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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Hauer, Mathew |
| Abstract: | The warnings of potential climate migration first appeared in the scientific literature in the late 1970s when increased recognition that disintegrating ice sheets could drive people to migrate from coastal cities. Since that time, scientists have modelled potential climate migration without integrating other population processes, potentially obscuring the demographic amplification of this migration. Climate migration could amplify demographic change – enhancing migration to destinations and suppressing migration to origins. Additionally, older populations are the least likely to migrate and climate migration could accelerate population aging in origin areas. Here, we investigate climate migration under sea-level rise (SLR), a single climatic hazard, and examine both the potential demographic amplification effect and population aging by combining matrix population models, flood hazard models, and a migration model built on 40 years of environmental migration in the US to project the US population distribution of US counties. We find that the demographic amplification of SLR for all feasible RCP-SSP scenarios in 2100 ranges between 8.6M - 28M [5.7M - 53M] – 5.3 to 18 times the number of migrants (0.4M - 10M). We also project a significant aging of coastal areas as youthful populations migrate but older populations remain, accelerating population aging in origin areas. As the percentage of the population lost due to climate migration increases, the median age also increases – up to 10+ years older in some highly impacted coastal counties. Additionally, our population projection approach can be easily adapted to investigate additional or multiple climate hazards. |
| Date: | 2023–07–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:24tjr&r=mig |
| By: | Hatton, Timothy J. (University of Essex) |
| Abstract: | From 1860 to 1913 the six colonies that became states of Australia strove to attract migrants from the UK with a variety of assisted passages. The colonies/states shared a common culture and sought migrants from a common source, the UK, but set policy independently of each other. This experience provides a unique opportunity to examine the formation of assisted immigration policies. Using a panel of colonies/states over the years 1862 to 1913 I investigate the association between measures of policy activism and a range of economic and political variables. Assisted migration policies were positively linked with government budget surpluses and local economic prosperity. They were also associated with political participation including the widening of the franchise and remuneration of members of parliament. While the reduction in travel time to Australia reduced the need for assisted migration, slumps in the UK increased the take-up of assisted passages. |
| Keywords: | colonial Australia, assisted passages, international migration |
| JEL: | F22 N37 N47 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16298&r=mig |
| By: | Stöcker, Alexander; Baskaran, Thushyanthan; Hufschmidt, Patrick |
| Abstract: | In this paper we explore the role of regional connections with a national leader as a pull factor of internal migration in Benin by exploiting granular census data over the period 1991-2013. The empirical analysis is based on a gravity model of migration and utilizes a PPML estimator. Controlling for a diverse set of fixed effects, we show that being connected to a national leader goes along with statistically significant levels of migration into the respective districts. We also provide more detailed evidence that links these migration movements to the presence of political favoritism through its ability to improve economic opportunities and the access to public goods at the local level. The evidence in this paper blends in well with the related literature on political favoritism extending it by a previously unexplored dimension. |
| Keywords: | Favoritism, internal migration, spatiality, luminosity, Africa |
| JEL: | D73 R11 R23 O55 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:1031&r=mig |
| By: | Lin, Siyuan (Lehigh University); Argys, Laura M. (University of Colorado Denver); Averett, Susan L. (Lafayette College) |
| Abstract: | We examine whether women exposed to China's one-child policy (OCP) change their fertility decisions when they migrate to a country without fertility restrictions. Using American Community Survey data (2010–2020), we compare the childbearing decisions of Chinese-born women with varying degrees of exposure before migrating to the US to each other and a control group of other Asian immigrants. We find that Chinese women aged 35-45 exposed to the OCP for a longer duration have significantly fewer children than women who were not exposed to the OCP. These findings are robust to several specification checks. |
| Keywords: | fertility, one-child policy, immigrants, China |
| JEL: | F22 I15 J13 N35 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16329&r=mig |
| By: | Legarde, Lean Monique |
| Abstract: | This research paper presents a comprehensive case study on human smuggling activities along the Philippines-Malaysia border, with a particular focus on the role of Maritime Police Patrol (MPP) in combating this transnational criminal enterprise. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of MPP strategies, examine the underlying factors contributing to the prevalence of human smuggling, and provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing border security. Drawing upon primary data collected through structured interviews, observations, and analysis of official records, the study highlights the alarming rise in human smuggling incidents in recent years. Findings indicate that sophisticated smuggling networks exploit porous border areas, taking advantage of socioeconomic vulnerabilities and inadequate surveillance systems. The MPP's active patrolling efforts, backed by advanced technological resources, have yielded tangible outcomes, such as a significant increase in apprehensions and disruptions of smuggling operations. Through a careful examination of successful interventions and identified gaps, this research offers actionable recommendations for policy-makers and law enforcement agencies to strengthen border control mechanisms. Key areas of focus include enhancing interagency coordination, promoting intelligence-sharing networks, bolstering MPP capacity through training and equipment, and engaging local communities to serve as active stakeholders in deterring human smuggling. |
| Date: | 2023–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:46pzb&r=mig |