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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Ahmed, S. Amer; Go,Delfin Sia; Willenbockel,Dirk Andreas |
| Abstract: | This paper re-examines the development implications of international migration focusing on two issues: how the costs and benefits of migration change over time, and the significance of South-South migration for development. First, the analysis finds that although greater migration could push down the wages of native workers of advanced countries in the short run, these wages eventually recover. This pattern would be mostly caused by the beneficial effect of additional labor on the real returns on capital and fostering faster capital formation. Additional South-North migration could favor capital income recipients and reduces labor income in host regions in the short run. In contrast, in sending countries, capital owners could experience lower incomes while wages rise. Globally, the welfare gains of new migrants could be expected to exceed the losses of old migrants by a wide margin. The remaining natives in sending countries could enjoy a net increase in remittances as well as an increase in labor income, although income from capital might decline. Second, in a hypothetical scenario with lower South-South migration, the implied losses of remittance income could lead to substantially lower welfare in developing countries. Although the wage differentials among developing countries tend to be smaller relative to their wage differentials with high-income countries, South-South migrants make substantial contributions to remittances. |
| Keywords: | Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Labor Policies,Remittances,Population Policies |
| Date: | 2016–04–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7628&r=mig |
| By: | Matti Sarvimäki; Laura Ansala; Ulla Hämäläinen |
| Abstract: | We document large differences in educational attainment, criminal sentences and use of psychotropic medication between the children of immigrants and natives living in Finland. Among the offspring of immigrants from the OECD countries and the former Soviet Union, the disadvantage in education reverses and differences in criminal sentences disappear once we condition on parental income and location of residence. In contrast, large gaps remain for the children of immigrants from other regions, even conditional on background characteristics. Furthermore, the children of immigrants from all source areas are substantially less likely to use psychotropic medication than the offspring of natives despite their higher self-reported mental health problems. These results suggest that institutions designed to help disadvantaged natives do not fully reach the children of immigrants. |
| Keywords: | children of immigrants, second-generation immigrants, education, crime, health |
| JEL: | J15 I14 I21 |
| Date: | 2016–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fer:wpaper:72&r=mig |
| By: | Mathews, Don (Reg Murphy Center for Economic and Policy Studies) |
| Abstract: | The Reg Murphy Center usually confines its research to economic conditions and events on the Southeast Georgia Coast. But in recent months, local residents have persistently peppered us with questions about immigration. Two in particular: Does immigration depress the wages of native-born workers? Does immigration reduce the employment of native-born workers? This report presents and summarizes the extensive research economists have conducted on immigration. |
| Keywords: | Economics of immigration; native-born wages |
| JEL: | J15 J21 J31 |
| Date: | 2016–04–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:rgcrwp:2016_002&r=mig |
| By: | Holzmann, Robert (University of New South Wales) |
| Abstract: | This policy paper summarizes four corridor studies on bilateral social security agreements (BSSAs) between four EU Member and two non-Member States, draws conclusions on their results, and offers recommendations. BSSAs between migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries are seen as the most important instrument to establish portability of social security benefits for internationally mobile workers. Yet only about 23 percent of international migrants profit from BSSAs and their functioning has been little analyzed and even less assessed. The four corridors studied (Austria-Turkey, Germany-Turkey, Belgium-Morocco, and France-Morocco) were selected to allow for comparison of both similarities and differences in experiences. The evaluation of these corridors' BSSAs was undertaken against a methodological framework and three selected criteria: fairness for individuals, fiscal fairness for countries, and bureaucratic effectiveness for countries and migrant workers. The results suggest that the investigated BSSAs work and overall deliver reasonably well on individual fairness. The results on fiscal fairness are clouded by conceptual and empirical gaps. Bureaucratic effectiveness would profit from ICT-based exchanges on both corridors once available. |
| Keywords: | acquired rights, labor mobility, migration corridor, administration, evaluation |
| JEL: | D69 H55 I19 J62 |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izapps:pp111&r=mig |
