|
on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Asbjoern Juul Petersen (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen) |
| Abstract: | investigate what affects foreign students’ decision to stay and work in the host country after completion of higher education. Specifically I ask whether the network of native peers at university affect the probability that foreign students in Denmark stay in the country and find employment after ended studies. To identify the causal effects, I exploit idiosyncratic variation in the share of Danish students who are admitted into each study program over adjacent cohorts. I find that an increase in the share of native peers of one standard deviation increases the probability that foreign students are employed in Denmark two years after ended studies by 4 pct. points. The effects are significant at least four years after ended studies. Improved professional network and knowledge of the Danish labor market seem to be an important mechanism. |
| Keywords: | Foreign students, labor supply, peer effects, higher education |
| JEL: | J22 I21 F66 |
| Date: | 2024–11–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kucebi:2417 |
| By: | Peter Toth (National Bank of Slovakia); Matej Vitalos (Supreme Audit Office of the Slovak Republic) |
| Abstract: | We study the returns to language skills of immigrants using the European Adult Education Survey (2016). We estimate a standard income equation augmented by self-reported proficiency levels in the host country's language and in English. Contrary to earlier literature, we find that the inclusion of English skills of immigrants increases the estimated returns to proficiency in the local language. Next, considering heterogeneous effects across occupations, we find significantly positive returns to language proficiency only for medium-skilled occupations. Among those, blue-collar jobs reward fluency in both the local language and English. Whereas in white-collar jobs, only the knowledge of English yields significantly higher income. These estimates are consistent with occupational sorting of immigrants and suggest that there are complementarities between proficiency in languages and job skills for some occupations. Following earlier literature, we also corrected the potential endogeneity bias in host-country language skills using instrumental variable methods. Our findings could be relevant for immigration policies in Europe. |
| JEL: | J15 J31 J61 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:svk:wpaper:1114 |
| By: | Yi Wu; Kusum Mundra |
| Abstract: | Immigrant homeownership is an important factor for immigrant’s integration and assimilation for any large immigrant receiving country and there is increasing evidence on the role of social capital on housing outcomes as well as other financial well-being of immigrant groups. This paper uses detail and rich UK data from the Household Longitudinal Study (UKLS) to first, measure social capital in various dimensions using rich micro level data from the UK and then further identify the channels through which networks operate for immigrant groups and the strength of these networks. Second, this paper looks at what is the role of social capital on immigrant homeownership in the UK. We found that immigrants weak ties, proportion of close friends, plays strong role in financial support for the immigrants. |
| Keywords: | Financial help; Homeownership; Social Capital; UK immigrants |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2024-238 |
| By: | Lina María Sánchez-Céspedes; |
| Abstract: | Areas with violence problems have traditionally been considered the origin of migration flows but not their destination. We propose that the effect of violence on the choice of a destination depends on economic incentives and pre-violence exposition. High levels of violence in a location lowers the utility of migrating to that location. This is the direct effect of violence. However, violence may also eject people, decreasing labour supply, making a municipality attractive to migrants. This is the indirect effect. To estimate both effects, we apply: “The restricted mediation model with instrumental variables”. Violence is the “treatment”, unemployment is the “mediator” and the number of migrants from an origin to each destination is the “final outcome”. We estimate this model for 1091 sender municipalities. We find that municipal unemployment decreases as the homicide rate increases. For some municipalities, the indirect effect of violence via unemployment attenuates, cancels, or even exceeds its negative direct effect. We find migration flows toward municipalities with high levels of violence and unemployment. The municipalities where we observe this behaviour belong to manufacturing clusters or to regions dedicated to produce oil, coal, and coca, among others. |
| Keywords: | destination choice, direct and indirect effects, economic incentives, emigration, migration, unemployment, violence |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:416 |