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on Economics of Human Migration |
| By: | Giovanni Facchini; Anna Maria Mayda |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes welfare-state determinants of individual attitudes towards immigrants - within and across countries - and their interaction with labor-market drivers of preferences. We consider two different mechanisms through which a redistributive welfare system might adjust as a result of immigration. In the first model, immigration has a larger impact on individuals at the top of the income distribution, while under the second model it is low-income individuals who are most affected through this channel. Individual attitudes are consistent with the first welfare-state model and with labor-market determinants of immigration attitudes. In countries where natives are on average more skilled than immigrants, individual income is negatively correlated with pro-immigration preferences, while individual skill is positively correlated with them. These relationships have the opposite signs in economies characterized by skilled migration (relative to the native population). These results are confirmed when we exploit international differences in the characteristics of destination countries' welfare state. |
| Date: | 2007–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esx:essedp:644&r=mig |
| By: | Wolfgang Eggert (University of Paderborn & CESifo); Tim Krieger (University of Paderborn); Volker Meier (Ifo Institute for Economic Research, University of Munich & CESifo) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies a two-region model in which unemployment, education decisions and interregional migration are endogenous. The poorer region exhibits both lower wages and higher unemployment rates, and migrants to the richer region are disproportionally skilled. The brain drain from the poor to the rich region is accompanied by stronger incentives to acquire skills even for immobile workers. Regional shocks tend to affect both regions in a symmetric fashion, and skilled-biased technological change reduces wages of the unskilled. Both education and migration decisions are distorted by a uniform unemployment compensation, which justifies a corrective subsidization. |
| Keywords: | Education, Unemployment, Interregional migration, Externalities, Brain drain |
| JEL: | H23 I20 J61 J64 R10 |
| Date: | 2007–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:wpaper:7&r=mig |
| By: | Leah Platt Boustan |
| Abstract: | Residential segregation across jurisdiction lines generates disparities in public services and education by race. The distinctive American pattern -- in which blacks live in the center city and whites in the suburban ring -- was enhanced by black migration from the rural South from 1940-1970. I show that urban whites responded to this black influx by relocating to the suburbs and rule out the indirect effect on urban housing prices as a cause. Black migrants may have been attracted to areas already undergoing suburbanization. I create an instrument for changes in urban diversity that predicts black migrant flows from southern states and assigns these flows to northern cities according to established settlement patterns. The best causal estimates imply that "white flight" explains around 20 percent of suburban growth in the postwar period. |
| JEL: | J61 N12 R23 |
| Date: | 2007–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:13543&r=mig |
| By: | B. Lindsay Lowell |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses broad trends in the rates and levels of international migration over the past three decades, the places that migrants leave from and the destinations they choose; and some of the demographic and policy implications of these trends. It raises some features of international mobility trends over the past three decades that are, superficially, somewhat contradictory: stable rates of emigration but growing numbers of emigrants; and an apparent dynamism in the flow but a stable concentration of migrants going to more developed nations. On the one hand, these facts can be somewhat simply resolved by reference to the demographic divide between the less and more developed world. On the other hand, these facts hold implications for the past and future impacts of admission policies on international mobility. <BR>Ce document examine l’évolution générale des taux et des niveaux de migrations internationales au cours des trois dernières décennies, les points de départ des migrants et les destinations qu’ils choisissent, ainsi que quelques conséquences de cette évolution sur le plan de la démographie et des politiques. Il met en évidence certains aspects des tendances en matière de mobilité internationale observées ces trente dernières années qui, à première vue, paraissent assez contradictoires : stabilité des taux d’émigration mais augmentation du nombre d’émigrants, dynamisme apparent des flux mais stabilité de la concentration des migrants partant pour les pays avancés. D’un côté, on peut résoudre assez aisément cette énigme en rappelant la fracture démographique qui sépare les pays avancés du reste du monde mais, d’un autre côté, cette réalité a des implications s’agissant de l’impact passé et à venir des politiques d’admission sur la mobilité internationale. |
| JEL: | F22 J11 J61 N3 O15 |
| Date: | 2007–09–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:elsaab:58-en&r=mig |
| By: | Jumah, Adusei (Department of Economics and Finance, Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria, and Department of Economics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria); Kunst, Robert M. (Department of Economics and Finance, Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria, and Department of Economics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria) |
| Abstract: | We verify whether cocoa prices could be a source of inflation in five countries of the West African region within a framework that includes other variables such as migrant remittances to the region and a fiscal policy variable represented by the government budget deficit. Unlike earlier studies that explicitly use money supply variables, the inclusion of migrant remittances enables us to examine the effect of an international capital flow variable on inflation. The results reveal that the influence of cocoa prices on consumer price inflation is strong and statistically significant. The influence of the budget deficit and the flow of migrant remittance variables on inflation are, however, weak. |
| Keywords: | Inflation, West Africa, Cocoa, Budget deficits, Remittances |
| JEL: | C5 E31 |
| Date: | 2007–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ihs:ihsesp:219&r=mig |
| By: | David le Blanc; Romain Perez |
| Abstract: | This paper uses Geographic Information System (GIS) data on population density, rainfall and climate change scenarios in order to identify areas that will be subject to increased water stress due to insufficient precipitation to support their projected population levels in 2050. Density increases across the continent should lead to a significant increase in the extent of water stressed zones, especially around the Sahel belt and in Eastern Africa. Changes in rainfall, the pattern of which remains inherently uncertain today, could mitigate or compound those effects. Consequences of unsustainably high local densities such as migrations are bound to become more prevalent. |
| Keywords: | climate change, rainfall, climate modeling, demographic growth, migrations, Africa |
| JEL: | Q25 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2007–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:une:wpaper:57&r=mig |