|
on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Ernest Miguelez (World Intellectual Property Organization, Economics and Statistics Division, Geneva, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | The goal of this paper is to assess the influence of spatial mobility of knowledge workers on the formation of ties of scientific and industrial collaboration across European regions. Co-location has been traditionally invoked to ease formal collaboration between individuals and firms, since tie formation costs increase with physical distance between partners. In some instances, highly-skilled actors might become mobile and bridge regional networks across separate locations. This paper estimates a fixed effects logit model to ascertain precisely whether there exists a ‘previous co-location premium’ in the formation of networks across European regions. |
| Keywords: | inventors’ mobility, technological collaborations, co-location, European regions, panel data |
| JEL: | C8 J61 O31 O33 R0 |
| Date: | 2013–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wip:wpaper:07&r=mig |
| By: | Sejeong Ha; Christian A. L. Hilber |
| Abstract: | We hypothesize that as the distance of a residential move increases, the cost of collecting information on the destination housing market rises, the amount and quality of information collected fall, and the chances of making an ill-informed housing purchase decision increases, reducing the likelihood of such a purchase. Since owning relative to renting is associated with a much larger financial commitment and much higher transaction costs, the propensity to own can be expected to decrease with the distance moved. Using data from the Survey of English Housing from 1993 to 2008, we document that, consistent with our prior, an increase in the distance moved by one standard deviation decreases the probability that a household owns the next home by 3.2 percentage points. |
| Keywords: | Residential mobility, distance of residential relocation, information cost, investment risk, homeownership, tenure choice |
| JEL: | J61 R21 R23 |
| Date: | 2013–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:sercdp:0141&r=mig |
| By: | Giorgio Fagiolo; Marina Mastrorillo |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the relationships between migration and trade using a complex-network approach. We show that: (i) both weighted and binary versions of the networks of international migration and trade are strongly correlated; (ii) such correlations can be mostly explained by country economic/demographic size and geographical distance; (iii) pairs of countries that are more central in the international-migration network trade more. |
| Date: | 2013–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1309.5859&r=mig |
| By: | Tony Champion; Mike Coombes; Ian Gordon |
| Abstract: | This paper uses evidence from the (British) Longitudinal Study to examine the influence on occupational advancement of the city-region of residence (an escalator effect) and of relocation between city-regions (an elevator effect). It shows both effects to be substantively important, though less so than the sector of employment. Elevator effects are found to be associated with moves from slacker to tighter regional labour markets. Escalator effects, on the other hand, are linked with residence in larger urban agglomerations, though not specifically London, but also across most of the Greater South East and in second/third order city-regions elsewhere. Sectoral escalator effects are found to be particularly strong in knowledge-intensive activities, with concentrations of these, as of other advanced job types (rather than of graduate labour), contributing strongly to the more dynamic city-regional escalators. The impact of the geographic effects is found to vary substantially with both observed and unobserved personal characteristics, being substantially stronger for the young and for those whose unobserved attributes (e.g. dynamic human capital) generally boost rates of occupational advance. |
| Keywords: | Escalator region, labour migration, elevator effect, city-regions, social mobility, career progression |
| JEL: | J24 J61 J62 R23 |
| Date: | 2013–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:sercdp:0139&r=mig |
| By: | Marco Accorinti |
| Abstract: | The essay analyzes the policies for migrants with a specific focus of the measures planned for unaccompanied minors from North Africa. It describes the evolution of the organization of assistance and social protection in Italy and the main phases of management ENA 2011. In the conclusions some lines of social policy are described. Il saggio analizza le politiche per i migranti avendo una attenzione specifica agli interventi previsti per minori non accompagnati provenienti dal Nord Africa. Si descrive l’evoluzione dell’organizzazione di assistenza e tutela in Italia e le principali fasi evolutive della gestione dell’ENA 2011, indicando in conclusione alcune linee di policy. |
| Keywords: | Migration policies; social assistance; unaccompanied non-UE minors Politiche migratorie; assistenza; minori stranieri non accompagnati |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cnz:wpaper:52:2013&r=mig |
| By: | Hisahiro Naito |
| Abstract: | The effect of accepting more immigrants on welfare in the presence of a pay-as-you-go social security system is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. First, it is shown that if initially there exist intergenerational government transfers from the young to the old, the government can lead an economy to the (modified) golden rule level within a finite time in a Pareto-improving way by increasing the percentage of immigrants to natives (PITN). Second, using the computational overlapping generation model, the welfare gain is calculated of increasing the PITN from 15.5 percent to 25.5 percent and years needed to reach the (modified) golden rule level in a Pareto-improving way in a model economy. The simulation shows that the present value of the welfare gain of increasing the PITN comprises 23 percent of the initial GDP. It takes 112 years for the model economy to reach the golden rule level in a Pareto-improving way. |
| Date: | 2013–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tsu:tewpjp:2013-004&r=mig |
| By: | Zimmermann, Klaus F. (IZA and University of Bonn) |
| Abstract: | Open and flexible labor markets foster growth, development and integration in Europe. The single European labor market is still a vision, however, whereas the core challenge is a lack of sufficient mobility. The presentation discusses the value of labor mobility for economic prosperity and its determinants. Labor migration and not welfare migration dominates reality and supports economic equality. It does not depress wages or take jobs away. A brain drain for sending countries does not have to happen. Diaspora economies provide potentials for economic and political collaborations. Europe will face in the future a much higher level of circular and permanent migration. |
| Keywords: | migration, labor mobility, welfare migration, diaspora economics, circular migration |
| JEL: | D61 F15 F22 F55 J15 J61 J71 |
| Date: | 2013–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izapps:pp69&r=mig |
| By: | Daniela Piazzalunga |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the gender and ethnic wage differentials for female immigrants, applying the Oaxaca decomposition to estimate the level of discrimination. The gender pay gap is quite small (7.42%), but it's not explained by observable differences, whilst the ethnic wage gap is larger (27.11%), but the explained components account for about 30%. Ultimately, we will evaluate how the multiple levels of discrimination (due to being a woman and a foreigner at the same time) intersect, following the decomposition suggested by Shamsuddin (1998). The double-negative effect is estimated to be 56-62%. |
| Keywords: | Immigration, gender, wage discrimination, Oaxaca decomposition, double-negative effect |
| JEL: | J16 J31 J61 J71 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cca:wchild:11&r=mig |