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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Eugen Dimant (University of Paderborn); Tim Krieger (University of Freiburg); Daniel Meierriecks (University Freiburg) |
| Abstract: | We examine the influence of corruption on migration for 111 countries between 1985 and 2000. Robust evidence indicates that corruption is among the push factors of migration, especially fueling skilled migration. We argue that corruption tends to diminish the returns to education, which is particularly relevant to the better educated. |
| Keywords: | Corruption, Migration, Skilled Migration, Push Factors of Migration |
| JEL: | D73 F22 O15 |
| Date: | 2013–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:ciepap:67&r=mig |
| By: | Michael Fertig; Martin Kahanec |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates potential migration flows to the European Union from its eastern neighbors and Croatia. We perform out-of-sample forecasts using an adaption of the model of Hatton (1995) to time series cross-sectional data about post-enlargement migration flows following the EU’s 2004 enlargement. We consider two baseline policy scenarios, with and without accession of sending countries to the EU. Our results show that migration flows are driven by migration costs and economic conditions, but the largest effects accrue to policy variables. In terms of the predicted flows: (i) we can expect modest migration flows in case of no liberalization of labor markets and only moderately increased migration flows under liberalization; (ii) after an initial increase following liberalization, migration flows will subside to long run steady state; (iii) Ukraine will send the most migrants; and (iv) the largest inflows in absolute terms are predicted for Germany, Italy and Austria, whereas Ireland, Denmark, Finland and again Austria are the main receiving countries relative to their population. |
| Keywords: | Migration, free movement of workers, European Union, Eastern Partnership, EU enlargement, migration potential, out-of-sample forecasting |
| JEL: | F22 C23 C53 |
| Date: | 2013–10–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cel:dpaper:18&r=mig |
| By: | Adolfo, Cristobal Campoamor |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a model accounting for the impact of the Chinese rural-urban migration on the stock of aggregate saving and the skill composition of the urban labor force. The novel mechanism through which immigration affects labor-market outcomes is the availability of new loanable funds for investment, which also results in endogenous skill upgrading. Given their rural hukou, which determines their higher training costs in the city, migrants skip the financial costs of human capital or residential investment. As a result, they self select as net lenders, which reduces the equilibrium local interest rates and facilitates the investment mostly of new generations of urbanites. Consequently, the aggregate labor income of people with urban hukou increases with immigration. |
| Keywords: | Rural-to-Urban Migration; hukou; human capital; saving rate |
| JEL: | J61 O15 P35 |
| Date: | 2014–08–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:57983&r=mig |
| By: | Maystadt, Jean-François; Mueller, Valerie; Sebastian, Ashwini |
| Abstract: | While an emerging literature cites weather shocks as major determinants of migration, scant evidence exists on how such migration impacts the labor markets of receiving communities in developing countries. We address this knowledge gap by investigating the impact of weather-driven internal migration on labor markets in a post-conflict country, Nepal, using household survey data in 2003 and 2010. |
| Keywords: | Migration, Labor market, Conflict, Climate, Skilled labour, Economic development, poverty alleviation, |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1364&r=mig |
| By: | Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano |
| Abstract: | This brief essay provides a selective discussion of how in recent years economists in the neoclassical tradition have addressed the questions whether and how immigration affects native workers' labour market outcomes. In particular, it discusses: the distinction between the displacement, productivity and amenity effects of immigration; the issues that arise in using wage changes to identify those effects; and the problem of assessing a causal link from immigration to natives' labour market outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Immigration, wages, productivity, cultural diversity |
| JEL: | F22 J31 J61 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1292&r=mig |
| By: | Artjoms Ivlevs (University of the West of England, Bristol) |
| Abstract: | Recent literature suggests that higher levels of subjective well-being (happiness and life satisfaction) lead to greater productivity, better physical health and enhanced social skills. The governments of migrant-receiving countries should, therefore, be interested in attracting happy migrants, as this can reduce the burden on the welfare state and facilitate migrants’ integration into the host society. To determine how people select into migration on the basis of subjective well-being, we study causal effects of life satisfaction on emigration intentions in 29 post-socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Instrumental variable analysis suggests that higher levels of life satisfaction have a positive effect on the probability of reporting intentions to migrate, i.e. prospective migrants are positively selected on subjective well-being. |
| Keywords: | Subjective well-being, life satisfaction, emigration, transition economies |