| By: | Elish Kelly; Seamus McGuinness; Philip O’Connell; Alberto González Pandiella; David Haugh |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies the labour market impact of the Great Recession on immigrants compared to natives and how this relationship has evolved since the downturn. We find that the employment penalty suffered by immigrant workers, relative to native workers, increased significantly over the Irish recession and persisted during the subsequent recovery. Differences in labour market outcomes between immigrants and natives were accentuated by the recession, when the employment penalty was the highest. Secondly we conclude that the more recent evolution of the employment penalty appears to be related to a composition effect, as many refugee immigrants with weak labour market attachment became naturalised citizens during the recession. This suggests that the difficulties that some immigrants experience in the labour market would be under-estimated without taking due account of naturalisation processes, as is done in this paper for the first time in Ireland. This working paper relates to the 2015 OECD Economic Survey of Ireland (http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-ireland.htm). Comment les immigrants réussissent dans le marché du travail irlandais sur la Grande Récession ? Ce document identifie l'impact sur le marché du travail de la grande récession sur les immigrants par rapport aux autochtones et comment cette relation a évolué depuis la récession. Nous constatons que la pénalisation de l'emploi subie par les travailleurs immigrés, par rapport aux travailleurs indigènes, a considérablement augmenté au cours de la récession irlandaise et a persisté pendant la récupération ultérieure. Les différences de performance dans le marché du travail entre les immigrants et les autochtones ont été accentuées par la récession, lorsque la pénalisation de l'emploi était au plus haut. Deuxièmement, nous concluons que l'évolution récente de la pénalisation de l'emploi semble être liée à un effet de composition car de nombreux immigrants réfugiés faiblement attachés au marché du travail ont été naturalisés Irlandais pendant la récession. Cela laisse à penser que les difficultés rencontrées par certains immigrés sur le marché du travail seraient sous-estimées si le processus de naturalisation n’était pas pris en compte. Ce document prend en compte cet effet de composition pour la première fois en Irlande. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de l'Irlande 2015 (http://www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude -economique-irlande.htm). |
| Keywords: | Ireland, immigration, labour market, Refugees, Naturalisation, Great recession, Naturalisation, Réfugiés, marchés du travail, Irlande, immigration, Grande récession |
| JEL: | E24 F22 J21 J61 J64 |
| Date: | 2016–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1284-en&r=mig |
| By: | Pedro Carneiro (University College London); Sokbae Lee (The Institute for Fiscal Studies); Hugo Reis (Banco de Portugal) |
| Abstract: | The vast majority of immigrants to the United States at the beginning of the 20th century adopted first names that were common among natives. The rate of adoption of an American name increases with time in the US, although most immigrants adopt an American name within the first year of arrival. Choice of an American first name was associated with a more successful assimilation, as measured by job occupation scores, marriage to a US native and take-up of US citizenship. We examine economic determinants of name choice, by studying the relationship between changes in the proportion of immigrants with an American first name and changes in the concentration of immigrants as well as changes in local labor market conditions, across different census years. We find that high concentrations of immigrants of a given nationality in a particular location discouraged members of that nationality from taking American names. Poor local labor market conditions for immigrants (and good local labor market conditions for natives) led to more frequent name changes among immigrants. |
| Keywords: | Americanization, culture, first name, identity, immigration |
| JEL: | J15 N32 |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1608&r=mig |
| By: | Jean-Michel Lafleur (Université de Liège); Olivier Lizin (Université de Liège) |
| Keywords: | Congo, Belgium |
| Date: | 2014–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:cmgdev:15-01d&r=mig |
| By: | Tugrul Vehbi (Reserve Bank of New Zealand) |
| Abstract: | New Zealand is experiencing its largest inflow of net permanent and long-term migrants in 100 years, coinciding with relatively weaker domestic demand pressures. This paper assesses whether the age composition of migrants is an important factor to explain why economic pressures have been weaker than expected, given strong net immigration. |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nzb:nzbans:2016/03&r=mig |
| By: | Guilherme de Oliveira Schmitz |
| Abstract: | Tramitam no Congresso Nacional dois projetos de lei de substituição do Estatuto do Estrangeiro, datado de 1980. O debate político em torno da legislação migratória no Brasil tem ganhado força entre os diversos grupos de interesse no assunto, à medida que amadurece a percepção de que a legislação atual não corresponde aos valores e aos interesses da sociedade brasileira. Este trabalho objetiva, neste contexto, analisar comparativamente as duas propostas de alteração do Estatuto do Estrangeiro, as quais têm o intuito de tornar o Brasil mais atraente para os imigrantes e melhorar os procedimentos de entrada destes. Pretende-se contribuir, em sua dimensão jurídica, para a adequação da política migratória à realidade social do Brasil. In the Congress, there are two Bills going through for amend the 1980’s Immigration law. For that, the political debate on immigration law has gained strength among the various groups of interest in the subject, as it matures the perception that current legislation does not correspond to the values and interests of Brazilian society. In this context, this work aims to comparatively analyze the two Bills to amend the Foreigners’ Statutes, which both intent to make Brazil more attractive to immigrants and improve the entry procedures of these. That way, it is intended to contribute, in its legal dimension, to the adequacy of migration policy to the social reality of Brazil. |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2183&r=mig |