|
on Microfinance |
| By: | Bernardus Van Doornik (Banco Central do Brasil); Armando Gomes (Washington University in St. Louis); David Schoenherr (Princeton University); Janis Skrastins (Washington University in St. Louis) |
| Abstract: | We assess the employment and income effects of access to credit dedicated to investment in individual mobility (a motorcycle). For identification, we exploit random time-series variation in access to credit through random lotteries for participants in a group-lending mechanism in Brazil. We find that access to credit for investment in individual mobility permanently increases formal employment rates and salaries, yielding an annual real rate of return of 16.94 percent over a ten-year horizon. Consistent with a geographically broader job search, we find that individuals transition to jobs further away from home and public transportation. Our results suggest that credit constraints prevent individuals from accessing parts of the labor market. As a consequence, extending credit for investment in mobility enables individuals to access geographically distant labor market opportunities, yielding high and persistent returns. |
| Keywords: | access to credit, household finance, labor mobility, spatial mismatch |
| JEL: | D14 G23 J62 R20 R23 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:econom:2021-56&r= |
| By: | Kramer, Berber; Pattnaik, Subhransu; Ward, Patrick S. |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the potential linkages between innovations in agricultural credit and women’s empowerment. We provide survey evidence of lower baseline demand for agricultural credit among women than men. When asked to imagine that their financial institution would use data on past cultivation through observations of smartphone and satellite imagery to review loan applications and insure loans, women reported significantly more often than men that this would increase (and not decrease) the likelihood that they would apply for loans, and their desired loan amounts increased significantly more than those of men. Moreover, we find that the gender gap in demand for agricultural credit is explained, in part, by differences in empowerment between women and men, suggesting that increasing women’s empowerment could help bridge gender gaps in credit access and utilization. Using a cluster randomized trial, we assess whether gender sensitization has an effect on women’s empowerment and demand for credit, but we do not find that gender trainings help shift women’s empowerment or demand for credit. We conclude that improving access to digital credit is not going to be sufficient to empower women. Instead, gender responsive or gender transformative programming is required to improve demand and create an enabling environment in which norms are changed and make it easier for women to take out agricultural credit. |
| Keywords: | INDIA; SOUTH ASIA; ASIA; gender; demand; agricultural credit; credit; digital technology; surveys; microfinance; women's empowerment; digital credit |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2093&r= |
| By: | K. M., Mahesh; Aithal, Sreeramana; Sharma, KRS |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Sustainable Finance (SF) contributes to better development and better Finance for Economic growth. Sustainable development is protecting and restoring the ecological system. SIDBI, NITI Aayog, and World Bank facilitate Sustainable Finance to encourage businesses to grow from Small Medium Enterprises to large Industries to make an enormous global impact. As per the World Bank estimate, adversely affect the standard of living of the population and climate change will reduce India’s GDP by nearly 3%. For tracking the climate protection performance of the country, the CCPI tool is used. The Key sustainable finance providers to companies and MSME’s are Banks, Corporations, International Financial Institutions, Institutional Investors, International organizations through Financial Instruments Climate Funds, Green Bonds, Impact Finance, Social bonds, Microfinance, SIDBI Sustainable Finance Scheme for funding, NABARD, and Make in India. MSMEs, and SMEs involved in the Projects Solar Power Plants, renewable energy, Green Machinery, Waste Management, Electric Vehicles (EV), Clean Energy, Recycle, Poverty alleviations, and Energy conservation, and India is committed to achieving Net Zero Emissions by 2070. During the Climate summit in Glasgow, India accepted for Five –Point climate ‘panchamrit, or pledge’ towards climate change and Climate Finance. As per the Environment ministry. India needs $280 billion for green infrastructure and the government of India proposed the creation of a Social Stock Exchange, Europe Investment Bank (EIB) with SBI. RBI has considered Green and Sustainable projects should be put under Priority Sector Lending (PSL) to support GE (Green Economy) growth and to meet the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) and ESG (Economic, Social, Environment) guidelines for fundraising. Methodology / Design /Approaches: In this article theoretical concepts are used in the analysis of various financing Mechanics for green production and Sustainable development. Findings and results: The effectiveness of sustainable finance or Climate finance required for MSME and Companies for greener production infrastructure and government of India missions on climate Change, Regular to boost the ESG to promote sustainable development and Economic growth. Originality/value: Analysed the various articles and case studies and prepared the model required for sustainable fiancé for green growth in India. |
| Keywords: | ESG, Climate Finance, Financial Institutions, Green Bonds, Green Economy, MSME’s, RBI, SIDBI, Social Stock Exchange, Sustainable Development Goals (SGS’s), ABCD analysis |
| JEL: | H3 H32 L8 L84 O1 P4 R3 |
| Date: | 2022–02–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112058&r= |