|
on Minorities Research (Ethnic, LGBTQ+, Disabilities) |
| By: | Lin, Zhuoer (University of Illinois Chicago); Sun, Ruochen (University of Pennsylvania); Ross, Joseph (Yale University); Lau, Kien (Yale University); Stumpf, Sophia (Yale University); Chen, Xi (Yale University) |
| Abstract: | Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately burdens racial and ethnic minority populations, yet the extent to which clinical trials reflect this burden remains poorly understood. We review all US-based Phase III AD drug trials (1997-2023), using a multi-source approach that integrates the Trialtrove clinical trial database with PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, pharmaceutical reports, and conference abstracts. We document three main findings. First, nearly half of published trials reported no data on patient race or ethnicity. Among trials that did report, practices were highly inconsistent in terminology, categorization, and analytical depth. Second, White patients constituted shares of enrollment that are grossly disproportionate to AD prevalence rates. Third, almost no trials conducted any subgroup analyses by race or ethnicity. Critically, there is no evidence of improvement in reporting or representation. These patterns limit the generalizability of AD treatment evidence. Our findings support strengthening mandatory reporting standards, broadening eligibility criteria, and diversifying trial site selection to ensure emerging AD treatments are evaluated equitably across the populations most affected. |
| Keywords: | Alzheimer's disease, dementia, clinical trials, racial and ethnic disparities, health equity, underrepresentation, diversity in clinical research |
| JEL: | I14 I18 J15 J14 L65 I11 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18494 |
| By: | Aina Puig |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the causal effects of monetary policy shocks on household consumption, with additional analysis of labor market and income responses, disaggregated by gender and race. I find that contractionary monetary policy reduces consumption more for black than white households, with the largest declines among households headed by black women. These gaps persist after accounting for differences in household education, debt, and income, but are partly explained by differences in marital status and spousal insurance against shocks. These shocks also lead households to shift expenditures from non-essential and durable goods toward essential non-durable goods and services. The analysis provides estimates of marginal propensities to consume across groups and shows that contractionary, rather than expansionary, shocks drive aggregate consumption responses. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for intersectional demographic heterogeneity in evaluating the distributional effects of monetary policy. |
| Keywords: | Monetary Policy; Gender; Racial Inequality; Intrahousehold Allocation |
| JEL: | E21 E52 J15 J16 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lev:wrkpap:wp_1108 |
| By: | Blundell, Richard; Britton, Jack; Dias, Monica Costa; French, Eric; Zou, Weijian |
| Abstract: | Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), we estimate the impact of health on employment for individuals close to retirement age. Estimating the model separately by race and gender, we find that racial differences in employment can be partly explained by the worse health of minorities as well as the larger impact of health on employment for minorities. |
| Keywords: | race; gender; health; employment |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137779 |
| By: | Meng, Joshua PhD; Kurzhanskiy, Alex PhD |
| Abstract: | Ensuring equitable access to transportation services is critical for supporting the mobility needs of seniors and people with disabilities. In Contra Costa County, California, these populations face significant challenges in finding and using reliable and accessible transit—on demand microtransit services such as paratransit, and other multi-passenger/pooled shuttles or vans—due to the lack of a centralized up-to-date, customer-oriented informational system. These problems are compounded by the difficulties of arranging travel to multiple locations or scheduling trips with different mobility service providers (including paratransit agencies, community-based transit programs, and volunteer drivers programs). |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2026–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt7qd30292 |
| By: | David A. Matsa; Amalia R. Miller |
| Abstract: | We study Germany’s landmark quota requiring major public companies to include at least one woman on their top executive teams. The quota increased female representation among top executives by about two-thirds. Firms largely recruited women from outside their networks and without prior public-company top-executive experience, choosing them over male candidates with similar profiles. Most were appointed to HR or niche roles, and there was no increase in female CEOs. We find no significant effects on the female share of managers in lower ranks, policies promoting gender equality, firm value, or performance. Overall, the quota boosted diversity without causing much disruption. |
| JEL: | G34 G38 J44 J71 J78 K22 K31 M51 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35030 |
| By: | Theunissen, Anne |
| Abstract: | While the relation between gender and productivity has been predominantly explored in management and organization studies literature along the rigid boundaries of the gender binary, the perspectives of transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) workers have received little attention. Moreover, whereas studies have illustrated how productivity is a gendered construct that favours cis-gender men over cis-gender women at work, alternative conceptualisations of productivity have rarely been explored. Aiming to come to a more flexible and gender-minority-inclusive conceptualisation of the gender/productivity relation, this study analyses 19 interviews with TGNC workers in the UK and develops an alternative notion of productivity based on Queer Theory. The findings illustrate how TGNC workers produce narratives in which they portray the lack of queer productivity in the workplace as requiring emotional and queer labour. They engage in discourses that present these forms of gendered labour as draining them from resources they could otherwise invest in their individual hegemonic productivity. Simultaneously, they portray workplaces where they are not engaging in gendered labour as environments where their individual hegemonic productivity is facilitated. This paper contributes to the literature by reconceptualising productivity as a multiplicity, and by reframing the gender/productivity relation beyond its binary frameworks of reference. It also highlights the significance of social-identity-sensitive notions of productivity, and it illuminates forms of minoritised gender inequality tied to productivity dynamics in the workplace. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137894 |
