|
on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Eric Rougier; Nicolas Yol |
| Abstract: | Remittances can transmit volatility from migrants’ host countries to migrant’s home country for some common patterns of a country diaspora’s geographical distribution. In a migration portfolio model, the overall risk of volatility of any set of diaspora location is decomposed into a contagion and a concentration risks: a diaspora located in more volatile destinations induces a higher contagion risk, while a diaspora located in few destination countries increases the concentration risk. A series of estimations on a panel of 93 countries over 1995-2015 provide evidence for these two risks and their cumulative effects. Estimation of a structural model confirms that the geography of diaspora has an indirect impact on the origin country’s aggregate instability through remittances. |
| Keywords: | Migration, remittances, macroeconomic volatility |
| JEL: | F24 F3 F4 J61 O11 O15 O47 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2018-09&r=mig |
| By: | Warman, Casey; Webb, Matthew D.; Worswick, Christopher |
| Abstract: | Immigrants in many Western countries have experienced poor economic outcomes. This has led to a lack of integration of child immigrants (the 1.5 generation) and the second generation in some countries. However, in Canada, child immigrants and the second generation have on average integrated very well economically. We examine the importance of Canada's admission classes to determine if there is an earnings benefit of the selection under the Economic Classes to: 1) the Adult Arrival immigrants and 2) the Child Arrival immigrants (1.5 generation) once old enough to enter the labour market. We employ unique administrative data on landing records matched with subsequent income tax records that also allows for the linking of the records of Adult Arrival parents and their Child Arrival children. We find, relative to the Family Class, the Adult Arrivals in the Skilled Worker category have earnings that are 29% higher for men and 38% higher for women. These differences persist even after controlling for detailed personal characteristics such as education and language fluency at 21% for men and 27% for women. Child Arrival immigrants landing in the Skilled Worker Class have earnings advantages (as adults) over their Family Class counterparts of 17% for men and 21% for women. These Child Arrival Skilled Worker advantages remain at 9% for men and 14% for women after controlling for child characteristics, the Principal Applicant parent's characteristics and the parent's subsequent income in Canada. |
| Keywords: | Canada,Immigration,Earnings,1.5 generation,Second generation,Child immigrants,Integration,Points System,Skilled Workers,Economic Class |
| JEL: | J15 J13 J31 J61 J62 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:196&r=mig |
| By: | Lee, Neil; Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés; von Berlepsch, Viola |
| Abstract: | Does the economic effect of immigrant women differ from that of immigrants in general? This paper examines if gender has influenced the short- and long-term economic impact of mass migration to the US, using Census microdata from 1880 and 1910. By means of ordinary least squares and instrumental variable estimations, the analysis shows that a greater concentration of immigrant women is significantly associated with lower levels of economic development in US counties. However, immigrant women also shaped economic development positively, albeit indirectly, via their children. Communities with more children born to foreign mothers and that successfully managed to integrate female immigrants experienced greater economic growth than those dominated by children of foreign-born fathers or American-born parents. |
| Keywords: | Counties; Development; Economic Growth; Gender; migration; US. |
| JEL: | F22 J16 J61 O15 R23 |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12878&r=mig |
| By: | Géraldine Bocqueho (Université de Lorraine (UL)); Marc Deschamps (Université de Bourgogne); Jenny Helstroffer (Université de Lorraine (UL)); Julien Jacob (Université de Lorraine (UL)); Majlinda Joxhe (Université du Luxembourg (Uni.lu)) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses the experimental setup of Tanaka et al. (2010) to measure refugees’ risk preferences. A sample of 206 asylum seekers was interviewed in 2017-18 in Luxembourg. Contrary to studies which focus on risk aversion in general, we analyze its components using a cumulative prospect theory (CPT) frame-work. We show that refugees exhibit particularly low levels of risk aversion compared to other populations and that CPT provides a better fit for modelling risk attitudes. Moreover, we include randomised temporary treatments provoking emotions and find a small significant impact on probability distortion. Robustness of the Tanaka et al. (2010) experimental framework is confirmed by including treatments regarding the embedding effect. Finally, we propose a theoretical model of refugee migration that integrates the insights from our experimental outcomes regarding the functional form of refugees’ decision under risk and the estimated parameter values. The model is then simulated using the data from our study |
| Keywords: | Refugee migration; Risk preferences; Experimental economics; Cumulative prospect theory; Psychological priming |
| JEL: | C93 D74 D81 D91 F22 |
| Date: | 2018–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6mekga2ph18vda5qbuop2ckgkn&r=mig |
