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on Minorities Research (Ethnic, LGBTQ+, Disabilities) |
| By: | Crowther, Naomi; Roos, Louisa |
| Abstract: | Women rely on intra- and inter-generational transfers for wealth accumulation more than men, yet the role of inheritance in closing gender wealth gaps remains poorly understood. Using Swedish registry inheritance data from 2002–2004 combined with panel data on individual wealth portfolios and labor income from 1999–2007, we examine how wealth and income evolve upon inheriting. Inheritance leads to larger relative increases in women’s net wealth compared to men, however the difference disappears in the long term. Differences in portfolio composition as well as unequal inheritance of productive assets, in the form of business ownership, may play a role. We find evidence indicative of structural barriers to financial resource accumulation over the lifecycle rather than inherent gender differences in investment preferences. The disparity in wealth accumulation post-inheritance is reinforced by gendered labor supply responses. Daughters reduce their paid labor supply more than sons, seemingly to provide unpaid eldercare. Given these findings, inheritance alone should not be viewed as an effective mechanism for reducing gender wealth inequality. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper) |
| Date: | 2026–02–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:7w253_v1 |
| By: | Parsons, Sam; Platt, Lucinda |
| Abstract: | Across the UK’s ethnic groups there is substantial variation in labour market outcomes, driven in part by differences in occupational concentration. Yet we lack insight into whether these outcomes may be shaped, in part, by differences in preferences deriving from grouplevel cultural socialization. We shed light on this question using the nationally representative Millennium Cohort Study. We study the occupational aspirations of girls and boys prior to school completion, matching these aspirations to job characteristics drawn from the Labour Force Survey across the two dimensions of value and gender-typicality. We estimate growth curve models tracking the value and gender-typicality of the aspired job from early childhood into adolescence, and test how far trajectories are consistent with theoretical expectations about the influence of group-level characteristics. We find that differences between ethnic groups are small; but those that exist do not support the contention that preferences are shaped by cultural socialization in the ways theorised. Minority girls aspire to higher-paid occupations than their majority counterparts, and this the case for those both from more and from less traditional and disadvantaged communities. We conclude there is a need to revisit cultural accounts of labour market outcomes among the children of immigrants. |
| Keywords: | occupational aspirations; ethnic inequalities; gender norms; childhood trajectories |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–01–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130946 |
| By: | Benjamin-Samuel Schlueter (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Leslie Root; Monica J. Alexander (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany) |
| Abstract: | As the United States is in an era of sustained fertility decline, childlessness across the life course is an increasingly important demographic phenomenon to understand. We developed a Bayesian parametric model to estimate the proportion of women who are childless by age, race and ethnicity, and education for birth cohorts 1950-1999 using data from the Current Population Survey and the National Survey of Family Growth. We show that there have been substantial changes to childbearing trajectories in the United States, with an increase in the share of women who are childless at most ages. For the 1950-1954 birth cohort, the age by which 50% of women had a child was 24 years, while for the 1990-1994 cohort it had risen to 29 years. Childlessness declines rapidly at early ages for those with a high school degree only, while those with a college degree enter parenthood later. Increases in childlessness at younger ages have not yet had substantial effects on the share of women without children at age 45, which has risen for some groups but fallen for others, particularly the most-educated mothers. |
| Keywords: | USA, childless couples |
| JEL: | J1 Z0 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2026-005 |
| By: | Zilla, Claudia; Peschke, Marie |
| Abstract: | In Latin America, Mexico (2020), Chile (2022) and Colombia (2022) have all officially committed to a feminist foreign policy (FFP). The introduction of a feminist approach to foreign policy should be seen in the context of a growing awareness of gender issues in international, regional and national politics. In comparison with their European counterparts, the Latin American approaches to FFP exhibit a stronger focus on the domestic dimension, on internal problems. This is especially clear in the case of Mexico, while Chile's FFP emphasises the feminist perspective in foreign trade and Colombia's FFP defines itself as pacifist. These countries' FFPs have not brought about a fundamental political change, but they do inject new momentum into existing gender equality policies and gender mainstreaming. They expand women's participation and representation and enhance the visibility of women's contribution to foreign policy. Mexico, Chile and Colombia are important partners for Germany and the EU in matters concerning the global gender and human rights agenda. As these Latin American countries are intensifying their cooperation in these areas, they are also worthwhile partners for the expansion of trilateral cooperation. As the German Federal Foreign Office has dropped its FFP, while the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) is continuing its feminist development policy and the future of Chile's FFP is uncertain due to the change of power, it will make sense to pursue cooperation on human rights, inclusion and gender issues through variable formats and terminological framing. Germany should also benefit from learning processes, and strengthen bi-regional dialogue and exchange, including between feminist and women's organisations. |