| JEL: | F22 O15 P2 |
| Date: | 2014–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uwe:wpaper:20141402&r=mig |
| By: | Cohen Goldner, Sarit (Bar-Ilan University); Epstein, Gil S. (Bar-Ilan University) |
| Abstract: | We focus on high school dropout rate among male and female immigrant children. We consider the relationship between the dropout rate and age of arrival of the immigrants. Using repeated cross sectional data from the Israeli Labor Force Surveys of 1996-2011 we show that the share of high school dropouts among immigrant children who arrived from the Former Soviet Union during 1989-1994 is at least as double than among natives in the same age group. Further, we show that among immigrant youth there is a monotonic negative relation between age at arrival and the share of high school dropouts. To understand our results we present a theoretical framework that links between age at arrival in the host country, language proficiency, quality of education and wages. |
| Keywords: | immigrants, age at arrival, high-school dropouts |
| JEL: | I21 J24 J61 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8378&r=mig |
| By: | Liu, Xiangbo; Palivos, Theodore; Zhang, Xiaomeng |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effects of US immigration on native workers in a search and matching environment that allows for skill heterogeneity, differential search cost, cross-skill matching and imperfect transferability of human capital across borders. We find that cross-skill matching benefits the unskilled and hurts the skilled native workers. Similarly, new unskilled immigration benefits the low-skilled native workers and hurts the high-skilled. On the other hand, new skilled immigration benefits both skilled and unskilled natives. Moreover, when we simulate the effects of the actual US immigration influx that took place between the years 2000 and 2009, we find that both skilled and unskilled native workers gain. We also find that initially an improvement in the transferability of human capital benefits the high-skilled natives at the expense of the low-skilled. Nevertheless, below a certain overeducation ratio, further improvements in the transferability of human capital make both types of native workers worse off. |
| Keywords: | Immigration, Search and Matching, Skill Heterogeneity, Occupational Mismatch, Overeducation, Transferability of Human Capital |
| JEL: | F22 J61 J64 |
| Date: | 2014–08–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:57981&r=mig |
| By: | Alexander Haupt (Plymouth University and CESifo); Silke Übelmesser (School of Economics and Business Administration, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, and CESifo) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyse the implications of labour market integration in a two-region model with local human capital externalities and congestion eects. We show that integration can be a double-edged sword. Integration and the ensuing agglomeration of skilled labour can reduce 'real' income in both regions. Even if there is a 'winning' region, human capital and real income in the two regions together might decline (but need not). However, integration can increase total real income even if it depresses human capital formation. We further explore how the degree of labour mobility and the strength of the congestion eects shape the impact of integration on human capital and income. |
| Keywords: | Human capital, migration, labour market integration, agglomeration |
| JEL: | F22 R23 J24 R12 |
| Date: | 2014–08–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2014-020&r=mig |
| By: | Bergh, Andreas (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | In most OECD-countries, immigrants have lower employment and higher unemployment than natives. This paper compares nine potential explanations of these gaps. Results are obtained for 21–28 countries using bivariate correlations, OLS-regressions and Bayesian model averaging over all 512 theoretically possible model specifications. Two robust patterns are found. The unemployment gap is bigger in countries where collective bargaining agreements cover a larger share of the labor market. The employment gap is bigger in countries with more generous social safety nets. Five variables have explanatory value in some specifications: Xenophobia, employment protection laws, social expenditure, asylum applications, and the share of immigrants in the population. The education of immigrants and migrant integration policies have no explanatory value. A trade-off seems to exist such that countries with smaller labor market gaps have higher income inequality. |
| Keywords: | Labor market segregation; Immigration; Insider-outside hypothesis |
| JEL: | E24 J51 J60 J71 |
| Date: | 2014–08–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1036&r=mig |
| By: | Aga, Gemechu Ayana; Soledad Martinez Peria, Maria |
| Abstract: | This paper uses World Bank survey data, including about 10,000 households in five countries -- Burkina Faso, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda -- to investigate the link between international remittances and households'financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper finds that receiving international remittances increases the probability that the household opens a bank account in all the five countries. This result is robust to controlling for the potential endogeneity of remittances, using as instruments indicators of the migrants'economic conditions in the destination countries. |
| Keywords: | Access to Finance,Population Policies,Remittances,Debt Markets,Banks&Banking Reform |
| Date: | 2014–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6991&r=mig |