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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Brett McCully (Collegio Carlo Alberto); Torsten Jaccard (Vancouver School of Economics); Christoph Albert (Collegio Carlo Alberto) |
| Abstract: | Do immigrants make goods from their origin country more accessible to their non-immigrant neighbors? We augment U.S. grocery scanner data to include the origin country of both households and products, thereby enabling the first direct estimate of how local immigrant presence affects import penetration. Using a quantitative model of trade, we show that immigrants increase the grocery import expenditure share by 8%. Three quarters of this effect is attributable to immigrants’ own disproportionate preferences for imported goods. Immigrants therefore raise import expenditures primarily through their own consumption, with muted benefits for their non-immigrant neighbors. The benefits that do accrue to natives are concentrated within high-income and urban households. |
| Keywords: | Import demand, immigrant preferences, household heterogeneity, spillovereffects |
| JEL: | F22 J31 J61 R11 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:2417 |
| By: | Opono, Samuel; Ahimbisibwe, Frank |
| Abstract: | This policy brief, based on a research project funded by VLIR-UOS, focuses on sustainable refugee integration in Uganda, the largest refugee-hosting country in Africa. The project highlights the vulnerabilities and resilience of elderly refugees, aiming to improve their integration into host communities and inform policy interventions through engagement with policymakers. |
| Keywords: | Uganda, South Sudan, refugees |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iob:apbrfs:2024007 |
| By: | Fang, Tony (Memorial University of Newfoundland); Hsu, Mei (National Taiwan University); Lin, Carl (Bucknell University) |
| Abstract: | Using data from 1980, 1990, and 2000 U.S. censuses, as well as the 2010 and 2019 American Community Surveys and the 1993–2019 National Survey of College Graduates, we investigate the performance of Chinese immigrants in the U.S. labor market over the past 40 years since China initiated its economic reforms and open-door policy in 1978. The results indicate that by 1990, Chinese immigrants' earnings surpassed those of immigrants from other countries, and by 2010, they exceeded the earnings of U.S.-born workers. Our Oaxaca-Blinder and Quantile decomposition analyses suggest that a significant portion of the earnings advantage held by Chinese immigrants, compared to other immigrant groups and U.S.-born workers over time, can be attributed to differences in observable characteristics, with education being the most crucial factor, both at the mean and across the earnings distribution. By employing national surveys that provide data on college graduates, we demonstrate that attaining the highest degree earned in the U.S. is associated with higher earnings for Chinese immigrants compared to all other immigrants. Furthermore, the difference in returns to U.S.-earned highest degrees can account for this earnings advantage. |
| Keywords: | immigration, China, the U.S., economic assimilation, Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, quantile decomposition |
| JEL: | J31 J61 J24 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17251 |
| By: | Merli, M. Giovanna |
| Abstract: | We describe the heterogeneity of the Chinese immigrant population in France and investigate how immigrants’ diverse patterns of social integration predict perceptions of racism, using survey data and in-depth interviews collected during the COVID-19 outbreak, a period during which anti-Chinese and anti-Asian xenophobia and racism were activated. Our unique data, collected for the Chinese Immigrants in the Paris Region (ChIPRe) Study, enable a classification of Chinese immigrants at the intersection of their migration histories, socio-demographic profiles, broad social integration indicators, and attributes of their social ties that characterize distinct patterns of social interaction with co-ethnics and with the wider French society. Our classification highlights three distinct groups: an established ethnic enclave of Wenzhou Chinese, an immigrant underclass whose members arrived in France after the dismantling of China’s centrally planned economy, and successive cohorts of international students, many of whom have gained professional employment in France or intend to stay in France after graduation from institutions of higher education. These distinct immigrant profiles predict different frequencies of subjective experiences of racism that are not attributable to the conventional predictors of racism perceptions alone and add nuance to the discrepancy between conventional social integration indicators and discrimination and racism found among the main immigrant groups and their children in many European countries. |
| Date: | 2024–09–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:24zqd |
| By: | Yashodhan Ghorpade |
| Abstract: | I study the effect of the 2019-21 desert locust outbreak on the intention to migrate among rural households and individuals in Yemen, as an illustration of the human mobility impacts of climate change-related shocks in a complex emergency setting. Using the first systematic household survey conducted in southern Yemen since the beginning of the ongoing conflict, I find that a one standard-deviation increase in exposure to desert locusts increases the individual willingness to migrate (internally or abroad) by 12 percentage points among rural residents. |
