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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Joyce, Patrick (The Ratio Institute) |
| Abstract: | The refugee influx in 2015 marked the largest mass movement in Europe since WWII. More than half of the arrivals applied for asylum on the northernmost edge of the continent: Germany was the top destination by far but Sweden received more asylum seekers relative to its population. The Netherlands, Norway, and Denmark also took in significant numbers. The developments in 2015 caused several of these countries to reconsider their policies on migration and integration of refugees. This paper compares the policies in these five countries after 2015 focusing on what Sweden can learn from the others. |
| Keywords: | Labour market; Integration; Education and Social welfare. |
| JEL: | I24 I38 J15 J61 |
| Date: | 2018–04–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0308&r=mig |
| By: | Joyce, Patrick (The Ratio Institute) |
| Abstract: | In 2015 and 2016 almost 2.7 million asylum seekers travelled to Europe in search of protection. More than half of them, 1.4 million people, sought refuge in Germany or Sweden. Germany received the most people by far but Sweden took in more as a share of its population. The big influx of refugees induced major changes in migration and integration in both countries. This paper compares the policies on labour market integration in both countries focusing on what Sweden can learn from Germany to improve integration. |
| Keywords: | Labour market; Integration; Education and Social welfare. |
| JEL: | I24 I38 J15 J61 |
| Date: | 2018–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0307&r=mig |
| By: | Valentina Bosetti; Cristina Cattaneo; Giovanni Peri |
| Abstract: | There is extensive evidence that higher temperature increases the probability of local conflict. There is also some evidence that emigration represents an important margin of adaptation to climatic change. In this paper we analyse whether migration influences the link between warming and conflicts by either attenuating the effects in countries of origin and/or by spreading them to countries of destination. We find that in countries where emigration propensity, as measured by past diaspora, was higher, increases in temperature had a smaller effects on conflict probability, consistent with emigration functioning as "escape valve" for local tensions. We find no evidence that climate-induced migration increased the probability of conflict in receiving countries. |
| JEL: | F22 H56 Q34 Q54 |
| Date: | 2018–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:24447&r=mig |
| By: | Lattof, Samantha R. |
| Abstract: | Background: Policymakers and program implementers require high-quality data on migrants and migration in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); however, a shortage of high-quality data exists in these settings. Sampling migrant populations requires better techniques. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) may be one such solution. Objective: Using Ghana as a case study, the objectives of this paper are to: 1) assess RDS recruitment productivity, network size, and ties of internal migrants; 2) test for homophily; and 3) detail the successes of and challenges to implementing RDS in Ghana and how these lessons can be applied to migrant populations in other LMIC settings. Methods: This study used RDS to sample 625 rural–urban female migrants working as market porters (kayayei) in Accra, Ghana. Results: This study generated the most comprehensive data set on kayayei to date. Network size increases as participants become more educated and migrate more often to Accra. Ethnic group membership is an important determinant of recruitment, with certain groups preferring to recruit from within. Employing members of the kayayei population to collect data built crucial trust. Conclusions: Whilst RDS is not a one-size-fits-all solution for sampling hard-to-reach migrants in LMIC, it can be a powerful tool to uncover and to recruit hard-to-reach migrant populations. In countries with multiple ethnolinguistic groups, recruiting a migrant population with greater ethnolinguistic overlap may facilitate quicker equilibrium. Contribution: This study expands the evidence base on use of RDS among migrant populations in LMIC and provides lessons learned to assist other researchers implementing RDS in LMIC settings. |
| JEL: | C1 |
| Date: | 2018–03–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:87451&r=mig |
| By: | Tabuga, Aubrey, D. |
| Abstract: | For many migrant workers, labor migration is not just a one-time, temporary means of livelihood, it has become the way of life. Among the 1.4 million land-based migrants in 2015, two-thirds comprise of re-hires. The number of new hires has been increasing as well. In fact, the trend of migrant deployment shows a continuous upward trend except during periods of crises and tight government control. From a public policy standpoint, this requires constant vigilance and informed decisionmaking with regard to designing policies and programs that look after the welfare of migrant workers. Some argue that while the government administers the deployment and implement strategies to promote the welfare of migrant workers, it also needs to design a more comprehensive long-term thrust for labor migration. The non-negligible number of cases of abuse, maltreatment, and crimes committed against Filipino migrant workers calls for a more defined policy that is less dependent on labor migration and more toward developing local job opportunities. This paper provides a deeper understanding of the migration motivations and intentions of Filipinos. Get a closer look at the migration intentions of individuals from a high-emigration rural village in the Philippines and some policy recommendations to address migration issues in this paper. |
| Keywords: | labor migration, Philippines, migration intentions, migration networks, migration-related survey data |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2018-02&r=mig |
| By: | Berggren, Niclas (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)); Bergh, Andreas (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)); Bjørnskov, Christian (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)); Tanaka, Shiori (Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering) |
| Abstract: | This paper asks to what extent life satisfaction among immigrants remains similar to that in their country of origin and to what extent it adapts to that in their country of residence. We employ data from 29,000 immigrants in the European Social Survey to estimate the relative importance of these influences. We find evidence that the persistence of life satisfaction from the country of origin is strong for migrants from developed countries and close to zero for migrants from formerly communist countries. We also find that persistence for second-generation immigrants is similar but weaker than for their parents. |
| Keywords: | Life satisfaction; Happiness; Life satisfaction; Heritability; Culture; Immigration |
| JEL: | I31 Z10 |
| Date: | 2018–04–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1206&r=mig |
| By: | Tabuga, Aubrey, D. |
| Abstract: | While economic forces drive much of international migration, social factors are known to significantly facilitate movement. By providing information and other resources, networks reduce the cost and risk associated with international migration. The influence of migration networks, however, remains a black box that needs to be unpacked simply because these have been treated in the past mostly as unidimensional. In reality, however, networks do not only vary in type but also have structures. This study seeks to examine the structure of migration networks in a migrant-sending village in the Philippines. It also aims to relate this structure to the diffusion of migration behavior in the village over time through a socio-historical lens--an unconventional approach in the analysis of international migration perpetuation. Results show that the density of the kinship and friendship ties and the network position of pioneer migrants in the village affect the current distribution of migration behavior in the area. Know more about the factors affecting international migration structures in the Philippines through this paper. |
| Keywords: | Philippines, migration networks, international migration, network structure, network analysis, graph theory |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2018-03&r=mig |
| By: | Colas, Mark (Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis) |
| Abstract: | I analyze the dynamic effects of immigration by estimating an equilibrium model of local labor markets in the US. The model includes firms in multiple cities and sectors which combine capital, skilled and unskilled labor in production, and forward-looking workers who choose their sector and location each period as a dynamic discrete choice. A counterfactual unskilled immigration inflow leads to an initial wage drop for unskilled workers and a wage increase for skilled workers. These effects dissipate rapidly as unskilled workers migrate away from heavily affected cities and workers shift toward unskilled intensive industries. Effects on lifetime utility are small. |
| Keywords: | Immigration; Labor market dynamics; Local labor markets |
| JEL: | J2 J31 J62 |
| Date: | 2018–01–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedmoi:0006&r=mig |