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on Microfinance |
| By: | Subhani, Dr.Muhammad Imtiaz; Osman, Ms.Amber |
| Abstract: | The paper is an emphasis on the financial sustainability of micro financing in Pakistan where Banks and institution use different products & services that help in reducing the poverty by coping up with subjective & objective poverty, this study found that banks were more commercialized in terms of payback & interest rates while engaged in micro financing but despite that Banks are endeavoring more ventures to uplift poverty in Pakistan through micro financing to poor. |
| Keywords: | micro finance; microfinance banks; microfinance institutions; poverty |
| JEL: | N27 G21 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:34722&r=mfd |
| By: | Saraswat, Deepak |
| Abstract: | Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is the largest and most ambitious public works program for poverty alleviation, adopted by Government of India since independence. It was implemented in year 2006, starting with the first phase of 200 most backward districts in India. Two more consecutive phases were implemented to cover all rural regions in India but, even after almost 6 years of its implementation, it has not been adequately analyzed for its effect on various development indicators. This paper aims to study, whether participating in a typical employment guarantee program like MGNREGA, increases access to financial services and in particular, credit. Results provide evidence that, MGNREGA has been successful in self-selecting rural poor into participation and households participating longer in the program have been able to borrow more from formal sources. This paper also provides evidence that, increase in productivity of economic activities for participants, due to work in MGNREGA acts as a link between longer participation and increased access to formal credit. |
| Keywords: | MGNREGA; Access to Credit |
| JEL: | C13 O18 C0 C3 O10 C87 C12 D82 |
| Date: | 2011–09–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:34671&r=mfd |
| By: | Kweka, Josaphat; Fox, Louise |
| Abstract: | The household enterprise sector has a significant role in the Tanzanian economy. It employs a larger share of the urban labor force than wage employment, and is increasingly seen as an alternative to agriculture as a source of additional income for rural and urban households. The sector is uniquely placed within the informal sector, where it represents both conditions of informal employment and informal enterprise. This paper presents a case study on Tanzania using a mixed approach by combining both quantitative and qualitative analysis to examine the important role of household enterprises in the labor force of Tanzania, and to identify key factors that influence their productivity. Household enterprise owners are similar to typical labor force participants although primary education appears to be the minimum qualification for household enterprise operators to be successful. Access to location matters -- good, secure location in a marketplace or industrial cluster raises earnings - and access to transport and electricity is found to have a significant effect on earnings as well. In large urban areas, the biggest constraint faced by household enterprises is the lack of access to secure workspace to run the small business. Although lack of credit is a problem across all enterprises in Tanzania, household enterprises are more vulnerable because they are largely left out of the financial sector either as savers or borrowers. Although HEs are part of the livelihood strategies of over half of households in Tanzania, they are ignored in the current development policy frameworks, which emphasize formalization, not productivity. Tanzania has a large number of programs and projects for informal enterprises, but there is no set of policies and program interventions targeted at the household enterprise sector. This gap exacerbates the vulnerability of household enterprises, and reduces their productivity. |
| Keywords: | Access to Finance,Banks&Banking Reform,Labor Markets,Population Policies,Debt Markets |
| Date: | 2011–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5882&r=mfd |