|
on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Della Guardia, Anne Chartron; Lake, Milli May; Saidi, Mira |
| Abstract: | The rapid expansion of social safety nets in contexts affected by violence, fragility and forced displacement raises questions about whether such programs can relieve the worst forms of insecurity and vulnerability in affected communities. To answer this question, the authors analyze 394 qualitative interviews from Burkina Faso and Cameroon (West and Central Africa). As the first study of its kind conducting cross-country comparative research in varied security contexts, the authors posit three channels – material, social, and political – through which social protection can shape experiences of violence, fragility and forced displacement. The authors found that social assistance, or social safety nets, built resilience by smoothing consumption and relieving the pressure of unanticipated shocks while programs were ongoing. However, because many of the most vulnerable inhabitants directed transfer spending towards immediate subsistence needs, safety nets rarely resulted in additional income-generating opportunities or enduring material effects beyond the program’s conclusion. Although trends diverged across regions and security contexts, the authors identified tentative evidence of social and political effects, in the form of expanded social networks, cohesion and interdependence among some beneficiary groups, and greater confidence in existing institutions when beneficiaries attributed the safety net to the government. The authors examined these impacts across regions facing distinct levels and types of insecurity. |
| Date: | 2024–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:hdnspu:192987 |
| By: | Rutledge, Zachariah; Taylor, J. Edward |
| Abstract: | Recent studies show that the supply of farm workers from rural Mexico is decreasing (Charlton and Taylor, 2016). Because the vast majority of hired farm workers in the United States are from Mexico, a negative trend in farm labor migration from Mexico creates challenges for California farmers. The purpose of this survey is to collect information about changes in farming practices resulting from the increased incidence of farmworker scarcity. This report describes the survey response and summarizes a number of key preliminary findings. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Labor and Human Capital, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midasp:344495 |
| By: | Ms. Alina Carare; Alejandro Fiorito Baratas; Jessie Kilembe; Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov; Wenzhang Zhang |
| Abstract: | We provide a consistent empirical framework to estimate the net joint effect of emigration and remittances on the migrants’ countries of origin key economic variables (GDP growth and labor force participation), while addressing the endogeneity concerns using novel “shift-share” instrumental variables in the spirit of Anelli and others (2023). Understanding this joint impact is crucial for the Latin America and the Caribbean region that has seen a continuous growth in remittances over the past decades, due to steady emigration, and where remittances represent the largest capital inflows for many countries now. Focusing on the past two decades (1999-2019), this study finds that on average emigration has a negative and statistically significant impact on contemporaneous economic growth and change in labor force participation in the countries of origin across LAC, while remittances partially mitigate this adverse impact—especially on economic growth—resulting in a small negative net joint effect. There are significant differences across subregions for all estimates, with the largest negative effects observed in the Caribbean. In addition, the negative impact of emigration and remittances on the change in labor participation is small, but for the youngest cohort (15-24) is twice as large as for the overall labor force participation. The results are robust to various specifications, variables, and measurements of emigration and remittances. |
| Keywords: | Emigration; Remittances; Labor Force Participation; Economic Growth; Latin America |
| Date: | 2024–08–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/175 |
| By: | Michael A. Clemens (Peterson Institute for International Economics) |
| Abstract: | South Korea faces an unprecedented economic crisis driven by rapid population aging, as it approaches a future of negative economic growth. This paper examines the full range of possible policy responses with the potential to restore dynamism to the Korean economy. Contrary to many prior analyses, the author finds that enhanced labor migration to Korea is necessary, sufficient, and feasible. Migration is necessary because in the best forecasts we have, no other class of policy has the quantitative potential to meaningfully offset aging. Migration is sufficient because enhanced temporary labor migration by itself would offset most of Korea's demographic drag on growth over the next 50 years. And migration is feasible because the levels of migration and timescale of the transition would resemble that already carried out by Malaysia and Australia. Many advanced economies will follow in Korea's demographic footsteps in decades to come, and have much to learn from the decisions that the Korean government makes now. |
| Keywords: | Migration, South Korea, Labor, Demography, Economic Growth, Population Aging |
| JEL: | F22 J15 K37 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp24-18 |
| By: | Fazio, Andrea; Giaccherini, Matilde |
| Abstract: | Building on social identity theory, we suggest that natives from stereotyped groups tend to value cultural distance more and think that immigrants are not good for the economy and the fiscal system. We draw upon research showing that overweight and obese individuals suffer from social stigma and discrimination and we investigate the relationship between high body mass and attitudes toward immigrants in Europe. We exploit the appointment of the Belgian Minister of Health to provide causal evidence that stigmatization and stereotyping contribute to negative attitudes toward immigrants. Furthermore, a survey experiment shows that individuals with a higher body mass index prioritize cultural factors over economic ones when facing immigrants. |
| Keywords: | Attitudes toward Immigrants, Social Identity Theory, Stigma |
| JEL: | J14 J15 J71 Z1 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1470 |
| By: | Brücker, Herbert (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Ehab, Maye (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Jaschke, Philipp (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Kosyakova, Yuliya (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany ; Univ. Bamberg) |
| Abstract: | "Various institutional hurdles such as asylum procedures, employment bans and residency restrictions impair the labor market integration of refugees. These hurdles are prevalent particularly at the beginning of their stay, and are reduced over time, as shown by analyses based on the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. Language and other integration programs also gradually facilitate integration into the labor market. This improved integration is reflected in the increase in the employment rate of refugees who arrived in 2015 to almost two thirds in 2022." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Asylverfahren ; IAB-Open-Access-Publikation ; Integrationskurs ; berufliche Integration ; Beschäftigungsentwicklung ; Determinanten ; Entwicklung ; Erwerbsbeteiligung ; Erwerbsquote ; Geflüchtete ; geschlechtsspezifische Faktoren ; institutionelle Faktoren ; Sprachförderung ; IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten ; Wohnort ; Arbeitsverbot ; 2016-2022 |
| Date: | 2024–07–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabkbe:202410(en) |