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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Sur, Pramod Kumar |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the short and long-term impact of international migration on overall human capital formation as well as the quality of human capital formation of the left behind households in the community of origin. Exploiting a unique migration policy, we find that the time passed since the migration event took place could affect the human capital formation of the left behind households differently. Furthermore, we find that international migration could also impact overall human capital as well as the quality of human capital formation differently.In particular, we do not find any impact of short and long-term international migration on the overall human capital formation of the left-behind household members. However, we find that households with long-term migrants are more likely to switch from a lower quality of education and substituting it with a higher quality of education of the left behind household members. |
| Keywords: | International Migration, Human Capital Formation, Education, F22, J24, I21 |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agi:wpaper:00000166&r=all |
| By: | Michael Lokshin; Martin Ravallion |
| Abstract: | It will be politically difficult to liberalize international migration without protecting host-country workers. The paper explores the scope for efficiently managing migration using a competitive market for work permits. Host-county workers would have the option of renting out their citizenship work permit for a period of their choice, while foreigners purchase time-bound work permits. Aggregate labor supply need not rise in the host country. However, total output would rise and workers would see enhanced social protection. Simulations for the US and Mexico suggest that the new market would attract many skilled migrants, boosting GDP and reducing poverty in the US. |
| JEL: | F22 J61 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26590&r=all |
| By: | Gerxhani, Klarita; Kosyakova, Yuliya (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]) |
| Abstract: | "Empirically identifying the causal effect of social networks on migrants' economic prospects is a challenging task due to the non-random residential sorting of migrants into locations with greater opportunities for (previous) connections. Our study addresses this selection-bias issue by using a unique natural-experimental dataset of refugees and other migrants that were exogenously allocated to their first place of residence by German authorities. The empirical results reveal a positive causal effect of social networks on migrants' transition rate to the first job, but only if the networks are mobilized for the job search." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| JEL: | F22 L14 J61 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:202003&r=all |
| By: | Lanari, Donatella; Pieroni, Luca; Salmasi, Luca |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examined whether the regularization law approved in Italy in 2002 led to changes in the fertility of immigrant women. We used the Birth Sample Survey, published by the Italian Institute of Statistics, to show that the Italian regularization increased the probability of having the first child by approximately 6 percentage points, whereas point estimates of the probability of having additional children beyond the first were negative, but not significant. By exploring alternative specifications, focusing on individuals eligible to receive the status of regular immigrant through employment, we find evidence of a stronger effect with respect to our baseline results. Robustness analyses confirmed our main findings. |
| Keywords: | fertility, immigrant regularization, propensity score matching, difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | J13 J15 J18 |
| Date: | 2020–01–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:98241&r=all |
| By: | Kirkegaard, Emil O. W.; Carl, Noah; Bjerrekær, Julius Daugbjerg |
| Abstract: | Stereotypes about 32 country-of-origin groups were measured using an approximately representative survey of the Danish population (n = 476 after quality control). Participants were asked to estimate each group’s net fiscal contribution in Denmark. These estimates were then compared to the actual net fiscal contributions for the 32 groups, taken from a recent study by the Danish Ministry of Finance. Syria was an outlier, and was excluded from our analyses (although doing so made little difference to the results). Stereotypes were found to be highly accurate, both at the aggregate level (r = .85) and at the individual level (median r = .65). Interestingly, participants over- rather than under-estimated the net fiscal contributions of groups from countries with a higher percentage of Muslims. Indeed, this was true at both the aggregate and individual levels (r = -.30 and median r = -.55, respectively). Participants were also asked to say how many immigrants from each group should be admitted to Denmark. There was an extremely strong correlation between participants’ aggregate immigration policy preferences and their estimates of the 32 groups’ fiscal contributions (r = .98), suggesting that their preferences partly reflect accurate stereotypes. |
| Date: | 2017–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:yjued&r=all |
| By: | Semih Tumen (TED University) |
| Abstract: | Existing evidence suggests that low-skilled refugee influx increases high school enrollment among native youth due to increased competition for jobs with low skill requirements. In this paper, I ask whether the refugee influx has also increased the intensity of human capital accumulation for those who are enrolled in school. Using the PISA database and implementing an empirical strategy designed to exploit the time variation in regional refugee intensity within a quasi-experimental setting, I show that the Math, Science, and Reading scores of Turkish native adolescents have notably increased following the Syrian refugee influx—conditional on parental education, which is used as a proxy for unobserved ability. The increase in PISA scores is more pronounced for males than females. Most importantly, the increase in test scores mostly comes from the lower half of the test score distribution. This suggests that the refugee influx has reduced the test score inequality among natives. I conclude that the labor market forces that emerged in the aftermath of the refugee crisis have led native adolescents, who would normally perform worse in school, to take their high school education more seriously. |
| Date: | 2019–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1356&r=all |