| Keywords: | Migration, Climate change, Yemen, Natural disasters, Shocks |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2024-51 |
| By: | Mickael Melki; Hillel Rapoport; Enrico Spolaore; Romain Wacziarg |
| Abstract: | We argue that migrants played a significant role in the diffusion of the demographic transition from France to the rest of Europe in the late 19th century. Employing novel data on French immigration from other European regions from 1850 to 1930, we find that higher immigration to France translated into lower fertility in the region of origin after a few decades - both in cross-region regressions for various periods, and in a panel setting with region fixed effects. These results are robust to the inclusion of a variety of controls, and across multiple specifications. We also find that immigrants who themselves became French citizens achieved lower fertility, particularly those who moved to French regions with the lowest fertility levels. We interpret these findings in terms of cultural remittances, consistently with insights from a theoretical framework where migrants act as vectors of cultural diffusion, spreading new information, social norms and preferences pertaining to modern fertility to their regions of origin. |
| JEL: | J13 N33 Z10 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32990 |
| By: | Ha, Jinkyung |
| Abstract: | The rapid growth of the digital content market has fueled the expansion of the creator economy, driving platforms to innovate and vie for creators' attention. In South Korea, the competitive landscape intensified with Twitch's withdrawal from the market in December 2023. This decision significantly impacted streamers who create content and shape the ecosystem, compelling them to quickly undertake involuntary platform migration to maintain their stability. However, most previous research has focused on voluntary migration. To address this gap, this study adopts refugee theory and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach to systematically examine the decision-making process in involuntary migration and identify the key criteria that streamers consider in this unique circumstance. As the result, this study found that streamers considered their own characteristic as the most important criterion in case of involuntary migration. Additionally, it reveals that fan preference, content category, and platform ambience similarity play crucial roles in the decision-making process, with CHZZK emerging as the most attractive alternative platform. As one of the first studies to explore involuntary platform migration, it provides both academic and practical implications for understanding how streamers adapt to sudden platform changes and highlights the importance of maintaining robust fan communities. |
| Keywords: | Live-streaming, Creator economy, Involuntary migration, Refugee theory, Analytic Hierarchy Process |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb24:302475 |
| By: | Thomas B. Foster; Lee Fiorio; Mark Ellis |
| Abstract: | Survey and administrative internal migration data disagree on whether the COVID-19 pandemic increased or decreased mobility in the U.S. Moreover, though scholars have theorized and documented migration in response to environmental hazards and economic shocks, the novel conditions posed by a global pandemic make it difficult to hypothesize whether and how American migration might change as a result. We link individual-level data from the United States Postal Service’s National Change of Address (NCOA) registry to American Community Survey (ACS) and Current Population Survey (CPS-ASEC) responses and other administrative records to document changes in the level, geography, and composition of migrant flows between 2019 and 2021. We find a 2% increase in address changes between 2019 and 2020, representing an additional 603, 000 moves, driven primarily by young adults, earners at the extremes of the income distribution, and individuals (as opposed to families) moving over longer distances. Though the number of address changes returned to pre-pandemic levels in 2021, the pandemic-era geographic and compositional shifts in favor of longer distance moves away from the Pacific and Mid-Atlantic regions toward the South and in favor of younger, individual movers persisted. We also show that at least part of the disconnect between survey, media, and administrative/third-party migration data sources stems from the apparent misreporting of address changes on Census Bureau surveys. Among ACS and CPS-ASEC householders linked to NCOA data and filing a permanent change of address in their 1-year survey response reference period, only around 68% of ACS and 49% of CPS-ASEC householders also reported living in a different residence one year ago in their survey response. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:24-50 |
| By: | Hiroyuki Matsuyama (Graduate School of Economics, The University of Tokyo); Chigusa Okamoto (Faculty of Economics, huo University); Yasuhiro Sato (Faculty of Economcis, The University of Tokyo) |
| Abstract: | We develop a model of social integration of immigrants in which both native individuals and immigrants decide whether to accept each other’s culture and norms. While cultural acceptance leads to greater returns due to agglomeration economies, it also requires higher communication costs. We show conditions under which higher social integration of immigrants occurs in large cities and characterize the efficiency of equilibrium. Our findings are supported by data from the European Social Survey. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:fseres:2024cf1236 |