| By: | Bottasso, Anna; Cerruti, Gianluca; Conti, Maurizio; Santagata, Marta |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates whether exposure of local areas to medieval Mediterranean trade with Africa and the Middle East still shapes Italian political attitudes. Such exchanges may have fostered cultural traits that eased interaction with people of different cultures, ethnicities, and religions. We show that individuals living near a medieval port are less likely to view migrants as a security threat or to report right-wing voting preferences; these areas also had fewer xenophobic attacks during the 2015 Syrian refugee surge. We also find that right-wing parties received fewer votes near medieval ports only when immigration was highly salient. Finally, we document a lower probability of Jewish deportations near medieval ports during the Nazi occupation, the only period when a minority group was explicitly targeted. This suggests that deep-rooted cultural traits can re-emerge when historical and political conditions make them relevant. |
| Keywords: | persistence studies; trade networks; political preferences; cultural persistence; immigration |
| JEL: | F22 D72 |
| Date: | 2026–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137817 |
| By: | Laetitia Challe (Université Gustave Eiffel, ERUDITE - Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel, TEPP - Théorie et évaluation des politiques publiques - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Yannick L’horty (Université Gustave Eiffel, ERUDITE - Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel, TEPP - Théorie et évaluation des politiques publiques - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pascale Petit (ERUDITE - Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel, TEPP - Théorie et évaluation des politiques publiques - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Gustave Eiffel); François-Charles Wolff (UN - Université de Nantes, LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université, TEPP - Théorie et évaluation des politiques publiques - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Discrimination in access to employment in the higher education and research sector is measured using a correspondence test. Two criteria are tested: the applicants' gender and their origin (either French or North African) for two occupations, administrative assistant and administrative and financial executive, using two testing methods, responding to job offers and sending unsolicited applications to recruiters. In total, the study compiles the results of 2, 748 job applications sent in 2021 and 2022 to higher education and research institutions in France. The two correspondence test methods revealed no evidence of gender-based discrimination for either occupation. However, in this sector, where principles of equality and integrity are expected to prevail, the study identifies evidence of discrimination against applicants of North African origin for administrative assistant positions, at a level comparable to that observed across the public sector as a whole. |
| Abstract: | Nous mesurons les discriminations dans l'accès à l'emploi dans le secteur de l'enseignement supérieur et la recherche à l'aide d'un test par correspondance. Deux critères sont testés, le sexe des candidats et leur origine, française ou nord-africaine, pour deux professions, assistant de gestion et cadre administratif, à l'aide de deux méthodes de test, la réponse à des offres d'emploi et des candidatures spontanées adressées à des recruteurs. Au total, l'étude exploite les résultats de 2 748 candidatures envoyées en 2021 et 2022 à des établissements d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en France. Les deux méthodes de test déployées concluent à l'absence de discriminations en raison du sexe pour les deux professions. En revanche, dans ce secteur particulier où les principes d'égalité et d'intégrité sont supposés prévaloir, l'étude signale une exposition aux discriminations selon l'origine nord-africaine pour les assistants de gestion dont l'ampleur est comparable à celle observée dans l'ensemble de la fonction publique. |
| Keywords: | discrimination, higher education and research, correspondence test, enseignement supérieur et recherche, test par correspondance |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05567570 |
| By: | Maude Laberge; Bile Yacouba Djedou; Anaïs Lacasse; Catherine Hudon; Thomas G. Poder |
| Abstract: | Comprendre les trajectoires des grands utilisateurs pour mieux orienter les politiques de santé The concentration of healthcare expenditure among a minority of users is a well-documented phenomenon. Understanding the care pathways of these “high users” of healthcare services is essential for better guiding public policy. Drawing on longitudinal medical and administrative data from the TorSaDE cohort, the authors of a CIRANO study (Laberge et al., 2025) make an original contribution in the Quebec context. They analyze the usage profiles of high-use patients and identify the main factors associated with their care pathways. The study highlights the diversity of pathways and the complexity of these individuals’ needs. The findings call for a rethinking of current strategies and a focus on personalized approaches that enable needs to be anticipated, individuals to be better supported, and the efficiency of the system to be improved. This study serves as a highly strategic tool for healthcare planning in Quebec. The early identification of high-risk trajectory profiles enables upstream action through targeted interventions before overuse becomes entrenched. Comprendre les trajectoires des grands utilisateurs pour mieux orienter les politiques de santé La concentration des dépenses de santé au sein d’une minorité d’usagers est un phénomène bien documenté. Comprendre les trajectoires de soins de ces grands utilisateurs des services de santé est essentiel pour mieux orienter les politiques publiques. En exploitant les données médico-administratives longitudinales de la cohorte TorSaDE, les auteurs d’une étude CIRANO (Laberge et al., 2025) apportent une contribution originale dans le contexte québécois. Ils analysent les profils d’utilisation des grands utilisateurs et identifient les principaux facteurs associés à leurs trajectoires de soins. L’étude met en évidence la diversité des parcours et la complexité des besoins de ces personnes. Les constats appellent à repenser les stratégies actuelles et à privilégier des approches personnalisées permettant d’anticiper les besoins, de mieux accompagner les personnes et d’améliorer l’efficience du système. Cette étude est un outil hautement stratégique pour la planification des soins au Québec. L’identification précoce des profils de trajectoires à risque permet d’agir en amont, en proposant des interventions ciblées avant que la surutilisation ne s’installe. |
| Date: | 2026–04–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:circah:2026pj-06 |