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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Krieger, Tim; Renner, Laura; Schmid, Lena |
| Abstract: | Environmentally induced conflicts can trigger migration. This paper analyzes the location decisions of migrants, i.e., the "sorting" of migrants into alternative destinations. We argue that this sorting depends on a variety of factors. The selection of migrants affects preferences over where to settle and depends on the underlying type of environmentally induced conflict. In addition to (transport-related) migration costs, migration governance shapes the sorting pattern of migrants. Immigration policies in destination countries impose further costs to migration or even prevent settlement. At the same time, national immigration policies depend on the "supply" of migrants that are expected to arrive, as well as on other countries' policies regarding immigration. In addition, coordination failure of destination countries may feed back to the sorting decisions of migrants. The chapter discusses sorting not only from a theoretically but also empirical perspective, thereby highlighting both existing studies on sorting and the empirical challenges to analyzing sorting behavior in the context of migration that is induced by environmental conflict. |
| Keywords: | environmental and climate change,conflict,migration,emigration,selection,sorting,migration governance,theory,empirics |
| JEL: | D74 F22 J61 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wgspdp:201903&r=all |
| By: | Jeworrek, Sabrina; Leisen, Bernd Josef; Mertins, Vanessa |
| Abstract: | Refugee integration needs broad support from society, but only a minority is actively engaged. Given that most individuals reciprocate kind behaviour, we examine the idea that the proportion of supporters is increasing as a reciprocal response to refugees' contributions to society through volunteering. Our nationwide survey experiment shows that the intentions to contribute time and money rise significantly when citizens learn about refugees' pro-social activities. Importantly, this result holds for individuals who have not been in contact to refugees so far. We complement this investigation by experiments in the lab and the field - which confirm our findings for actual behaviour. |
| Keywords: | gift-exchange,reciprocity,refugees,integration,field experiment,laboratory experiment |
| JEL: | C93 D63 D91 J15 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:172019&r=all |
| By: | Martin Guzi (Masaryk University); Peter Huber (Austrian Institute for Economic Research); Stepan Mikula (Masaryk University) |
| Abstract: | We analyze the long-term impact of the resettlement of the Sudetenland after World War~II on residential migration. This event involved expulsion of ethnic Germans and almost complete depopulation of an area of a country and its rapid resettlement by 2 million Czech inhabitants. Results based on nearest neighbor matching and regression discontinuity design show a higher population churn in resettled areas that continues today. The populations in resettled areas and in the remainder of the country share similar values and do not differ statistically in terms of their propensity to give donations, attend social events, and participate in voluntary work. However, we observe that resettled settlements have fewer local club memberships, lower turnout in municipal elections, and less frequently organized social events. This finding indicates substantially lower local social capital in the resettled settlements that is likely to have caused higher residential migration. This explanation is consistent with theoretical models of the impact of social capital on migration decisions. |
| Keywords: | Migration, Social Capital, Sudetenland |
| JEL: | N44 Z10 R23 J15 |
| Date: | 2019–07–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mub:wpaper:2019-07&r=all |
| By: | Luca Corazzini (Department of Economics, University Of Venice Cà Foscari); Elena Meschi (Department of Economics, Management and Statistics DEMS, University of Milano-Bicocca); Caterina Pavese (Department of Economics, University Of Venice Cà Foscari) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of attending early childcare on second generation immigrant children’s cognitive outcomes. Our analysis draws on administrative data on the entire population of students in fifth grade collected by the Italian Institute for the Evaluation of the Educational System (INVALSI) for school years 2014/2015 to 2016/2017 matched to unique administrative records on the early childcare public available slots at the municipal level. Our identification strategy exploits cross-sectional and time series variation in the provision of early childcare service across Italian municipalities as an instrument for individual early childcare attendance. Our results point out that the effect of early childcare attendance differs between native and immigrant children. Although we find no effects for Italian children, our estimates show a positive and significant effect on literacy test scores for immigrant children of low educated parents, which suggests that early childcare may be particularly relevant for immigrant children from a disadvantaged background. |
| Keywords: | Childcare, Cognitive skills, Immigrant children, IV |
| JEL: | J13 J15 H75 I20 I28 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ven:wpaper:2019:24&r=all |
| By: | Ulceluse, Magdalena |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the long-term effect of migration on economic inequality between the 28 EU member states, covering the period 1995-2017. The cross-national, longitudinal analysis demonstrates that migration has had a positive and significant effect on development and economic growth in 28 member states. However, the findings also indicate that some countries have benefitted from migration more than others. Specifically, for countries experiencing positive net migration the effect is disproportionately larger than for countries experiencing negative net migration. This seems to indicate that, while migration has indeed contributed to economic development in all member states over the period analysed, it has not necessarily contributed to decreasing economic inequalities between them. |
| Keywords: | immigration,emigration,inequality,migration and development,EU |
| JEL: | F22 O15 O47 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:383&r=all |
| By: | Joao Guerreiro; Sergio Rebelo; Pedro Teles |
| Abstract: | We study the immigration policy that maximizes the welfare of the native population in an economy where the government designs an optimal redistributive welfare system and supplies public goods. We show that when immigrants can be excluded from the welfare system, free immigration is optimal. It is also optimal to use the tax system to encourage the immigration of high-skill workers and discourage that of low-skill workers. When immigrants and natives must be treated alike, it is optimal to ban low-skill immigration and have free immigration for high-skill workers. However, high-skill workers may choose not to immigrate when there are heavy taxes levied on all high-skill workers, natives and immigrants alike. We use a calibrated version of the model to study how the optimal immigration policy responds to changes in the skill premia in the U.S. and abroad. |
| JEL: | F22 H21 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26154&r=all |
| By: | Santiago Pérez |
| Abstract: | I study the selection and economic outcomes of Italians in Argentina and the US, the two largest destinations during the age of mass migration. Prior cross-sectional work finds that Italians had faster assimilation in Argentina, but it is inconclusive on whether this was due to differences in selection or host-country conditions. I assemble data following Italians from passenger lists to censuses, enabling me to compare migrants with similar pre-migration characteristics. Italians had better economic outcomes in Argentina, and this advantage was unlikely to be due to selection. Migration path dependence can rationalize these differences in an era of open borders. |
| JEL: | J15 J61 N30 N31 N36 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26127&r=all |
| By: | Paras Kharel (South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics and Environment) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents cases where numbers and facts used in the discourse on international outmigration and remittances in Nepal mislead, identifies data gaps, and highlights avenues through which the nation’s foreign affairs apparatus can contribute to maximizing the net benefits of international outmigration and remittances. |
| Keywords: | International migration, remittances, data gaps, employment, foreign policy, savings |
| JEL: | F22 F24 F50 O15 D14 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:saw:wpaper:wp/19/01&r=all |