| By: | Alessandro Sola |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effect of the refugee crisis, and the related government’s asylum policy, on concerns about immigration of the German population. Exploiting exogenous variation in survey interview timing of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), I employ a difference-in-differences strategy to estimate the short-term causal effect of the refugee crisis on concerns about immigration. The estimated effect is substantial, representing an increase in concerns of around 22%, compared to the pre-refugee crisis baseline level. Interestingly, I find that this increase was twice as large for East Germans, compared to West Germans. In a second section, I show concerns about immigration are positively correlated with political support for the relatively new, right-wing populist party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). However, using the variability in concerns generated by the refugee crisis, I find no evidence of a causal effect of concerns on political preferences in the short term. |
| Keywords: | Concerns about immigration, refugee crisis, Germany, AfD, populism, political preferences |
| JEL: | F22 J61 D72 H12 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp966&r=mig |
| By: | MORIKAWA Masayuki |
| Abstract: | Although there have been a number of studies that have applied the gravity model to migration and tourist flows, analyses covering both international and intranational movements have been scarce. This study, using unique official statistics for accommodation facilities in Japan, empirically analyzes the determinants of both international and intranational tourist flows. According to gravity model estimations, physical distance has a large, negative effect on tourist flows, but the quantitative magnitude of these effects differs little between foreign and domestic (interregional) tourists. The border effect on tourist flows is quantitatively large, and the number of tourists from foreign countries is more than 60% smaller than that from domestic ones. These results suggest that policies mitigating border barriers may contribute to a higher number of foreign tourists. |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:18021&r=mig |
| By: | William W. Olney (Williams College); Dario Pozzoli (Copenhagen Business School and the Tuborg Centre for Globalization and Firms) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the relationship between immigration and offshoring by examining whether an influx of foreign workers reduces the need for firms to relocate jobs abroad. We exploit a Danish quasi-natural experiment in which immigrants were randomly allocated to municipalities using a refugee dispersal policy and we use the Danish employer-employee matched data set covering the universe of workers and firms over the period 1995-2011. Our findings show that an exogenous influx of immigrants into a municipality reduces firm-level offshoring at both the extensive and intensive margins. The fact that immigration and offshoring are substitutes has important policy implications, since restrictions on one may encourage the other. While the multilateral relationship is negative, a subsequent bilateral analysis shows that immigrants have connections in their country of origin that increase the likelihood that firms offshore to that particular foreign country. |
| Keywords: | Immigration, Offshoring |
| JEL: | F22 F16 J61 F23 |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wil:wileco:2018-02&r=mig |
| By: | Benesch, Christine; Loretz, Simon; Stadelmann, David; Thomas, Tobias |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically explores the link between mass media coverage of migration and immigration worries. Using detailed data on media coverage in Germany, we show that the amount of media reports regarding migration issues is positively associated with concerns about immigration among the German population. The association is robust to the inclusion of time-variant individual control variables and individual fixed-effects. We employ media spillovers from the neighboring country of Switzerland, which occur due to referendum decisions on immigration as an instrumental variable to address endogeneity concerns. The IV estimates suggest that media coverage has a causal impact on immigration worries. Exploring heterogeneous effects between respondents, the results reveal that the link between media reports and immigration worries is particularly relevant for women and respondents active in the workforce. |
| Keywords: | media,migration,news spillovers,political attitudes |
| JEL: | L8 D7 F2 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:288&r=mig |
| By: | Mussida, Chiara; Parisi, Maria Laura |
| Abstract: | The relationship between regional income inequality in Italy and the phenomenon of migration is still under current debate. Policymakers and researchers worry about the process of assimilation of the new entrants, in a country where regional disparities are strong. We provide evidence that regional income disparities apply to ethnic groups of migrants, too, like the group of nationals, but the largest source of inequality is still within region and within group. We address this issue by using the 2009 wave of EUSILC data and the ISTAT CVS data in 2009, the latter offering specific information on households with foreigners/migrants by main ethnic groups. We calculate several indexes of income inequality because of their specific sensitivity to different portions of the Italian income distribution. We also estimate the main determinants of such inequality. Our results suggest that, above all, women with very young children and individuals with secondary education belong to categories with significantly increased income inequality, whereas those highly educated and leaving in the Centre-North of Italy belong to categories with reduced inequality. Regional unemployment is associated to lower inequality, especially among those low-income earners, while higher relative mean regional income pushes inequality upwards |
| Keywords: | regional income inequality, household income inequality, migration, ethnic groups, Italy |
| JEL: | D31 F22 O15 R23 |
| Date: | 2017–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:85788&r=mig |