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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Tho Pham (University of York); Oleksandr Talavera (University of Birmingham); Zhuangchen Wu (University of Birmingham) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the short- and medium-term impacts of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war on the labor market for Ukrainian workers. Using a unique dataset of 5.4 million online job ads for Ukrainian job seekers in Poland and Ukraine over the 2021-2022 period, we show a short-term surge in demand for Ukrainians to work in Poland while the number of jobs in Ukraine is relatively stable. Since February 2022, the demand for soft and analytical skills in Ukraine has increased, while the demand for such skills in Poland has remained the same. Moreover, there is variation in labor demand depending on skills level and occupational gender segregation. Further analysis suggests a persistent shift (to the left) in wage distribution driven by both the decline of wages within job titles and the change in job composition. |
| Keywords: | labor demand, forced migration, stayers, wage, Ukraine-Russia war, online vacancies |
| JEL: | J20 J30 J61 N30 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bir:birmec:23-03&r=mig |
| By: | Bisset, Jordan; Czarnitzki, Dirk; Doherr, Thorsten |
| Abstract: | Previous work suggests a general uncertainty surrounding the migration process acts as a barrier to outmigration. In this paper, we argue that this barrier is exacerbated when relative economic policy uncertainty is higher in the target country and mitigated when relatively higher in the origin country. We use a novel inventor career panel to observe inventor migration from 12 European countries between 1997 and 2012 and test the premise that a higher relative uncertainty in the origin country raises the probability of inventor outmigration. Our results suggest a 1 standard deviation increase in the relative uncertainty of the home country is associated with a near 20% increase in the probability of inventor outmigration. The relationship is highly non-linear, with relative uncertainty values in the top centile leading to an increase of over 70%. The observed effects can be amplified or dampened by inventor specific characteristics, as would be expected given the prior art. |
| Keywords: | Outmigration, Uncertainty, Human Capital, Inventors |
| JEL: | J61 O15 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:23004&r=mig |
| By: | Seung Hoon Lee (Yonsei University); Hyoung Chul Kim (Yonsei University); Ji Sub Park (Bank of Korea) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the migration attractiveness of Korean cities by adopting the methodology proposed by Lee et al. (2021) for internal migration setup. Using bilateral migration data across cities, we measure the overall attractiveness of all Korean cities at the ‘sigun-gu’ level. Our approach has two advantages over traditional methods of measuring a city’s attractiveness. First, it is cost-effective as it uses existing administrative data, unlike subjective surveys that require significant resources. Second, our approach provides a more better assessment of a city’s viability than its population growth rate by considering the costs associated with moving between cities and the origin and destination of each migration. Our results confirm the ongoing regional imbalance, commonly known as “Seoul centralization, ” and indicate that the migration attractiveness of rural areas such as Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do is even worse than what is revealed by population growth rates. |
| Keywords: | internal migration, welfare estimates, regional imbalance, Korea |
| JEL: | R23 J61 D63 I31 F22 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:yon:wpaper:2023rwp-213&r=mig |
| By: | Bryanna Duca; Anita Alves Pena |
| Abstract: | We explore how determinants of internal migration differ between Black non-Hispanics, White non-Hispanics, and Hispanics using micro-level, restricted-use American Community Survey (ACS) data matched to data on attributes of sub-geographies down to the county level. This paper extends the discussion of internal migration in the U.S. by not only observing relationships between economic and noneconomic factors and household-level propensities to migrate, but also how these relationships differ across race and ethnicity within smaller geographies than have been explored in previous literature. We show that when controlling for household and location characteristics, minorities have a lower propensity to migrate than White households and document nuances in the responsiveness of internal migration to individual and locational attributes by racial and ethnic population subgroups. |
| Keywords: | migration, race and ethnicity, restricted ACS data |
| JEL: | J15 R23 C5 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:23-12&r=mig |
| By: | Congressional Budget Office |
| Abstract: | About 45 million people living in the United States in 2021 were born in other countries. Foreign-born people accounted for about half of the growth of the U.S. labor force between 2002 and 2018. In 2019, 2020, and 2021, the size of the foreign-born labor force dropped considerably because of changes in immigration policy and the pandemic. |
| JEL: | F22 F66 J11 J15 J61 |
| Date: | 2023–04–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbo:report:58939&r=mig |