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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Pereira dos Santos, João (Queen Mary University of London); Strohmaier, Kristina (University of Tuebingen) |
| Abstract: | Residency by Investment programs have become integral to contemporary migration policies, providing a distinct pathway for individuals to acquire a new legal status through financial investments. In this paper, we study the extent to which "golden visas" impact real estate housing markets. Using the population of transactions records from 2007 to 2019, we analyse the introduction of the Golden Visa Program in Portugal in 2012. We first present descriptive bunching evidence around the €500, 000 threshold, revealing potential price distortions. Merging the transaction data to property tax records, we then conduct a difference-in-differences analysis assessing the golden visa impact on the discrepancy between transaction prices and fiscal values. This analysis uncovers a "Golden Visa Premium, " where transaction prices exceed fiscal values by an average of around €38, 000 at the investment threshold, indicating a more than 10% price increase in high-end housing prices. Finally, survey data from the Portuguese population indicates widespread support for ending the program, particularly among the elderly, educated residents in Lisbon. |
| Keywords: | residency by investment, housing, Portugal |
| JEL: | R21 R38 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16857&r=mig |
| By: | Misuraca, Roberta; Zimmermann, Klaus F. |
| Abstract: | A scarce literature deals with the consumption implications of cultural assimilation and integration, ethnic clustering and diasporas, the marginal propensity to consume, home production and allocation of time, ethnic consumption, migration, and trade, as well as native consumption responses. Consumption patterns reflect how migrants integrate into their new environment while preserving their cultural origins. The identity formation may also affect economic and societal relations between the involved countries. |
| Keywords: | ethnic identity, ethnic imports, ethnic niches, ethnic clusters, diaspora, ethnic goods, cultural assimilation, ethnosizer, consumption propensity, home production, allocation of time |
| JEL: | E21 J15 Z10 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1412&r=mig |
| By: | Marco Letta; Pierluigi Montalbano; Adriana Paolantonio |
| Abstract: | The complex relationship between climate shocks, migration, and adaptation hampers a rigorous understanding of the heterogeneous mobility outcomes of farm households exposed to climate risk. To unpack this heterogeneity, the analysis combines longitudinal multi-topic household survey data from Nigeria with a causal machine learning approach, tailored to a conceptual framework bridging economic migration theory and the poverty traps literature. The results show that pre-shock asset levels, in situ adaptive capacity, and cumulative shock exposure drive not just the magnitude but also the sign of the impact of agriculture-relevant weather anomalies on the mobility outcomes of farming households. While local adaptation acts as a substitute for migration, the roles played by wealth constraints and repeated shock exposure suggest the presence of climate-induced immobility traps. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2403.09470&r=mig |
| By: | Cole, Matthew A. (University of Birmingham); Jabbour, Liza (University of Birmingham); Ozgen, Ceren (University of Birmingham); Yumoto, Hiromi (University of Essex) |
| Abstract: | We explore whether a civic integration component dedicated to labor market training (the ONA) boosts refugees' economic outcomes and the quality of firms they work for. Using linked employer-employee administrative data from 2014 to 2021 for the Netherlands and Regression Discontinuity design we find that taking the ONA sped up the economic integration of refugees for 3 years in terms of increased employment probability, hours worked and higher hourly wages. We further show that taking the ONA results in refugees working for larger, less labor-intensive and less routine-task intensive firms and experiencing increased job stability. The ONA benefits male and female refugees and particularly those from Syria. |
| Keywords: | refugees, firms, labor market performance, integration exam, Netherlands |
| JEL: | J08 J15 |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16828&r=mig |
| By: | Dany Bahar; Rebecca J. Brough; Giovanni Peri |
| Abstract: | The inflow of refugees and their subsequent integration can be an important challenge for both the refugees themselves and the host society. Policy interventions can improve the lives and economic success of refugees and of their communities. In this paper, we review the socioeconomic integration policy interventions focused on refugees and the evidence surrounding them. We also highlight some interesting topics for future research and stress the need to rigorously evaluate their effectiveness and implications for the successful integration of refugees. |
| JEL: | H53 J15 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32266&r=mig |
| By: | Landini, Fabio; Rinaldi, Riccardo |
| Abstract: | The article examines the drivers of migrant atypical employment in the manufacturing sector of the Emilia-Romagna region. By drawing on administrative data based on mandatory communications we document that, even in an industry characterized by high quality of productions and occupations, migrants have a disproportionally higher likelihood to be hired through either fixed-term or agency contracts compared to natives. We interpret this evidence through a set of alternative theories, including human capital theory, dual labour market processes, the use of precarious contracts as screening devices and institutional segmentation theories. The empirical analysis reveals that while migrant employment through fixed-term contracts is consistent with screening purposes, the hiring of migrants with agency contracts is driven by processes of institutional segmentation, through which employers shift the costs of flexibility to the most vulnerable and less organized segments within the labour force, such as migrants. Managerial and policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | job quality, migrant workers, manufacturing, nonstandard employment |
| JEL: | D22 J28 J41 L23 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1409&r=mig |