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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina (University of California, Merced); Wang, Chunbei (University of Oklahoma) |
| Abstract: | In 2012, the Obama Administration issued the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program by executive order. Since then, more than 800, 000 undocumented immigrants who arrived as children have benefited from renewable 2-year reprieves from deportation and work permits. In 2017, the Trump Administration announced it would end DACA - an announcement immediately followed by court challenges. We examine how the temporary nature of DACA's granted benefits and the uncertainty regarding the program's fate after 2017 might have shaped DACA-eligible migrants' decision to marry a U.S. citizen - presumably to secure permanent residence amid an increasingly unclear policy environment. Using a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the discontinuity in DACA eligibility criteria cutoffs to construct akin treatment and control groups, we show that DACA-eligible immigrants became more likely than similar DACA-ineligible undocumented migrants to marry U.S. citizens after the program came under siege. The findings are illustrative of the implications of policy changes that increase the uncertainty surrounding migrants' legal status, as in the case of intermarriage with potentially long-term consequences on migrant integration and the welfare of subsequent generations. |
| Keywords: | DACA, intermarriage, undocumented immigrants |
| JEL: | J12 J15 J18 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16548&r=mig |
| By: | Vrânceanu, Alina; Dinas, Elias; Heidland, Tobias; Ruhs, Martin |
| Abstract: | What preferences do people have for cross‐country cooperation on irregular migration and refugee protection? Existing research improves our understanding of how voters react to large‐scale inflows of asylum seekers, like those experienced by European countries in 2015–2016, and the type of asylum seekers and policies preferred by European citizens. We know less, however, about people's views concerning a particular European Union (EU) response to the so‐called ‘refugee crisis’, namely the cooperation with Turkey in March 2016 to stem inflows of asylum seekers and other migrants. To study such views, we build on several strands of the international relations literature exploring key determinants of public preferences for international cooperation on cross‐national issues, namely (a) sociotropic concerns, (b) humanitarian considerations, and (c) perceptions of fairness and reciprocity. Our research design leverages conjoint experiments conducted simultaneously in Germany, Greece and Turkey. We find that the three factors indeed play a role in explaining preferences in the three countries. Moreover, while respondents are favourable to several core features of the current EU–Turkey migration deal (regarding the return of irregular migrants, financial aid to refugees, and border controls), we also find evidence of public support for increased cooperation on resettlement and EU support to Greece to deal with migration, which goes beyond the status quo. In certain aspects of cooperation, public preferences seem to respond to interactions between policy dimensions that capture reciprocity. These findings have important implications for research on public preferences for asylum and migration policies and public support for international cooperation more generally. |
| Keywords: | public opinion, cross-country cooperation, migration, EU-Turkey agreement, conjoint analysis |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:279441&r=mig |
| By: | Alexandra Verlhiac; Marie Breuille; Julie Le Gallo; Sébastien Houde |
| Abstract: | In a world subject to a higher frequency of extreme climatic events, migration appears as one adaptation strategy for households, so that demand for housing will change. While a large literature analyzes cross-country migration mechanisms linked to climatic events in developing countries, or focuses on specific case-study events in both developed or developing countries, the literature remains scarce with respect to the impact of climate risks on household location decisions and internal migration. In this context, the goal of this paper is to determine the relationship between climate shocks and intra-country residential migration, for the case of France. We propose a response function that includes the nature of the climatic shocks combined with local geographical characteristics. Our empirical strategy exploits short-term extreme climatic events, such as floods or large fires, as information shocks that impact households’ beliefs. These shocks, combined with household-level panel data pertaining to housing search behavior, allows us to estimate how extreme climatic events (ECEs) shift household location decisions. In particular, we exploit a large database containing housing search for a specific household before and after a climate event on real estate online platforms in France. Specifically, we first use a database of listings consultations on SeLoger platform containing more than 16 Millions search observations. Second, we use a database of real estate estimations on the Meilleurs Agents platform containing more than 100 000 search observations. We combine these datasets with a dataset of climate-related extreme events and official risk maps. Both of these datasets are spatially disaggregated at the municipality level for the Metropolitan France. |