| Keywords: | Latin America, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, feminist foreign policy (FFP), German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), German Federal Foreign Office, Women, Peace and Security (WPS) |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swprps:336746 |
| By: | Aina, Carmen; Parisi, Lavinia; Picchio, Matteo |
| Abstract: | Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a critical threat to women's safety and equality worldwide, yet the role of climate and environmental stressors in shaping violence against women remains underexplored, particularly in developed countries. This study identifies the causal impact of short-run temperature fluctuations on GBV in Italy using ten years of province-level data (2013-2022) on helpline calls and femicides and a two-way fixed effects estimation strategy. We find that higher temperatures increase both help-seeking behavior and lethal GBV. Accounting for nighttime temperatures shows that elevated minimum temperatures are particularly consequential relative to daytime heat. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that temperature effects are not uniform across provinces, with evidence of differential responses along selected dimensions related to adaptation and socio-economic context. Overall, the results highlight the relevance of considering climate-related stressors within violence prevention and social protection frameworks, even in high-income countries. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, gender-based violence, temperatures, femicide, violence prevention |
| JEL: | J12 J16 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1713 |
| By: | Silveira, Susan; Tait, Kathleen; Holloway, Leona (Monash University); Anderson, Lara; Loke, Lian; Butler, Matthew; Reinhardt, Dagmar |
| Abstract: | Play is one of the inherent rights of children across the world. Play positively contributes to all aspects of a child’s development and brings a deep sense of connectedness and wellbeing for the child and their family. Australia has long recognized the importance of inclusion through foundational policies such as the Disability Discrimination Act (1992) and the National Disability Strategy (2010–2020). However, while the legislative intent is clear, significant gaps remain in translating these ambitions into tangible, accessible environments for children with disabilities. Although some advances have been made to address the physical barriers to play, the same progress has not been seen in purposeful design to include people with blindness and low vision (BLV) and their families. This research project aims to understand what is currently happening around the world in this area, to determine how increased inclusion and accessibility could enhance the lives of children with BLV. This paper provides an overview of an Australian project that is exploring how access to playgrounds can be improved for children with BLV by learning about playgrounds through audits and the user experience. |
| Date: | 2026–01–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:3wj6m_v1 |
| By: | Arlette Simo Fotso (INED - Institut national d'études démographiques); Jacob Martin (INED - Institut national d'études démographiques); Florian Bonnet (INED - Institut national d'études démographiques) |
| Abstract: | The World Health Organization estimates that that the highest prevalence of disability among individuals below age 60 is observed in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, knowledge of disability remains limited in the region, which is partly due to the lack of robust and comparable measurements of disability. In Sub-Saharan Africa, sub-national and comparable estimates of disability prevalence are limited. This paper aims to use comparable sources of data to estimate and construct an atlas of sub-regional disability prevalence. We take data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) which use the Washington Group on Disability Statistics (WG) short set of questions, which is designed to be a 'culturally neutral' disability screening tool. The questionnaire assesses limitations across six functional domains (seeing, hearing, walking, cognition, communication and self-care). We have data for a total of 26 Sub-Saharan African countries which were collected between 2016 and 2022. We aim to estimate the age-specific prevalence of functional limitation in the population aged 18-49 at the second subnational administrative division level in each country. Given the instability of direct estimates at the subnational level, we use recently developed small area estimation techniques that borrow strength over age and space. From our estimates we compute age standardized prevalences of limitation to facilitate comparison between regions and countries. Preliminary results show large heterogeneity between and within countries, but the amount of within-country differences varies from country to country. Overall, we found 682 subnational entities with age standardized disability prevalence significantly above 2.5%, 233 above 5%, and 31 above 10%. Areas with prevalence significantly above 10% are mainly located along the Ghana-Togo border, the CAR-DRC border, the south of DRC, and parts of Madagascar, underscoring the need for both national and global policymakers to focus efforts on these zones. |
| Date: | 2025–07–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05458425 |
| By: | Yan Hu (School of Economics, University of Edinburgh); Stephan Maurer (School of Economics, University of Edinburgh) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we study this question using the historical example of China’s first modern bureaucratic organization, the Chinese Maritime Customs Service. Drawing on newly digitized personnel records from 1876-1911, we first show that the Chinese clerks employed by the service were predominantly Cantonese. Using the plausibly exogenous transfers of clerks across stations, we then estimate that a non-Cantonese (minority) clerk benefited significantly from meeting at least one colleague from his same province and dialect. Such connections led to faster promotion and a 5.6% salary increase, with even stronger effects when meeting a clerk who was either senior or of high quality. |
| Keywords: | Chinese Maritime Customs Service, social connections, wages, promotion, minorities. |
| JEL: | J15 J31 J45 N35 N75 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:edn:esedps:325 |