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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | I. Etzo; R. Paci; C. Usala |
| Abstract: | Our study examines the relationship between university student mobility and local economic dynamics. Universities are pivotal in shaping societies and economies as hubs of knowledge creation, innovation, and cultural exchange. While recent research underscores the significant impact of university students on local development, there is a notable gap in understanding the distinct effects of mobile versus resident students on the local economy. Using data from 90 NUTS3 provinces in Italy between 2013 and 2019, we investigate the spatial inequalities generated by student mobility. Our focus is on secondlevel university students, who are closer to entering the labor market and thus have a more immediate impact on the local economy. Employing a standard fixed effects growth model, our findings reveal that incoming students significantly boost the economic growth of the destination province, particularly in the Center-North regions (brain gain). Conversely, the southern provinces suffer reduced growth due to the loss of talented students (brain drain). Thus, student mobility exacerbates the enduring spatial disparities in Italy contributing to uneven economic development across regions. |
| Keywords: | spatial disparities;brain drain;mobile university students;growth model |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cns:cnscwp:202411&r= |
| By: | Michel Beine; Vincent Fromentin; Javier Sánchez Bachiller |
| Abstract: | An extensive literature has documented the incentive effect of emigration prospects in terms of human capital accumulation in origin countries. Much less attention has been paid to the impact on specific educational choices. We provide some evidence from the behavior of students at the University of Lorraine that is located in the northeast of France and close to Luxembourg, a booming economy with attractive work conditions. We find that students who paid attention to the foreign labor market at the time of enrollment tend to choose topics that lead to occupations that are highly valued in Luxembourg. These results hold when accounting for heterogeneous substitution patterns across study fields through the estimation of advanced discrete choice models. Incentive effects of emigration prospects are also found when accounting for the potential endogeneity of the interest for the foreign labor market using a control function approach based on the initial locations of these students at the time of enrollment. Consistently, students showing no attention to the foreign labor market are not subject to the incentive effect of emigration prospects. |
| Keywords: | brain gain, emigration prospects, educational choices, discrete choice modelling, labor markets |
| JEL: | C25 F22 J61 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11158&r= |
| By: | de Padua, David (Asian Development Bank); Lanzafame, Matteo (Asian Development Bank); Qureshi , Irfan (Asian Development Bank); Taniguchi, Kiyoshi (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | Remittances are an important source of external financing in Pakistan, amounting to around 10% of gross domestic product in 2021. As such, an appropriate understanding of the key macroeconomic drivers of remittances has important policy implications. Combining a database of bilateral remittances between Pakistan and its main remittance-sending countries with monthly macroeconomic data over 2003–2021, we use a Bayesian vector autoregression model to understand the drivers of remittances to Pakistan. Specifically, we do so by estimating the impact of various structural shocks on remittance growth in Pakistan. We find that macroeconomic variables, including economic activity, inflation, equity markets, and interest rates—both in Pakistan and migrants’ host countries—play a significant role, and their contributions vary over time. |
| Keywords: | remittances; macroeconomics; Pakistan |
| JEL: | E70 F22 F24 |
| Date: | 2024–07–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0733&r= |
| By: | Tessa Hall; Alan Manning |
| Abstract: | In 2023, the majority of migrants were workers or students, and their dependants. Humanitarian immigration also increased - with visa schemes set up for those fleeing Ukraine and Hong Kong. |
| Keywords: | Election 2024, Election2024, UK Economy, Immigration |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepeap:062&r= |