| Keywords: | Climate; Migration; Online Platform; real estate |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_253&r=mig |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This study investigates regional development and internal migration dynamics within the context of modern structural transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa. We develop a regionalized Computable General Equilibrium model that incorporates regionalized production, endogenous interregional migration, and distinct migrant households. Using this model, we simulate the structural transformation of Senegal as a case study. Our findings demonstrate that agricultural stagnation, exacerbated by global climate change, underlies the economic underperformance of rural regions and amplifies regional income disparities. Furthermore, our analysis shows that outmigration from stagnating rural provinces to a more developed capital region positively influences overall economic growth and mitigates regional income inequality. Nevertheless, these effects are limited, and a proactive approach to addressing income inequality across the nation's regions would require supporting agriculture, as it represents a more equitable policy than promoting nonagricultural sectors in both rural and capital regions. |
| Keywords: | structural transformation, CGE modeling, deagrarianization, internal migration, regional development |
| JEL: | D58 C68 Q54 O18 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:279540&r=mig |
| By: | Jinkai Li; Erga Luo; Bart Cockx (-) |
| Abstract: | In 2015, 15% of all children in China were left behind in the countryside because at least one of their parents migrated to a city. We implement an event study analysis between 2010 and 2018 on five waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to investigate the dynamic effects of parental migration on the health of left behind young children (LBC). While we find a gradual increase in medical expenditures, we do not detect any significant impact on the incidence of sickness. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the incidence of overweight declines gradually since their parents’ first migration and reports suggestive evidence for mental health improvement. We argue that these long-term positive effects on health and health consumption can be explained by the transitory nature of migration, the high-quality substitution of the caregiver role by grandparents, and by a reorientation in family expenditures, partly induced by government policy. |
| Keywords: | young left-behind children; parental migration; Hukou system; long-term impact on health; event study analysis; mechanisms analysis |
| JEL: | C83 C91 J22 J88 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rug:rugwps:23/1077&r=mig |
| By: | Raux, Morgan (University of Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the causal effect of recruitment competition on the labor demand for high-skilled foreign workers. I assemble a new data set, combining a firm-level panel of all Labor Condition Applications (LCAs) submitted as a first step to obtaining H-1B visas between 2010 and 2019 with online job vacancies and data on venture capital (VC) investments. I use plausibly quasi-exogeneous variation in VC investments in start-ups to instrument yearly changes in recruitment competition at the local labor market level. I find that a one standard deviation increase in the number of job postings advertised by start-ups yields an 8 percent increase in the number of LCAs submitted by employers in the market and a 3 percent increase in the wages advertised in these LCAs. Estimates are only significant for computer occupations. These results support the role of labor market tightness in explaining the absence of the crowding-out effect from H-1B workers against close native substitutes. |
| Keywords: | labor market tightness, skilled workers, H-1B |
| JEL: | F22 J23 J61 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16554&r=mig |
| By: | Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm |
| Abstract: | This article has investigated the effect of economic uncertainty on the remittances sent by migrants residing in developed countries to their home countries. The analysis builds on the economic uncertainty index developed by Ahir et al. (2018, 2019, 2022) that reflects the uncertainty related to economic and political events, regarding both near-term and long term concerns. It has revealed that economic uncertainty has deleterious effects on remittances outflows from developed countries, especially when it reaches high levels. This finding indicates that developing countries will suffer from reduced remittances inflows if the current fragmentation of the world were to become protracted, and result in higher barriers to the movement of capital and people. |
| Keywords: | Economic Uncertainty, Remittances Outflows, Developed Countries |
| JEL: | E30 F24 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:279480&r=mig |
| By: | Muhammad Ajmal Khan (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad) |
| Abstract: | Among socio-political issues that are closely linked with the formation of human capital of a country is the threat of child labour. Working of school-aged children leads to loss of educational and developmental milestones and leads to insufferable damage to children’s future. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) defines the term “Child Labour” as “a work that destitute children of their childhood, their potential and dignity, additionally that is harmful to mental and physical development of child. Actually, it refers to work that is; socially, morally, mentally and physically hazardous and detrimental to child development. And, interferes with child schooling by, depriving them to attend school and compel them to leave school permanently or combine school attendance and work (ILO, 2021a). |
| Keywords: | Afghan Refugees, Child Labor, Logistic Regression, Socioeconomic Factors |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:wpaper:2023:14&r=mig |