similarly skilled native-born workers and these gaps rarely fully dissipate over time. A few recent studies examine the importance of unobserved firm-level wage premiums in explaining immigrant-native wage gaps. These studies find that the sorting of immigrants into low wage establishments explains a significant portion of the initial earnings gap between immigrants and native-born workers and that movements to higher wage firms over time partially explains why immigrant wages catch up to those of the native born. Likely due to a lack of detailed information on firm attributes, very little is known about the role of observed firmlevel characteristics in immigrant wage outcomes. This paper focuses on the relationship between observable establishment-level characteristics and the relative wage outcomes of immigrants using linked Canadian employee-employer data from Statistics Canada’s Workplace and Employment Survey (WES) for 2005. We augment a human capital model with a rich set of observed establishment-level characteristics to identify the precise establishment attributes driving firm-specific wage premiums and the establishment characteristics associated with unobserved worker-firm match quality across immigrants and the native born. We find that, while several observed establishment characteristics are associated with firm pay premia, the average skill level of employees at a firm plays a particularly important role in the sorting of immigrants across establishment. Recent arrivals to Canada are sorted into establishments with lower average skill levels, which is associated with lower wages. Such sorting is concentrated among immigrants from non-traditional source countries. With time in Canada, immigrants move to establishments with higher average skill levels. JEL Classification: J15 J31 J62 |
| Keywords: | Immigrant, wage differential, firm characteristics |
| Date: | 2024–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vic:vicddp:2406 |
| By: | Tambunan, Alrin; Wiyono, Satrio Bagus |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the legal frameworks and practical challenges associated with immigration travel documents, including passports, visas, and emergency travel certificates. These documents play a critical role in facilitating international mobility while upholding national security and compliance with immigration laws. The study employs a normative-empirical approach to examine the issuance, use, and management of travel documents in the context of Indonesian immigration regulations and international standards such as the 1951 Refugee Convention and ICAO guidelines. Key findings reveal significant administrative barriers, legal inconsistencies, and human rights concerns, particularly for vulnerable groups like refugees and stateless individuals. The paper concludes with recommendations to enhance global collaboration, streamline administrative processes, and integrate advanced technologies for more effective travel document management. |
| Date: | 2025–01–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:m2euv |