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on Microfinance |
| By: | Bátiz-Zuk Enrique; González-Holden Alexa |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how gender disparities affect the time to repay group micro-finance loans using survival analysis and hazard decomposition techniques. We also control for the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the time needed by micro-finance loan borrowers to repay. We use a large sample of bank microfinance group loans from August 2017 to August 2021. Despite the fact that female borrowers' overall default rate is smaller, our unconditional estimates show that female borrowers default almost the equivalent of three consecutive installments earlier. Moreover, this result persists when we control for micro, industry, and macroeconomic factors. We also observe that the COVID-19 pandemic materialized as a spike in aggregate default rates that gradually reduced afterward. Our study identified a potential gender gap that has been understudied in the literature. |
| Keywords: | Credit markets;Microfinanceloan;Group lending;Gender;Survival analysis |
| JEL: | C41 G21 J16 O12 O16 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2023-07&r=mfd |
| By: | Anyidoho, Nana Akua; Gallien, Max; Rogan, Mike; van den Boogaard, Vanessa |
| Abstract: | In recent years, more and more governments in lower income countries have been introducing taxes on mobile money transfers as a means to raise revenue. These are often explicitly promoted as a way of taxing informal economic activity, but critics point out their potential negative impact on lower-income groups. Ghana’s electronic transfer levy (E-levy), introduced in May 2022, is a particularly interesting case study. It was explicitly justified as a way of taxing Ghana’s informal economy but includes a 100 cedi ($8.80) per day threshold to limit the tax burden on lower-income groups. Using data from a new survey of 2, 700 self-employed informal workers in the Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA) collected in April and May 2022, we examine the likely impact of the E-levy on informal workers from an equity standpoint (with reference to earnings, gender and occupational sector), and explore how this relates to how the levy is perceived. |
| Keywords: | Finance, Work and Labour, |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idq:ictduk:18114&r=mfd |
| By: | Andrew Brudevold-Newman (World Bank); Maddalena Honorati (World Bank); Gerald Ipapa (University of Delaware); Pamela Jakiela (Williams College; BREAD; Center for Global Development; IZA; J-PAL); Owen Ozier (Williams College; BREAD; IZA; J-PAL) |
| Abstract: | We evaluate two labor market interventions targeting young women in Nairobi, Kenya. The first was a multifaceted program involving vocational training, in-kind transfers of physical capital, and ongoing mentoring. The second was an unrestricted cash grant. Both interventions shift women into self-employment, impacts which persist after six years. Both programs also increase income in the short-term, but those effects disappear over time. Though the two treatments have similar impacts on labor market outcomes, women in the multifaceted program report significantly higher wellbeing six years after treatment relative to both women in the control group and those who received the grants. |
| Keywords: | youth unemployment, vocational training, cash grants, microenterprises, entrepreneurship, occupational choice, credit constraints, Africa, gende |
| JEL: | J24 M53 O12 |
| Date: | 2023–05–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:646&r=mfd |
| By: | Mia Ellis; Cynthia Kinnan; Margaret S. McMillan; Sarah Shaukat |
| Abstract: | Not all firms have equal capacity to absorb productive credit. Identifying those with higher potential may have large consequences for productivity. We collect detailed survey data on small- and medium-sized Tanzanian firms who borrow from a large commercial bank, which in turn raises funds via international capital markets. Using machine learning methods to identify predictors of loan growth, we document, first, that we achieve high rates of predictive power. Second, “soft” information (entrepreneurs’ motivations for entrepreneurship and constraints faced) has predictive power over and above administrative data (sector, age, etc.). Third, there is a different and larger set of predictors for women than men, consistent with greater barriers to efficient capital allocation among female entrepreneurs. |
| JEL: | G14 J16 O16 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31620&r=mfd |
| By: | Md. Toaha; Laboni Mondal |
| Abstract: | The paper examined the impact of agricultural credit on economic growth in Bangladesh. The annual data of agriculture credit were collected from annual reports of the Bangladesh Bank and other data were collected from the world development indicator (WDI) of the World Bank. By employing Johansen cointegration test and vector error correction model (VECM), the study revealed that there exists a long run relationship between the variables. The results of the study showed that agriculture credit had a positive impact on GDP growth in Bangladesh. The study also found that gross capital formation had a positive, while inflation had a negative association with economic growth in Bangladesh. Therefore, the government and policymakers should continue their effort to increase the volume of agriculture credit to achieve sustainable economic growth. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2309.04118&r=mfd |
| By: | Se-il MUN; Lei QIN; Yue ZHOU |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to evaluate empirically how station spacing affects the density along the transit line and the compactness of the urban area. We derive the population density equation as a function of station spacing, based on urban economics model of residential land use. We estimate the population density equation using data for grids in Wuhan, China. Based on the estimated equation, we conduct counterfactual simulations for several cases of station spacing to evaluate the extent to which shorter station spacing contributes to land use compactness. |
| Keywords: | Microcredit; Mass Transit System; Compact land use; Station spacing; Population distribution |
| JEL: | R14 R21 R31 R42 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kue:epaper:e-23-003&r=mfd |